Papers by dr shama mashhood
Pak J Surg 2017; 33(2): 140-145, 2017
To assess the adequacy of ophthalmology undergraduate curriculum as perceived by interns working ... more To assess the adequacy of ophthalmology undergraduate curriculum as perceived by interns working in a tertiary care setting of Pakistan.
Ophthalmology update Vol 16 No. 3, 2018
To identify the strength and weakness in educational environment of the institute as perceived by... more To identify the strength and weakness in educational environment of the institute as perceived by the students.
Pak J Surg 2018; 34(1):36-40, 2018
Objective: To identify the preferred learning style of fi rst year medical students at Karachi Me... more Objective: To identify the preferred learning style of fi rst year medical students at Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi. Material and Methods:A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted amongst fi rst year medical students of Karachi Medical & Dental College, Karachi. VARK questionnaire was used to determine the learning style.Ethical approval was granted by the ethical committ ee of KMDC. Results:A total of 210 students participated in study. Completed questionnaire were returned by 199 students with response rate of 94.7%. Majority of study group comprised of women 86.94%(173) while men accounted for 13.06%(26). Male to female ratio was 1:6.65. Most preferred individual VARK learning style was kinesthetic(95.47%) followed by auditory(80.40%), visual(70.85%) and reading/writing(57.28%). Multi-modal learning style was preferred by 98.5% with Tri-modal as the most preferred combination comprising of 51.26% followed by Quad-modal 27.14% and Bi-modal 20.10%. Most prevalent Tri-modal combination among study group was KA V (Kinesthetic-Auditory-Visual) with frequency of 50.98%. Uni-modal was the least preferred style of learning comprising of 1.5%. No statistically significant diff erence of learning style was found between men and women (p=0.195). Kinesthetic was found to be the most preferred individual VARK style with mean score of 6.51±2.47. Conclusion: Majority of medical students irrespective of gender prefer to learn through using all sensory modalities. Bett er understanding of learning characteristics of students necessitates modifi cations in teaching strategies. Using multisensory approach of teaching through use of active learning strategies helps in bett er understanding and eff ective learning to take place.
Pak J Surg 2023; 39(1):57-62, 2023
To assess the readiness of medical students towards e-learning before initiating online education... more To assess the readiness of medical students towards e-learning before initiating online education. Material and Methods: Th e study was conducted to fi rst year medical students, whom will be taught a theoretical part of medicine. A 26-item questionnaire was administered to fi rst year MBBS medical students of Karachi Medical and Dental College (KMDC), Karachi Pakistan before starting online medical education in order to assess their readiness towards e-learning. Diff erent domains of e-learning were assessed. Th e questionnaire assessed technical abilities, study habits, communication skills, and learning styles of students required for e-learning. Response to each question was obtained over a 5-point Likert scale. Results: 181-completed eligible responses were analysed out of which 9.94% (n=18) were male and 90.05% (n=163) female. Students were found highly competent in their technical expertise in computer and internet with score of 11.41. Th ey possess good study habits conducive to e-learning refl ected by score of 11.55. Th eir communication skills were found suited with score of 7.54 but required to improve them. With a score of 6.61, their learning styles were found adequately aligned to online learning. Readiness score of our students, of all domains was 37.11. Conclusion: Required technical skills for readiness of our students for online education were found adequate. Further research is required to identify factors with negative eff ect and to modify them in order to move forward from emergency remote teaching to high quality online education.
Pak J Surg 2021; 37(3):206-211, 2021
Vitamin D is identifi ed to have an important association with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Several... more Vitamin D is identifi ed to have an important association with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Several vitro and vivo studies support this evidence. Diabetic retinopathy is identifi ed as one of the leading causes of blindness. Diabetic retinopathy poses economic and social
implications. Visual loss secondary to diabetic retinopathy is avoidable and/or treatable with
timely intervention. Diff erent risk factors have been identifi ed for causing diabetic retinopathy. Recently, vitamin-D is also identifi ed as a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy in patients
suff ering from diabetes mellitus type-II. Large number of studies has identifi ed vitamin D defi ciency in diff erent countries aff ecting all ages. Where several studies have found correlation
of vitamin-D defi ciency with diabetic retinopathy, some studies have found no relationship
between vitamin-D defi ciency and diabetic retinopathy.
1995 P J M H S Vol. 15, NO.8 , 2021
Aim: To assess the necessity to review the Oral pathology curriculum, based on the expert opinion... more Aim: To assess the necessity to review the Oral pathology curriculum, based on the expert opinion of faculty members of oral pathology of Karachi. Methods: In this cross-sectional study the data was collected by non-probability sampling technique from different colleges of Karachi. Distribution of the online questionnaire regarding curriculum of oral pathology was made through Google online forms. Questionnaire was only filled by oral pathology specialists/ experts/faculty of dental colleges of different cities after taking their verbal consent. Inclusion criteria was Oral pathology faculty members from all Pakistan Medical Council affiliated colleges having undergraduate BDS program. Results: Males were 22(66.7%). Among the respondents, 40.62% were Assistant Professor, followed by Demonstrator 31.25% and Associate professor 28.12%. Among participants, approximately 13(39.4%) agreed that the PMC syllabus is non-specific. Topic selection is difficult for 12(36.4%) participants. About 21(63.6%) thought that an extensive Oral Pathology syllabus is needed. Reviews for the inclusion of general pathology topics scored 14(42.4%) disagreement. About 11(33.3%) reported having missing Oral Pathology topics in the curriculum. Majority 18(54.5%) agreed to revise the curriculum. Conclusion: It has been concluded that faculty members of oral pathology recommend a high necessity to review the Oral pathology curriculum in Pakistan. By gathering modifications within the existing program of curriculum, it can be made more intriguing and systematized for students.
Life and Science
Objective: Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of blindness that occurs secondary t... more Objective: Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of blindness that occurs secondary to diabetesmellitus. Besides having serious effects on the retina, diabetes has also been found to affect the hearing sense.The aim of our study was to identify any correlation of hearing impairment with diabetic retinopathy in patientssuffering from Type 2 diabetes mellitus.Study Design: A Retrospective study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the outpatient Otorhinolaryngology andOphthalmology clinics of Mohsin Family Health Clinic, Federal B Area of Karachi, Pakistan, from July 2016 toJune 2019.Materials and Methods: Retrospective data analysis was performed using non-probability purposive sampling.The demographic data, diabetic retinopathy and Hearing status were collected and analyzed using SPSS 20.0 inpatients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus.Results: The mean age of patients was 60.65±7.35 and the duration of diabetes was 6.76±3.52. Diabeticretinopathy...
ANNALS OF ABBASI SHAHEED HOSPITAL AND KARACHI MEDICAL & DENTAL COLLEGE, Sep 14, 2021
Purpose: To determine the efficacy of 1% atropine eye drops in control of myopia progression. Met... more Purpose: To determine the efficacy of 1% atropine eye drops in control of myopia progression. Methods: This was a Case control study, conducted at the Mohsin Family Health Clinic, Block-16, Federal B Area, Karachi, during January 2018 to December 2019. A total of 194 (97 cases and 97 controls) cases were included in the study by the calculation of online software openepi.com. The Treatment Group was given 1% atropine eye drops while Control Group received no treatment. The follow-up of all the cases was carried out according to the follow-up schedule for a total period of one year. All the demographic data, clinical findings and the follow-up results were recorded on a proforma designed for the study, and the results were tabulated. Results: A total of 194 children age 6-15 with best corrected visual acuity 6/6 were recruited in this study. Half of the children were included in treatment group who received once a day application of 1% atropine eye drops at bedtime. The other half re...
Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College
Objective: To find a relationship between serum level of vitamin D with diabetic retinopathy and ... more Objective: To find a relationship between serum level of vitamin D with diabetic retinopathy and hearing loss in patients with diabetes mellitus type2. Study design and setting: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Ophthalmology, ENT and family physician Outpatient clinic of Mohsin Consultant Clinic Federal B Area, Karachi from study was April 2019 to December 2019. Methodology: Total 181 eligible type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Complete ophthalmological, ENT and physical evaluation was carried out. Retinopathy and hearing status were recorded and were compared to serum 25-OH Vitamin D levels to find any association. SPSS version 23.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: Mean age of participants were found to be 60.56±7.3 (SD). When diabetic retinopathy status and hearing status was compared, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients with normal hearing were 24(42.1%), with mild hearing 32(56.1%) and only 1(1.8%) with moderate-severe hearing loss was observed wit...
Faculty are considered to be the backbone of any institute and their training and development are... more Faculty are considered to be the backbone of any institute and their training and development are necessary for progressive growth of an educational organization. This necessity has been the focus of a lot of medical education research, resulting in a number of faculty development models concentrating on the methodology of program planning and implementation. Such models are mostly linear considering faculty development to be a onetime measure. However, there exists a clear distinction between faculty development and faculty training and in its true sense faculty development should emphasize on individual faculty growth over the long term synonymously with direct short-term goals related to faculty work. This idea encouraged us to develop a new model for FD to reinvent the way we approach faculty development and consider FD as a continuous cyclical process, rather than just a linear model. We conducted a qualitative study based on phenomenological observations, leading to the develo...
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Papers by dr shama mashhood
implications. Visual loss secondary to diabetic retinopathy is avoidable and/or treatable with
timely intervention. Diff erent risk factors have been identifi ed for causing diabetic retinopathy. Recently, vitamin-D is also identifi ed as a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy in patients
suff ering from diabetes mellitus type-II. Large number of studies has identifi ed vitamin D defi ciency in diff erent countries aff ecting all ages. Where several studies have found correlation
of vitamin-D defi ciency with diabetic retinopathy, some studies have found no relationship
between vitamin-D defi ciency and diabetic retinopathy.
implications. Visual loss secondary to diabetic retinopathy is avoidable and/or treatable with
timely intervention. Diff erent risk factors have been identifi ed for causing diabetic retinopathy. Recently, vitamin-D is also identifi ed as a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy in patients
suff ering from diabetes mellitus type-II. Large number of studies has identifi ed vitamin D defi ciency in diff erent countries aff ecting all ages. Where several studies have found correlation
of vitamin-D defi ciency with diabetic retinopathy, some studies have found no relationship
between vitamin-D defi ciency and diabetic retinopathy.