Papers by MD. F A R U Q U Z Z A M A N AKAN
World Journal of English Language, 2024
The focal point of this research work is to find out the lexical distinctions between British and... more The focal point of this research work is to find out the lexical distinctions between British and American varieties of English and their persistently reciprocal impacts. Over the years, both the British and American vocabularies have been influencing each other, specially due to politics, economics, diplomatic relationships, information technology and globalisation. From time to time, the variance of vocabulary in the two varieties results in increasing the number of English synonyms which is, in fact, an important asset for the language. But sometimes, the synonyms may cause serious differences in meaning as some words may mean something in British English; the same may denote something else in American English and vice versa. One should, therefore, be careful and consistent about their use. It is most probable that as a result of various procedures of the change in lexical meaning and language, the two varieties would someday merge by turning them into an identical entity. So, this paper intends to provide the reader and/or the user of English with the correct application of the two varieties for our day-today life.
Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language Research, 2017
This research aims at investigating to what extent Fourth Year B. A. students of English at diffe... more This research aims at investigating to what extent Fourth Year B. A. students of English at different universities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia do not understand the contextual meaning when they read a written discourse. In this research, the quantitative method as well as the questionnaire has been adopted as a tool for collecting data relevant to the study. Here, the importance of comprehensive reading in understanding the contextual meaning of a written discourse is also brought to the light. The sample of this study comprises one hundred participants working as English language teachers at different Saudi universities. The scores obtained from the questionnaire have been compared and the results reveal that the students encountered difficulties in using comprehensive reading. The results which are obtained from the questionnaire also indicate that there is a significantly high difference in score among the students. Therefore, this points out that the fourth year university st...
A Compendium of British English vs. American English
In these days of globalization and open market, the need and demand for learning English have bec... more In these days of globalization and open market, the need and demand for learning English have become much more than ever before. So, all of us should know English well so as to communicate with the world’s people as English is a very common and popular international lingua franca. Though English has a number of varieties, even it can also vary dramatically within countries, two of it – British English (BrE) and American English (AmE) – are the well-liked and widely used by the people of the world. But it is very unfortunate that we often notice there are even some people who often misuse as well as misunderstand British and America English. British English, usually the ‘Standard form’ refers to the Queen’s English, the BBC English, the Oxford English or the Received Pronunciation. Although American English is the language of the U.S. people, it has lately got more influence in the world affairs because of the fall of the then USSR and as an impact of globalization. The differences b...
This research paper unfolds some major difficulties in translating English into Arabic. As transl... more This research paper unfolds some major difficulties in translating English into Arabic. As translation is one of the most complex and subtle areas of language studies, translators must be aware of both the surface and underlying relations within a given discourse for their important contribution to the formation of connected and coherent stretches of language. Through translation, the characteristic elements are also transferred from one language into the other. So, translation from English to Arabic or vice versa creates a lot of problems because these two languages are of different and distant origins. On the other hand, translation between two languages from the same origin has fewer difficulties.
A Compendium of British English vs. American English
In these days of globalization and open market, the need and demand for learning English have bec... more In these days of globalization and open market, the need and demand for learning English have become much more than ever before. So, all of us should know English well so as to communicate with the world’s people as English is a very common and popular international lingua franca. Though English has a number of varieties, even it can also vary dramatically within countries, two of it – British English (BrE) and American English (AmE) – are the well-liked and widely used by the people of the world. But it is very unfortunate that we often notice there are even some people who often misuse as well as misunderstand British and America English. British English, usually the ‘Standard form’ refers to the Queen’s English, the BBC English, the Oxford English or the Received Pronunciation. Although American English is the language of the U.S. people, it has lately got more influence in the world affairs because of the fall of the then USSR and as an impact of globalization. The differences between the two variants are not a lot but minimum. Since a comprehensive study or survey has not yet been done, we can distinguish them from a few points of view i.e. spelling, vocabulary, pronun
JOURNAL OF SOUTHWEST JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY, 2023
This research gains insights from a group of key players in translation assessment to evaluate th... more This research gains insights from a group of key players in translation assessment to evaluate the degree of impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on translation quality assessment and evaluation. The article also interrogates how the quality of source text significantly affects the accuracy of AI-assisted translation quality evaluation and how the model of AI-assisted evaluation tool used in assessment affects the evaluation accuracy. The study sample includes 450 key players in translation evaluation, including 200 professional translators, 150 postgraduate students in translation studies, and 100 foreign language learners who frequently use AI-powered tools to improve their language skills. A questionnaire was distributed across the study sample through digital means, and the analysis was conducted using various measuring tools such as percentages, mean, and standard deviation. The results lead to the acceptance of the three hypotheses. Over 75% of the sample affirmed that the use of AI in translation quality assessment amounts to a significant improvement in evaluation accuracy. The results further revealed that the quality of the source text significantly affects the accuracy of AI-assisted translation quality evaluation. Finally, over 61% of the respondents accepted that the type of AI-assisted evaluation model used significantly affects the translation quality evaluation accuracy. It is thus concluded that AI models remain significant in enhancing translation quality assessment; however, the expertise of the evaluators and the quality of the source text play key roles.
Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 2023
This study addresses some significant issues related to Bangla-Arabic translation and their possi... more This study addresses some significant issues related to Bangla-Arabic translation and their possible solutions. It describes the types of translation and the role played by the translator in the overall process. As translation is a complex and a subtle area of language studies, translators must be conscious of all the probable professional intricacies. They primarily deal with the meanings; however, they also manipulate the transfer of all the corresponding characteristic elements of the source language into the target one. Translation from Bangla to Arabic is more complicated since it manages two languages with entirely different origins. The bulk of the complications in translation arises because of the fundamental differences between the two languages' grammar, lexicon, usage, stylistics and phonology. This research tries to equip the Bangla-Arabic translators with the necessary knowledge about the related problems and the skills that may help them find smart solutions. Finally, some practical recommendations are given to the experts as well as student translators and feasible suggestions are also extended to the future researchers.
Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2023
This research work sets out to explore the major distinctions between Arabic and Bangla-the langu... more This research work sets out to explore the major distinctions between Arabic and Bangla-the languages with unidentical origins. Comparing and analyzing the various features of these two languages requires huge linguistic expertise in the respective fields as it is a most complicated job for anyone to accomplish. Arabic and Bangla are two of the leading languages of the world, specially in terms of their number of speakers and the growing demands. As Arabic and Bangla are from unalike families of languages, they differ a lot in the word class, grammar, pronunciation, usage and so forth. The sentence in Arabic is divided into two types: verbal i.e. V+S+C and nominal i.e. S+C; while the typical Bangla sentence pattern is inflexion-based i.e. S+C+V. Like any other vocalized languages, Bangla has eleven vowels, but Arabic has no such vowels since Arabic alphabet is considered an 'abjad' (i.e. 'أبجدية' /aːbʤadiah/) meaning a 'consonantal alphabet' and so the syllable is often formed without any vowels. Moreover, Arabic writing starts from right to left, whereas Bangla is from left to right. Despite all these differences, Arabic and Bangla have some similarities as well. For instance, they do not have any differences between the upper case and the lower case. Besides, Arabic and Bangla are phonetic and rhotic languages. Nevertheless, there are a few more minor differences between Arabic and Bangla. Hence, this paper is intended to provide the learners, users, as well as teachers of the two languages with some important facts and findings which are often faced in writing, speaking and translating.
Journal Language Teaching & Research, 2023
This study addresses some significant issues related to Bangla-Arabic translation and their possi... more This study addresses some significant issues related to Bangla-Arabic translation and their possible solutions. It describes the types of translation and the role played by the translator in the overall process. As translation is a complex and a subtle area of language studies, translators must be conscious of all the probable professional intricacies. They primarily deal with the meanings; however, they also manipulate the transfer of all the corresponding characteristic elements of the source language into the target one. Translation from Bangla to Arabic is more complicated since it manages two languages with entirely different origins. The bulk of the complications in translation arises because of the fundamental differences between the two languages' grammar, lexicon, usage, stylistics and phonology. This research tries to equip the Bangla-Arabic translators with the necessary knowledge about the related problems and the skills that may help them find smart solutions. Finally, some practical recommendations are given to the experts as well as student translators and feasible suggestions are also extended to the future researchers.
Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 2023
This study addresses some significant issues related to Bangla-Arabic translation and their possi... more This study addresses some significant issues related to Bangla-Arabic translation and their possible solutions. It describes the types of translation and the role played by the translator in the overall process. As translation is a complex and subtle area of language studies, translators must be conscious of all the probable professional intricacies. They primarily deal with the meanings; however, they also manipulate the transfer of all the corresponding characteristic elements of the source language into the target one. Translation from Bangla to Arabic is more complicated since it manages two languages with entirely different origins. The bulk of the complications in translation arises because of the fundamental differences between the two languages' grammar, lexicon, usage, stylistics and phonology. This research tries to equip the Bangla-Arabic translators with the necessary knowledge about the related problems and the skills that may help them find smart solutions. Finally, some practical recommendations are given to the experts as well as student translators and feasible suggestions are also extended to the future researchers.
Philosophy and Progress, 2006
In recent decades, the standard of English in Bangladesh has fallen to a great extent. We are ser... more In recent decades, the standard of English in Bangladesh has fallen to a great extent. We are seriously lagging behind in today's competitive world mainly for poor knowledge in English. We shifted the position of English from ESL (i.e. English as a Second Language) to EFL (i.e. English as a Foreign Language) after the War of Liberation in 1971. And we started neglecting learning English-the most common lingua franca of the world. In this situation, some English medium schools became heavily preoccupied with the teaching of English without proper linguistic competence and at the same time neglecting our own mother tongue as well as our culture. Earlier, the Grammar Translation Method (i.e. GTM) was followed in the teaching procedure of English and students tried to learn the rules of English grammar and translate from mother language to the target language and vice versa. Now the Communicative Approach has been introduced in our course and curriculum but without any noticeable improvements. There may be two ways for developing language: (i) acquisition and (ii) learning. Here, learners face two problems,
Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 2021
This research paper explores much of the basic and background knowledge of English and Bangla (i.... more This research paper explores much of the basic and background knowledge of English and Bangla (i.e. Bengali) sentence patterns as well as tries to compare and contrast between these two very languages of identical origin at the sentential level. Since it is known the concept of basic sentence structures is necessary for classroom teaching and learning to perceive the subtleties of language at the highest unit of grammar, this study is expected to facilitate the understanding of bilingual relationship between English and Bangla (as a native/foreign language) for researchers, teachers, learners and/or speakers of both the languages. The ideas drawn from the findings in this paper will also help one in the field of translating amid these two languages which is pedagogically very significant as well. For a few dissimilarities, we often notice greatly faulty grammatical constructions both in English and Bangla when learners or users shift from one to another. So, this study of the two types of sentence patterns along with their components will be of considerable use to many, specially to those who teach, learn or use these languages.
International Journal of Comparative Literature & Translation Studies, 2020
The current research paper details a number of essential issues and aspects of English to Bangla ... more The current research paper details a number of essential issues and aspects of English to Bangla translation by investigating the challenges and tries to find out some potential means to solve the problems often encountered. Translation is a most intricate and delicate job that usually associates various phases of language. So, a translator must be aware of both the surface and underlying relations of language because any translation should have the same virtues as the original and inspire the same responses in its readers in the new language. In translation, we translate or transfer 'meaning'-the product of various language components-from the source language (i.e. English) into the target language (i.e. Bangla). Translation from English to Bangla creates scores of difficulties although they are of the same origin. Translation is a multi-step process where all the problems could fall under five major areas of language: syntactic, semantic, stylistic, phonological and usage. This research focuses on the pragmatic discourses and analyses of translating English into Bangla.
Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 2019
This research paper is designed with a view to looking into various problems of translating Arabi... more This research paper is designed with a view to looking into various problems of translating Arabic texts into English and fixing them with prospective and suitable solutions. As translation is a very sensitive and subtle task of language studies, it involves some serious issues to deal with. However, it becomes a more complex task when we translate from Arabic to English. So, a translator must have the critical linguistic knowledge in tackling both the surface and underlying relations of language. Translation also entails the transferring and transforming a variety of characteristic elements from one language into the other. As Arabic and English are of different and distant origins, any translation from one script into the other poses a lot of difficulties, such as in the areas of vocabulary, grammar, sound, style and usage. The present paper addresses the problems relating to translating the Arabic texts, specially of the language, into English as well as resolving the obstructions in a practical, possible and acceptable way on the bases of types of readership, text, context, culture and so forth. To make this work more accessible to the nonnative users of the Arabic language, Arabic IPA transcriptions are furnished wherever necessary.
British Journal of English Linguistics, 2018
The current paper exemplifies the significance and explores the complexity of transliteration and... more The current paper exemplifies the significance and explores the complexity of transliteration and translation in the domain of language and linguistics. Because of the differences in grammar, semantics, phonetics, phonology, usage as well as stylistic features of the two languages– Bangla and English– we often come across some defective linguistic production. However, this is always a very tough task and confronted with various issues. Since it is a most complex, sensitive and subtle area of language studies, one must be aware of both the surface and underlying relations of language. The characteristic elements are also transferred from one language into the other. Sometimes, the translation of a few names and expressions seems to be unnecessary, unwise and/or confusing as they are already well-fixed, well-known and recognized by the people for a long span of time. Here, we may employ the tool known as transliteration. Transliteration and translation from Bangla into English, or vice versa create a number of problems though they are from the same origin-the Indo-European language family. This research focuses and investigates the intricate issues of transliteration and translation from the source language (i.e. Bangla) into the target language (i.e. English) and tries to find apt solutions on the basis of a need-based analysis and argument. To make the paper more reader-friendly and help the non-native users conceive better, practical examples and necessary English meanings are provided.
International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation
In this paper, the challenges of translating Arabic texts into Bangla and finding the possible me... more In this paper, the challenges of translating Arabic texts into Bangla and finding the possible means are tried to a greater extent. Translation is at all times a very tough task and confronted with various issues. As translation is one of the most intricate and subtle areas of language studies, a translator must be aware of both the surface and underlying relations of language. Here, the characteristic elements are also transferred from one language into the other. Translation from Arabic to Bangla or vice versa creates a lot of difficulties because these two languages are of different and distant origins though it poses fewer problems between languages from the same origin. However, most of the problems of translation fall in five major areas of language: syntactic, semantic, stylistic, phonological and usage. Therefore, the present paper focuses on the need-based study and analysis of translating Arabic, specially the language, into Bangla. To make this work more attention-grabbing and accessible to the non-native users of these two languages, examples and information are chosen from real-life situations.
European Journal of Literature, Language and Linguistics Studies, 2018
This research paper unfolds some major difficulties in translating English into Arabic. As transl... more This research paper unfolds some major difficulties in translating English into Arabic. As translation is one of the most complex and subtle areas of language studies, translators must be aware of both the surface and underlying relations within a given discourse for their important contribution to the formation of connected and coherent stretches of language. Through translation, the characteristic elements are also transferred from one language into the other. So, translation from English to Arabic or vice versa creates a lot of problems because these two languages are of different and distant origins. On the other hand, translation between two languages from the same origin has fewer difficulties to deal with.
Bulletin of Advanced English Studies, 2018
The aim and objective of this research is to find out the language students' factors, the context... more The aim and objective of this research is to find out the language students' factors, the contexts' factors, their influences on the whole process of language development and finally to look for some possible solutions. It is worth mentioning that a particular factor can be a barrier for one student although it may ond or foreign language, is basically a complex and tiring job. According to Professor Stephen D. Krashen, we have two widely known and well-accepted means to develop language: 'acquisition' and ' learning '. Acquiring language is a natural process, whereas learning language is a training-based activity. During the time of language development, students confront various issues or factors viz. personal, social, biological, political, cultural, economic, academic and so on. Further researches show that after puberty or the critical period, students face some issues and there are facts that all individuals are different from one another. In the early 1960's, there was an upsurge of interest in individual characteristics. All these issues that affect developing language can broadly be categorized as internal and external factors. To assist the students of language, their initial errors in developing language should be allowed and corrected with a tact and sympathy. So, to discover a shortcut remedy for removing and/or minimizing all factors of language developers and teaching the target language is not an effortless work.
Journal of English Language Teaching and Linguistics, 2017
This research paper attempts to focus on the main and major differences and idiosyncrasies of gra... more This research paper attempts to focus on the main and major differences and idiosyncrasies of grammar and grammar related issues in British and American English. These differences have a great influence on learning and using the English language. In fact, British and American English are one language having two (slightly) different grammars. Although there is a popular notion about American English to be more simplified and flexible, we have to keep it in mind about the subtleties, complexities and identifications too. American English is now different from its British mother and we could say it is more than another dialect due to its importance as well as control over the world affairs at present. The fall of the then USSR, the US popular media, open market, globalization, the internet etc have made American English more powerful than ever before. But still today, the number of British English users is more than that of American English. Sometimes, it is noticed by and large that the misuse and the misconception in handling these two major varieties of English pose various problems. So, the main concern of this current paper is to remove the possible mistakes and confusions about the two different but related varieties of English, specially in most of the areas of grammar, syntax and the like.
Journal of English Language Teaching and Linguistics, 2017
To approach the very questions 'how' and 'how far' linguistics helps language teaching, we have t... more To approach the very questions 'how' and 'how far' linguistics helps language teaching, we have to examine, analyze and evaluate them critically from various viewpoints. It is well-noted that inguistics and language teaching have the same subject matter to deal with. Though linguistics is the scientific study of language, it has some specific role to play in the process of language teaching from the earlier to the modern times. Corder (1975:143) says, "… the relevance of theoretical linguistics to language teaching is indirect and it is not the task of a theoretical linguist to say what relevance it may have. This is the field of applied linguistics". According to the American linguist Noam Chomsky and some others, applied linguistics has a direct relationship with language teaching which is a pragmatic process and cannot take place in a total isolation. It takes help from various related sources and fields such as general, educational and social psychology; sociology, social anthropology and so on. Here, linguistics provides a language teacher with effective tools. However, Bollinger (1975a:22) states, "Language teaching is not linguistics, any more than medicine is chemistry…". The importance of linguistics in language teaching was noticed forthwith for the first time during the Second World War. So, the aim and object of this research paper is to make the role of linguistics apparent in teaching both foreign languages and any first languages or mother tongues.
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Papers by MD. F A R U Q U Z Z A M A N AKAN