Sandor Markon

Kobe Institute of Computing, Graduate School of Information Technology, Faculty Member

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Trained as an Electrical Engineer in Budapest, received Ph.D. from Kyoto University. Worked at Fujitec Co. Ltd. in Japan. Now professor at Kobe Institute of Computing, CTO of Parity Innovations Co. Ltd., Elevator Evaluator at Better Living etc. Interests: optimization, IoT, optics, human-machine interfaces, AI, transportation, programming.

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Sandor Markon

Mike Preuss

Sandor Markon

Kaplan International Colleges

Mike Preuss

TU Dortmund

Michael Vrahatis

University of Patras

Adil Alpkocak

Dokuz Eylül University

Ali C Gedik

Dokuz Eylül University

Peter Stone

The University of Texas at Austin

Libin Raveendran

Thomas Bartz-Beielstein

Cologne University of Applied Sciences

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Papers by Sandor Markon

Thresholding-a selection operator for noisy ES

Proceedings of the 2001 Congress on Evolutionary Computation (IEEE Cat. No.01TH8546)

The starting point for the analysis and experiments presented in this paper is a simplified eleva... more The starting point for the analysis and experiments presented in this paper is a simplified elevator control problem, called 'S-ring'. As in many other real-world optimization problems, the exact fitness function evaluation is disturbed by noise. Evolution Strategies (ES) can generally cope with noisy fitness function values. It has been proposed that the 'plus'-strategy can find better solutions by keeping over-valued function values, thus preventing inferior offspring with fitness inflated by noise from being accepted. The 'plus'-strategy builds an implicit barrier around the current best population. We propose to make this barrier building process explicit and to employ a threshold value to be used in a selection operator for noisy fitness functions. 'Thresholding' accepts a new individual if its apparent fitness is better than that of the parent by at least the margin. First analytical investigations and empirical results from tests on the spheremodel and on 'S-ring' are presented in this paper.

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Tuning Search Algorithms

The optimization of complex real-world problemsmight benefit from well tuned algorithm's par... more The optimization of complex real-world problemsmight benefit from well tuned algorithm's parameters. We proposea methodology that performs this tuning in an effective andefficient algorithmical manner. This approach combines methodsfrom statistical design of experiments, regression analysis, designand analysis of computer experiments methods, and tree-basedregression. It can also be applied to analyze the influence ofdifferent operators or to compare the performance of differentalgorithms. An evolution strategy and ...

Mobile applications for real time information delivery on rapid bus transit systems in Tanzania

2017 Seventeenth International Conference on Advances in ICT for Emerging Regions (ICTer), 2017

Understanding the need for better service delivery with effective and efficient performance of a ... more Understanding the need for better service delivery with effective and efficient performance of a project, we conducted a study on the new Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The purpose was focusing on realizing the delivery of real time information to commuters and providing operators real time feedback from commuters and other stakeholders in the transportation industry, for better service. Our research uses mixed approaches on collecting data, both qualitative and quantitative techniques were used for a deeper understanding of the system and quality collection of necessary data. Statistical hypothesis testing was used in testing the collected data from the two surveys conducted before and after the use of the proposed solution. The conclusions show that giving commuters real time information on simple and mobile way has improved their commuting, also we could make many improvement to the system, due to the changes made by receiving real time feedbacks from ...

Context-oriented medical visualization with floating images

As the next stage of medical visualization technology with floating images, we are working on aug... more As the next stage of medical visualization technology with floating images, we are working on augmenting the volume slicing image with context information. We have developed a new optical system and a linear motor drive that allows scan- ning through the displayed volumetric area. By fast automated scanning of the display screen, we show the surrounding region of the volumetric image, so the afterimage puts the currently viewed slice into context. We expect that this helps forming a correct three-dimensional understanding. Another method we are trying out is to insert physical (3D-printed) objects into the view, overlayed with the volume slicing image. This is expected to work as a guide for the user when scanning through the images. We report on experiments with these techniques, and the evaluation of the system by a medical doctor.

Blood Vessel Mechanical Properties Related Vascular Deformation Model for Virtual-reality Catheter Simulator

The virtual-reality simulator assisted robotic catheter operation system plays important role in ... more The virtual-reality simulator assisted robotic catheter operation system plays important role in endovascular interventional surgery since it is able to provide image information for physicians. Based on patient-specific CT or MRI files, the vascular geometrical model is easily built in VR simulator. However, the geometrical model doesn’t satisfy the vessel deformation demand. In order to describe its deformation, firstly we adopt standard linear solid model (SLSM) to simulate vascular physical properties. Due to the fact that the parameters in SLSM are responsible for deformation, next we use to vascular elasticity analytical results to identify these parameters. As result, the parameters are related to vascular radius and material. Finally, through curvature estimation method on meshed surface, we have the knowledge of vascular radius corresponding discrete vessel surface. In this way, formulated vascular physical model in VR simulator is capable to deform according to vascular ra...

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エレベータ群管理システムの最近の動向 (CST コンペ・ソリューション発表, コンカレント工学一般, 及び, CST ソリューションコンペティション 2007 発表会)

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. CST, コンカレント工学, Jan 21, 2008

抄録エレベータ群管理システムの現状を, 新しいシステム構成や制御アルゴリズムの観点から報告する. 近年は評価指標の中心が従来の待ち時間最小化から輸送能力向上に移行する傾向があり, それに対応す... more 抄録エレベータ群管理システムの現状を, 新しいシステム構成や制御アルゴリズムの観点から報告する. 近年は評価指標の中心が従来の待ち時間最小化から輸送能力向上に移行する傾向があり, それに対応する代表的なシステム構成として以前からあったダブルデッキ・エレベータや乗り場行き先階登録方式システムへの挑戦者として, マルチカー・エレベータが脚光を浴びている. 新しいシステムの制御アルゴリズムには, 知的制御の様々な手法が提案されている状況と共に, エレベータ制御における最近の解析的な取り組みについてもふれる.

空中映像を使った手書きインタフェース

空中映像と空中音源の統合に関する研究

情報処理学会研究報告. HCI, ヒューマンコンピュータインタラクション研究会報告, Mar 14, 2012

抄録 The new optical deviceDCRA'can display floating images in free air1). The images are undi... more 抄録 The new optical deviceDCRA'can display floating images in free air1). The images are undistorted and can be observed at close range from different angles, thus they are suitable for hands-on interaction. However, the current device allows only small images and movement of objects can be difficult to recognize. It is known that combining sound with vision can enhance position sensing. We have investigated ways to place aerial sound sources inside the floating images, and developed a system using parametric speakers as ...

空気ジェットによる空中映像内触覚刺激に関する研究

情報処理学会研究報告. HCI, ヒューマンコンピュータインタラクション研究会報告, Mar 14, 2012

抄録新しい光学素子「2 面コーナーリフレクターアレイ」(DCRA) により, 物体や映像の歪みのない実像を空中投影できる. この様な空中映像に触れる時, 指位置の検出により新しいインタラクシ... more 抄録新しい光学素子「2 面コーナーリフレクターアレイ」(DCRA) により, 物体や映像の歪みのない実像を空中投影できる. この様な空中映像に触れる時, 指位置の検出により新しいインタラクションが可能となる. しかし, 空中映像に触れても触覚へのフィードバックがなく, 不自然な感覚を抱いてしまう. 我々はこの問題を解決するため, 空気ジェットによる触覚刺激装置を開発した. 発表では, 空中での触覚刺激実験について報告する.

遺伝的アルゴリズムによるマルチカーエレベータ制御ルールのシミュレーションベースド最適化

計測自動制御学会論文集, Apr 30, 2004

Algorithm Based Validation of a Simplified Elevator Group Controller Model

The S-ring was introduced as a benchmark problem to enable a comparison of ESGC algorithms, indep... more The S-ring was introduced as a benchmark problem to enable a comparison of ESGC algorithms, independently of specific elevator configurations [BFM00, Bey01]. Results from Kyoto, Japan, August 25-28, 2003 ??-2 MIC2003: The Fifth Metaheuristics International Conference the S-ring, obtained with low computational costs, should be transferable to more complicate ESGC models. In the following, we will present different techniques to answer the question whether the S-ring is a simplified, but valid ESGC simulation model. We propose a new validation methodology that takes the optimization algorithm for the simulation model into account. Tuning the optimization algorithm on the simplified simulation model results in a good parameter setting for the optimization algorithm, that is also applicable to the complex simulation model. Thus, improved algorithm parameter settings obtained from simulation results on the S-ring should be transferable to real ESGC problems. S-ring simulations might give valuable hints for the optimization of highly complex elevator group controller optimization tasks. The elements of this algorithm based validation method are shown in Fig. 2. This paper is organized as follows: in Section 2, the ESGC problem is introduced. Section 3 discusses different validation techniques. A concrete numerical example is presented in Sec. 4. Section 5 gives a summary and an outlook.

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Control of Traffic Systems in Buildings: Applications of Modern Supervisory and Optimal Control (Advances in Industrial Control)

Control of Traffic Systems in Buildings, focusing on elevator groups, presents the state of the a... more Control of Traffic Systems in Buildings, focusing on elevator groups, presents the state of the art in their analysis and control. It covers the theory and design of passenger and cargo traffic systems with actual operational examples and topics of current interest such as: noisy, on-line and algorithmic optimization, identification and tracking of loads, integration of control with security and management, medium-and wide-area networked control, deployment and testing of transport systems. Workers in elevator control have pioneered ...

自律分散型超高層ビル内搬送システムのためのエージェント間協調手法の検討

Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers, 2000

Vertical transportation in buildings is mainly dealt with elevators. In high-rise buildings, such... more Vertical transportation in buildings is mainly dealt with elevators. In high-rise buildings, such transportation is quite expensive because the elevators occupy large floor area and labor cost is consumed only for transportation. So as to improve the quality of vertical transportation service and to reduce the cost for it, the authors have proposed to separate transportation of human and material handling in high-rise buildings, and proposed an automatic material handling system consisting of autonomous guiding vehicle (AGV)s and elevators. In the present paper, control strategies of the automatic material handling system are discussed. Concept of autonomous decentralized systems is introduced, and a control strategy of multi-agent type is adopted. For cooperation among the agents such as the AGVs and the elevators, the contract net protocol (CNP) is adopted. Performance of the system is enhanced by neural networks for estimation of accurate completion time, and genetic algorithms for refinement of the bidding scheme taking various factors into consideration in CNP.

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The use of augmented reality in the maintenance of mechanical objects

2017 International Conference on Applied System Innovation (ICASI), 2017

In Kenya, like in most of Africa, many of the existing industries are aged. Due to insufficient r... more In Kenya, like in most of Africa, many of the existing industries are aged. Due to insufficient resources, maintaining these Industries becomes a challenge. It is important to note that most, if not all, of these industries are key drivers of the economies of these countries. Maintenance of these industries thus becomes a key activity to ensure economic growth. Training of engineers to completely support the industries is also a challenge because of limited resources. Currently engineers have to refer to paper manuals inside the industries as they work and this manuals are getting damaged and hence risk losing the maintenance data. This paper proposes the use of augmented reality technology to be able to provide guidance to engineers as they carry out maintenance activities on equipment. This should be able to improve the quality and accuracy of maintenance activities as per the original equipment manufacturer's (OEM) instructions. This small investment in technology can have an...

Exemplar-based Control of Multi-Car Elevators and its Multi-Objective Optimization using Genetic Algorithm

Multi-Car Elevator (MCE) is the novel system and attracts attention for improvement of transporta... more Multi-Car Elevator (MCE) is the novel system and attracts attention for improvement of transportation in highrise buildings, but the design of controller for MCE is very difficult engineering problem. In this paper, the works of the authors are summarized: The control of MCE is divided to four phases and the assignment of a car to a hall-call is focused. The exemplar-based policy is used for the assignment, the policy is evaluated through discrete event simulation, and the parameter is optimized by genetic algorithm. To design traffic-sensitive controller, multi-objective optimization is utilized. Finally a policy visualization method is proposed for analyzing how the policy works.

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A solvable simplified model for elevator group control studies

2015 IEEE 4th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE), 2015

We describe in some detail the technique of using a simplified model of a complex discrete dynami... more We describe in some detail the technique of using a simplified model of a complex discrete dynamic system, in our case an elevator group control system, as a benchmark for control and optimization studies. The simplified system is constructed in a way that balances between two conflicting requirements: it retains the most important dynamical characteristics of the target system; but at the same time it allows exact solution by algorithmic methods. As a concrete example, we show the derivation of the "S-ring" model from a formal model of elevator group supervisory control, describe the solution process, and illustrate using the exact solution to benchmark some optimization methods. We also describe one variant, the "S-lane" model, and show its solution, as an example of extending the technique to related other problems.

A mobile cloud-based radiation monitoring system for citizens

2015 IEEE Region 10 Humanitarian Technology Conference (R10-HTC), 2015

Kobe City has been devastated by the huge HanshinAwaji Earthquake in 1995. Ever since, Kobe citiz... more Kobe City has been devastated by the huge HanshinAwaji Earthquake in 1995. Ever since, Kobe citizens had been active in disaster-related activities, calling on their personal experiences and strong personal commitment. Here we report on an initiative of Kobe Institute of Computing (KIC). Our system aims at giving citizens a monitoring capability of environmental radiation levels, to allow an independent confirmation besides the information provided by the government. The system is based on a newly developed, extremely high performance radiation detector, that enables rapid but precise measurements even on moving vehicles. We describe the technology, and we also show test results of real-time monitoring experiments obtained through collaboration with the NPO organization “Bikers Emergency Response Team” (BERT) [1]. We further consider the problem of efficient coverage of areas with the monitors, and for future monitoring work we propose a quantitative formulation of the route planning, that can be solved as a numerical optimization problem.

105 Optimization of Elevator Group Supervisory Control System by Genetic Network Programming

The Proceedings of the Elevator, Escalator and Amusement Rides Conference

； Evolutionary Computation (EC) which rnodcls the mechanisms in evolution ofbiology has been stud... more ； Evolutionary Computation (EC) which rnodcls the mechanisms in evolution ofbiology has been stud − ied and applied to various real world systems recently ． Among them ， Elcvator Group Supervisery Control System (EGSCS) is one of them and practical applications of it by Genetic Algorithn (GA) ， have bじen reported ． On the other hand， Genetic Network Programming (GNP) has been proposed as a new method of evolutionary computa − tion recently ． GNP consists ofa directed graph， so it is expected to r 。alize the erncient perforrnances foT EGSCS ．

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A Simplified Elevator Model

Development of an ES algorithm capable of optimizing the neuro-controller of an elevator group controller

Thresholding-a selection operator for noisy ES

Proceedings of the 2001 Congress on Evolutionary Computation (IEEE Cat. No.01TH8546)

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Tuning Search Algorithms