Papers by Kingsley Appiah
Meditari Accountancy Research
Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of corporate social responsibility ass... more Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of corporate social responsibility assurance practice (CSRAP) on the financial distress likelihood of listed firms in India. It uses the signalling theory to interpret the relationship among the variables of the study. Design/methodology/approach The study used the Indian stock market as the testing grounds and applied probit and panel probit regression to examine the data set with 800 firm-year observations from 2010 to 2019. Findings The study’s first findings show that firms with an assurance service have a negative correlation and are less likely to stay in financial distress situations for an extended period. However, corporate social responsibility (CSR) assurance has a positive but weak correlation with insignificance with financial distress likelihood of firms in India. The authors also find that the engagement of CSR assurance and level of assurance (limited assurance) does not cause a change in a firm financially d...
FIIB Business Review
This article uses stakeholder and legitimacy theories to examine CEO characteristics, family-cont... more This article uses stakeholder and legitimacy theories to examine CEO characteristics, family-controlled firms and employer-support volunteerism in India. A sample size of 800 firm-year observations between 2010 and 2019 utilizes multivariant regression for data interpretation. Our results suggest that CEO duality is statistically insignificant to influence employer-support volunteerism. Second, ageing CEOs have a statistically significant and positive effect on influencing employer-support volunteerism in India. Third, male CEOs have a statistically significant and positive effect on influencing employer-support volunteerism in India. Fourth, family firms are insignificant to influence employer-support volunteerism. However, in a moderating study, family-controlled firms reduce the efficiency in CEO duality towards employer-support volunteerism in India. Fifth, the interactive study shows that ageing and male CEOs in family firms positively influence employer-support volunteerism. R...
Ecological Indicators
To avert the disruption of the Earth's ecosphere, global carbon stock reduction must be e... more To avert the disruption of the Earth's ecosphere, global carbon stock reduction must be embarked upon with all solemnity. Emissions-induced climate pattern would reduce the comparative advantage of critical sectors in emerging economies like agronomy sector, adventure industry, forest sector and fishery's sector, thus altering the structure of trade openness. The influence of trade on global carbon stock is at a precarious stage. In this way, our study spread out the frontiers of current empirical study on the link between pollution and trade by further disaggregating international trade into trade import and export of merchandise in some emerging economies between 1971 and 2013, using Driscoll-Kraay error's regression in pooled OLS to determine long run coefficients. Empirical results suggest that 1% rise in imports, energy usage and industrialization cause's upsurge emissions by 0.471%, 1.176% and 0.596% respectively while 1% increase of economic progress causes a huge drop of emissions by as much as 1.153%. However, it was found that exports and urbanization increase improve emerging economy's environment but it is statistically not significant. The path of causation between variables was examined using Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality test. Potentially, emerging economies should minimize or control imports to reduce impact on environment. This will ensure that international trade benefits the environment, boosts economic growth, protects environment and generates additional income to mitigate ecological pollution. Emerging economies should increase awareness on how to protect environment and offer a reduction of the carbon tax to green industries.
Blood, 2020
Red blood cell disorders like Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) and β-thalassemias are caused by mutation... more Red blood cell disorders like Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) and β-thalassemias are caused by mutations within the gene for the hemoglobin β (HBβ) subunit. A fetal ortholog of HBβ, hemoglobin γ (HBγ) can prevent or reduce disease-related pathophysiology in these disorders by forming nonpathogenic complexes with the required hemoglobin α-subunit. Globin expression is developmentally regulated, with a reduction in production of the fetal ortholog (γ)occurring shortly after birth and a concomitant increase in the levels of the adult ortholog (β). It has been postulated that maintaining expression of the anti-sickling γ ortholog may be of therapeutic benefit in children and adults with SCD. Indeed, individuals with the SCD mutation who also have genetic variants that maintain HBγ expression at clinically meaningful levels do not present with SCD-related symptoms. Parallel target identification efforts using CRISPR and the Fulcrum proprietary, annotated chemical probe screening set in HUDEP2 ...
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2019
With Uganda's desire to industrialize for economic transformation and development comes with nega... more With Uganda's desire to industrialize for economic transformation and development comes with negative effect on environment as carbon emissions increases. Our study used econometric approach to perform empirical analysis to arrive at our findings on causal correlation between carbon dioxide emissions (CO 2), energy intensity, industrialization, and economic expansion in Uganda for the period 1990 to 2014 using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. In the long-run, economic growth and industrialization increase of 1% each increase carbon emission by 31.1% and 3.2% respectively while 1% increase in energy intensity decrease emission by 83.9%. Results of ARDL shows that, joint effect of energy intensity, economic progress and industrialization at constant decrease emissions by 2.46% in Uganda. In the pursuit of carbon emissions mitigation in Uganda, there is the need to increase energy intensity to reduce emissions level in the long-run. This requires the need to undertake wide-ranging of policy and institutional reforms.
DEStech Transactions on Engineering and Technology Research, 2018
The world is faced with increasing ecological effect on human activities. These effects have a di... more The world is faced with increasing ecological effect on human activities. These effects have a direct and indirect impact on environment. The study examined the impact of anthropogenic factors on carbon dioxide (CO 2) emission of Ghana for the period 1990-2016 using Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology (STIRPAT) model and Cobb-Douglas Production Function. Evidence of our analysis indicates that 1% increase in population growth, residential energy efficiency and access to electricity will cause an increase of CO 2 by 98%, 97% and 161% respectively. Consequently, the relationship between the variables is considered as elastic and that a small change in the driving forces will cause greater proportionate change in environmental pollution. Application of Cobb-Douglas Production Function revealed that increasing in return to scale exists in Ghana and therefore, CO 2 emission in Ghana increases more than the factors that drive it. Our study found long-run relationship between the variables but no causal effect of the predicting variables on dependent variable in Ghana. The contribution degrees of the driving forces to the change in CO 2 emissions from the STIRPAT model suggested that technology is the key driving factor, while population followed closely. 1
Physical Review A, 2020
We have performed kinematically complete experiments on single-electron capture in slow He 2+-Ar ... more We have performed kinematically complete experiments on single-electron capture in slow He 2+-Ar collisions. Besides the pure capture to the He + (n = 2) level, capture into the deep He + (n = 1) state with simultaneous excitation of another target electron is also observed. In contrast to the pure capture, the total cross section for this two-electron transition decreases with increasing collision energy, and its angular-differential cross section exhibits a much slighter slope. We take these observations as evidence for electron capture mediated by electron-electron interactions.
This paper looks at the effect of environmental performance on firm’s performance of mining compa... more This paper looks at the effect of environmental performance on firm’s performance of mining companies in Ghana. The study looked at total cash cost and capital expenditure as measures of firm’s performance of selected mining company. The study used recent econometric approach: Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) to find the long run relationship between the environmental performances and firm’s performance. The approach of the study is case study of a selected mining company listed at Ghana Stock Exchange for the study period 2007-2015. The study findings are that water consumption has a negative and significant impact on the financial performance of mining companies in Ghana. Hence, our study concludes that companies make environmental performance disclosures as means of meeting industrial regulations and policies and also to make the community see that they are doing something to mitigate the negative effect of their activities in the community.
Resources and Environment, 2017
Increase in human activities contribute to the economic growth of a country. However, these human... more Increase in human activities contribute to the economic growth of a country. However, these human activities also contribute to the environmental pollution (i.e. carbon dioxide emissions). The effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions on the environment is becoming a pressing reality. The study explores the relationship between CO2 and economic growth in Ghana when the economic structure changes. The study also tested the existence of EKC relationship between economic growth and CO2 in Ghana. Using linear regression model to find the linear relationship between environmental pollution and economic growth in Ghana, the study employed Ordinary Least Square (OLS) in order to minimize the sum of squared residuals. The study used the data of World Development Indicators (WDI) 2017 for the period 1970-2016. The study employed CO2 (metric tonnes per capita) as proxy of environmental pollution and GDP per capita (current US $) as proxy of economic growth. Findings indicate that CO2 and GDP p...
American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 2018
This study seeks to review existing literature on the significance of Marketing Capabilities as R... more This study seeks to review existing literature on the significance of Marketing Capabilities as Resource Based View and its relationship on organizational performances that is explaining the logical step from marketing capabilities to a positive Organizational Performance. Further exploration is studied to understand the Marketing Capabilities as a Resource based view and innovation capabilities deeper. Recommendation have been presented on the implications of marketing capabilities application of business operating in domestic and international markets.
Article history Received: 20 December 2020 Accepted: 25 January 2021 Published Online: 31 January... more Article history Received: 20 December 2020 Accepted: 25 January 2021 Published Online: 31 January 2021 The study scrutinized correlation between electricity production, trade, economic growth, industrialization and carbon dioxide emissions in Ghana. Our study disaggregated trade into export and import to spell out distinctive and individual variable contribution to emissions in Ghana. In an attempt to investigate, the study used time-series data set of World Development Indicators from 1971 to 2014. By means of Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegrating technique, study established that variables are co-integrated and have long-run equilibrium relationship. Results of long-term effect of explanatory variables on carbon dioxide emissions indicated that 1% each increase of economic growth and industrialization, will cause an increase of emissions by 16.9% and 79% individually whiles each increase of 1% of electricity production, trade exports, trade imports, will cause a decr...
Journal of environment and earth science, 2017
Management of water resources has become a major challenge in Ghana. Efforts to address the situa... more Management of water resources has become a major challenge in Ghana. Efforts to address the situation through serious water sector reforms have provided some improvements, with some serious challenges still persisting globally. This paper takes a view of water management systems in Ghana by focusing on some specific issues such as water production, water sales, total cost and their relationship with the non-revenue water (NRW). The paper adopts “correlation theory” of observations from 2003 to 2009 using Ministry of Water Resources Works and Housing, Ghana data. The findings reveal that, one major problem confronting water resources management in Ghana among others is lack of proper institutional structures and enforcement agencies. The study also revealed that total revenue and total cost of water provision have negative but moderate correlation with NRW but does not give any indication of how good this relationship might be. Again, it was found that where there are aspects of inst...
This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation of China under grants 71471076... more This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation of China under grants 71471076, 71704066 and 71671080 and 71701090 and 71501084. This work was also supported by the Special Funds of the National Social Science Fund of China [18VSJ038] and by Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. BK20170542). Abstract Carbon dioxide emission (CO2) is the principal element of greenhouse gases (GHG), contributing a greater portion of 50% equivalent to global warming. The effort to control the increase of atmospheric CO2 emission awareness is an essential elucidation to curtail global warming challenge. Through the protection of existing forests and increasing the preservation of the woodland storage, carbon sequestration by forest areas can be efficiently elevated. CO2 emissions from forests to the atmosphere to the large extent may be prevented by promoting the long-time period use of woods and reprocessing without burning. When effective land use plans a...
The last decade has witnessed a lot of development in the Healthcare sector in Ghana in many resp... more The last decade has witnessed a lot of development in the Healthcare sector in Ghana in many respects. Healthcare now ranks among the top sectors in terms of revenue and continues to generate a lot of employment. The healthcare industry is one of the fastest growing industries in Ghana and estimates suggest that the overall market is around GHC 6.5 billion. Yet Ghana’s healthcare industry faces a lot of challenges at the moment. Be it the exponential growth in demand for safe treatments at an economical price or escalating cost of running healthcare services, the sector needs to gear up to support growth that matches the domestic and international demand. This review explores the extent to which e-procurement can help to eliminate some of the core challenges confronting the healthcare sector in Ghana. It explores the roles of all players involved in procurement such as hospitals, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment suppliers, diagnostics providers, government and regulatory agencies ...
Nowadays the practice in which businesses find themselves becomes unknown, innovation types have ... more Nowadays the practice in which businesses find themselves becomes unknown, innovation types have been seen as a critical element in an organizational growth of companies. This paper intends to cross -examine the interrelation between innovation types and SME marketing performance in a growing economy of Ghana. The research used quantitative methods, in which four research hypotheses were formulated and tested using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). In all, 437 respondents of SME composed data through a questionnaires survey sight in the cities of Kumasi and Accra respectively in Ghana. The study outcomes identified the usefulness of a strong and meaningful impact between the types of innovation namely Product, Process, Marketing and Organization and SME marketing performance of a developing economy. The paper explores to add to the limited knowledge of SME in the perspective of innovation types literature relationship to the marketing performance in a de...
This book presents an examination of corporate failure prediction by testing the applicability of... more This book presents an examination of corporate failure prediction by testing the applicability of the Altman's Z-Score Model to the UK Information Technology and Related Services Industry. The data set consist of matched-paired failed and non-failed firms from 2000 to 2006. The Z-Score prediction model employed the multivariate technique Multiple Discriminant Analysis (MDA) which was used to test two hypotheses that: 1) Failed and Non-failed companies will show differences in their financial performances as measured by accounting ratios; 2) Altman’s Z-Score model through MDA is able to distinguish effectively between failed and non-failed companies in the Computer and Related Activities Private Sector. The study involved assessing the ability of the model to predict corporate failure in the chosen industry for up to two years prior to the failure event. The result supports the hypotheses and is generally consistent with the existing body of empirical evidence.
Blood, 2020
Red blood cell disorders like Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) and β-thalassemias are caused by mutation... more Red blood cell disorders like Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) and β-thalassemias are caused by mutations within the gene for the hemoglobin β (HBβ) subunit. A fetal ortholog of HBβ, hemoglobin γ (HBγ) can prevent or reduce disease-related pathophysiology in these disorders by forming nonpathogenic complexes with the required hemoglobin α subunit. Globin expression is developmentally regulated, with a reduction in production of the fetal ortholog (γ) occurring shortly after birth and a concomitant increase in the levels of the adult ortholog (β). It has been postulated that maintaining expression of the anti-sickling γ ortholog may be of therapeutic benefit in children and adults with SCD. Indeed, individuals with the SCD mutation who also have genetic variants that maintain HBγ expression and the resulting fetal hemoglobin (HbF) tetramer at clinically meaningful levels do not present with SCD-related symptoms. Parallel target identification efforts using CRISPR and the Fulcrum proprietary...
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2020
Introduction: Increased mortality has been demonstrated in older adults with COVID-19, but the ef... more Introduction: Increased mortality has been demonstrated in older adults with COVID-19, but the effect of frailty has been unclear. Methods: This multi-centre cohort study involved patients aged 18 years and older hospitalised with COVID-19, using routinely collected data. We used Cox regression analysis to assess the impact of age, frailty, and delirium on the risk of inpatient mortality, adjusting for sex, illness severity, inflammation, and co-morbidities. We used ordinal logistic regression analysis to assess the impact of age, Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), and delirium on risk of increased care requirements on discharge, adjusting for the same variables. Results: Data from 5711 patients from 55 hospitals in 12 countries were included (median age 74, IQR 54 – 83; 55.2% male). The risk of death increased independently with increasing age (>80 vs 18-49: HR 3.57, CI 2.54 – 5.02), frailty (CFS 8 vs 1-3: HR 3.03, CI 2.29 – 4.00) inflammation, renal disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, but not delirium. Age, frailty (CFS 7 vs 1-3: OR 7.00, CI 5.27 – 9.32), delirium, dementia, and mental health diagnoses were all associated with increased risk of higher care needs on discharge. The likelihood of adverse outcomes increased across all grades of CFS from 4 to 9. Conclusions: Age and frailty are independently associated with adverse outcomes in COVID-19. Risk of increased care needs was also increased in survivors of COVID-19 with frailty or older age. Funding Statement: The Geriatric Medicine Research Collaborative has previously received funding from the British Geriatrics Society for administrative and running costs. No project specific funding was obtained for this research. MW and SR acknowledge support from the NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: Local, regional, and national approvals were obtained from all participating sites. In the UK, this study was registered as clinical audit or service evaluation, with approval granted in line with local information governance policies, in line with assessment and guidance by the Health Research Authority. At the lead site (University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust) this study was registered as clinical audit (CARMS-15986). In other countries, local principal investigators were responsible for obtaining approvals in line with their local, regional, and national guidelines and recommendations. Only routinely collected data was collected and patient care was not altered by this study. Anonymised data was securely transferred to the Birmingham Centre for Prospective and Observational Studies (BiCOPS), University of Birmingham via REDCap. All sites were required to confirm that approvals were in place prior to being provided with logins; written data sharing agreements were arranged where requested by individual sites.
Sustainability, 2019
This study analyzes seven bioeconomy sectors with the aim of establishing the leading contributin... more This study analyzes seven bioeconomy sectors with the aim of establishing the leading contributing sectors to gross domestic product (GDP), and also determines the future relationship between bioeconomy and the national economy in Japan. We use data from World Input–Output Database (WIOD), International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), and the World Bank Group for this analysis. First, we use principal component analysis (PCA) techniques to identify the bioeconomy sectors that contribute significantly to the national economy. We find through the PCA that all the bioeconomy sectors that we analyzed contribute almost uniformly and significantly to the national economy. We also find forestry and wood sectors to be the most significant contributing bioeconomy sectors. We use the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test to prove the existence of short-run and long-run relationships between bioeconomy and gross domestic product (GDP). We finally use the vector error correction Gr...
DEStech Transactions on Economics, Business and Management, 2019
Differential pricing strategy is one of the typical pricing strategies applied in practice, which... more Differential pricing strategy is one of the typical pricing strategies applied in practice, which is named for its potential price difference. Among them, second-degree price discrimination is widely used in real life as the pricing strategy most in line with the actual situation of the market. Under the condition of a typical non-linear supply function, this paper used the cost thought to realize the application of differential pricing method to the problem of second-degree price discrimination. The results show that the more segments of supply interval, the greater the cost increment of monopoly firms in the case of equal interval. At the same time, the relationship between the number of segments and the multiple of the maximum cost increase made by the market supervision department is obtained; in the state of complete competition, the static game analysis is made for the simultaneous decision-making situation of two oligarchic enterprises. When the market supervision department stipulates that the total cost of the two competitors in the market increases by at least times the maximum cost increment, the two firms can implement n segment pricing discrimination separately. And when the market share of the two firms is stable, the segment interval of differential pricing can be obtained.
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Papers by Kingsley Appiah