Chinaza G Awuchi

Kampala International University, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Faculty Member

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Awuchi, CG is a Lecturer, Research Fellow, and Editor with research interests in Food Chemistry, Food Science and Technology, Biotechnology, Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Nutritional Biochemistry, Medicinal plants and phytochemicals, Biochemistry and Physiology of Human Nutrition, Brewing Science and Technology, Food Analysis and Instrumentation, Analytical Chemistry, Public Health Nutrition, Experimental Nutrition, Nutrition and Toxicology, Food Engineering, Water Treatment and Management, International Community Nutrition, Food Waste Management, etc. Currently, Chinaza G. Awuchi is undertaking research in various areas related to his expertise and research interests. ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5071-8895. Scopus ID: 57222542692

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Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University

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Mae Fah Luang University

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North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University

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Iowa State University

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Fayoum University

Mohamed Morsy

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Papers by Chinaza G Awuchi

Egg shelf life can be extended using varied proportions of polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan composite coatings

Food Science & Nutrition, 2023

Using biopolymers in the form of edible coating as egg eco-friendly packaging is a progressive ap... more Using biopolymers in the form of edible coating as egg eco-friendly packaging is a progressive approach. The blending of biopolymers is one of the procedures for overcoming mechanical weakness and benefiting from their maximum synergistic effect. Aiming to determine the relative ratios of chitosan (CH 4 w/v%) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA 5 w/v%) in the composition of blended coatings, an experiment was conducted with six treatments (r = 3) including different ratios of CH/PVA (0:0; control, 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100) wt% in a period of 4 weeks of egg storage at ambient temperature, emphasizing eggshell barrier properties. Based on the eggshell analysis result, SEM images and FTIR spectra demonstrated that the components were firmly integrated into the blended coatings as well as had more intertwined than their pure ones, which was also reflected in the evaluation results of their internal quality parameters. In addition, the results showed that by enhancing the ratio of polyvinyl alcohol from 25 to 75 wt%, the blended coating barrier efficiency was relatively improved (p < .05). Meanwhile, the lowest percentage of weight loss (0.57 ± 0.08%), pH value of albumin (8.30 ± 0.04), the highest values of Haugh unit (61.00 ± 0.07), yolk index (0.37 ± 0.02) were observed in eggs coated with CH/PVA 25:75 wt%. But there was no difference in 50 or 70 wt% PVA significantly. Therefore, the CH/PVA blended coatings containing around 50–75 wt% PVA, as egg biodegradable packaging, can be used to extend the shelf life for 2–3 weeks at ambient temperature.

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Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitors, glycyrrhizic acid, solanine, polyphyllin I, crocin, hypericin, tubeimoside-1, diosmin, and rutin in medicinal plants have better binding affinities and anticancer properties: Molecular docking and ADMET study

Food Science & Nutrition, 2023

Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a role in cancer development, organogenesis, and embryogene... more Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a role in cancer development, organogenesis, and embryogenesis. The abnormal activation promotes cancer stem cell renewal, proliferation, and differentiation. In the present study, molecular docking simulation and ADMET studies were carried out on selected bioactive compounds in search of β-catenin protein inhibitors for drug discovery against cancer. Blind docking simulation was performed using PyRx software on Autodock Vina. β-catenin protein (PDB ID: 1jdh) and 313 bioactive compounds (from PubChem database) with selected standard anticancer drugs were used for molecular docking. The ADMET properties of the best-performing compounds were calculated using SwissADME and pkCMS web servers. The results obtained from the molecular docking study showed that glycyrrhizic acid, solanine, polyphyllin I, crocin, hypericin, tubeimoside-1, diosmin, and rutin had the best binding interactions with β-catenin protein based on their binding affinities. Glycyrrhizic acid and solanine had the same and lowest binding energy of −8.5 kcal/mol. This was followed by polyphyllin I with −8.4 kcal/mol, and crocin, hypericin, and tubeimoside-1 which all had a binding energy of 8.1 kcal/mol. Other top-performing compounds include diosmin and rutin with binding energy of −8.0 kcal/mol. The ADMET study revealed that the following compounds glycyrrhizic acid, solanine, polyphyllin I, crocin, hypericin, tubeimoside-1, diosmin, rutin, and baicalin all violated Lipinski's rule of 5 which implies poor oral bioavailability. However, based on the binding energy score, it was suggested that these pharmacologically active compounds are potential molecules to be tested against cancer.

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Anticancer, antioxidant, ameliorative and therapeutic properties of kaempferol

by Chinaza G Awuchi and Muzzamal Hussain

International Journal of Food Properties, 2023

Kaempferol, found in various plants and foods, has gained attention as a useful flavonoid owing t... more Kaempferol, found in various plants and foods, has gained attention as a useful flavonoid owing to its potential biological properties, including anticancer characteristics. Recent research studies suggest that kaempferol is effective in the inhibition and treatments of several forms of cancer, e.g. lung, ovarian, breast and lung cancer. One probable mechanism of action of kaempferol is its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials, which may help to prevent DNA damage and inhibit the proliferation of cancerous cells. Besides triggering apoptosis in cancerous cells, Kaempferol may also inhibit the growth and relocation of cancerous cells. Moreover, kaempferol has a very wide range of bioactivities, involving anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This includes understanding the optimal dosing and timing of kaempferol treatment, as well as the potential interactions with other medications and the long-term safety of kaempferol use. Overall, the available evidence and studies suggest that kaempferol may provide a potential natural agent for the prevention and treatments of cancers. Despite the promising findings in preclinical and clinical research, further research is needed to confirm its efficacy and understand the mechanisms of action, and to fully explore the potential of kaempferol in different cancers.

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Functional profile and encapsulating properties of Colocasia esculenta (Taro)

Food Science & Nutrition, 2023

Especially in tropical and subtropical countries, tuber and root crops have developed into import... more Especially in tropical and subtropical countries, tuber and root crops have developed into important food crops. Due to its use in food preparation, aesthetics, and medicine, taro (Colocasia esculenta) is ranked as the fifth most important root crop. In comparison, it stores a considerable quantity of starch – even more than potatoes, sweet potatoes, cassava, and other similar crops. Colocasia leaves are lower in calories and high in dietary fiber minerals and proteins. The corms of Colocasia antiquorum contain anthocyanins such as pelargonidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, and cyanidin-3-chemnoside, which are reported to possess antifungal and antioxidative characteristics. The underground corms of taro (Colocasia esculenta), which contain 70%–80% starch, are the primary reason for its cultivation. Taro is a highly digestible root vegetable with a high content of mucilaginous gums and trivial starchy granules. It is used to make a variety of dishes. This review article highlights the functional properties, phytochemical profile, encapsulating properties, and various industrial applications. Its health advantages and dietary uses were also addressed.

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A Study of Various Medicinal Plants used in Ulcer Treatment: A Review

Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, 2023

Many people suffer from ulcer, a disorder of the digestive tract. Simply put, it's an inflamed br... more Many people suffer from ulcer, a disorder of the digestive tract. Simply put, it's an inflamed break in the skin or the mucus membrane lining the digestive tract. Whenever there is a change in the equilibrium, such as increased aggression or decreased mucosal resistance, ulceration develops. Reasons for this could include drug use, poor diet, stress, and other similar factors. Peptic ulcers are a general term for any type of stomach or duodenal ulcer. To develop, peptic ulcers need mucosal defences to be compromised in addition to gastric juice acid and peptic activity. Ulcers can be treated with a variety of synthetic medications. However, compared to herbal remedies, these drugs are more costly and more likely to cause side effects. According to the research, many different ayurvedic doctors and traditional medicine practitioners use different medicinal plants and polyherbal formulations to treat ulcers. Peptic ulcer disease treatment should focus on symptom alleviation, ulcer healing, and preventing recurrence. In this article, we'll take a look at some medicinal plants that have been studied for their potential use in peptic ulcer treatment and prevention, both in ayurveda and Western medicine.

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Pharmacological, nutraceutical, functional and therapeutic properties of fennel (foeniculum vulgare

International Journal of Food Properties, 2023

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a cuisine spice of the Apiaceae genus extensively cultivated in tr... more Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a cuisine spice of the Apiaceae genus extensively cultivated in tropical and temperate regions. Due to its commercial significance and considerable pharmaceutical industry uses, fennel is regarded as one of the world’s most important medicinal plants while being one of the oldest spice plants. The aim of the study is to discuss pharmacological qualities including antibacterial, antidiabetic, anticancer, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, anticancer, and other activities. Flavonoids, glycosides, and other phytoconstituents found in fennel are utilized as remedies for many illnesses. Fennel contains phenolic chemicals that are beneficial to human health. From this plant, bioactive substances like trans-anethole, estragole, fenchone, and quercetin have been identified. Several of these chemicals have been linked to potential human body systems. Fennel may be utilized in the creation of many drugs since it has a variety of pharmacological qualities and their bioactive components are crucial to maintaining human health.

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Methods for the Preparation of Silica and Its Nanoparticles from Different Natural Sources

Biological Trace Element Research, 2023

Silica (SiO2), a component of the earth’s crust, has been in use for many nanotechnological appli... more Silica (SiO2), a component of the earth’s crust, has been in use for many nanotechnological applications. This review presents one of the newest methods for safer, more affordable, and more ecologically friendly production of silica and its nanoparticles from the ashes of agricultural wastes. The production of SiO2 nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) from different agricultural wastes, including rice husk, rice straw, maize cobs, and bagasse, was systematically and critically discussed. The review also emphasizes current issues and possibilities linked with contemporary technology to raise awareness and stimulate scholars’ insight. Furthermore, the processes involved in isolating silica from agricultural wastes were explored in this work.

High-pressure acidified steaming with varied citric acid dosing can successfully detoxify mycotoxins

Food Science & Nutrition, 2023

Mycotoxins are toxic fungal metabolites that exert various toxicities, including leading to death... more Mycotoxins are toxic fungal metabolites that exert various toxicities, including leading to death in lethal doses. This study developed a novel high-pressure acidified steaming (HPAS) for detoxification of mycotoxins in foods and feed. The raw materials, maize and peanut/groundnut, were used for the study. The samples were separated into raw and processed categories. Processed samples were treated using HPAS at different citric acid concentrations (CCC) adjusted to pH 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit method for mycotoxins analysis was used to determine the levels of mycotoxins in the grains, with specific focus on total aflatoxins (AT), aflatoxins B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), ochratoxin A (OTA), and citrinin. The mean values of the AT, AFB1, AFG1, OTA, and citrinin in the raw samples were 10.06 ± 0.02, 8.21 ± 0.01, 6.79 ± 0.00, 8.11 ± 0.02, and 7.39 ± 0.01 μg/kg for maize, respectively (p ≤ .05); and for groundnut (peanut), they were 8.11 ± 0.01, 4.88 ± 0.01, 7.04 ± 0.02, 6.75 ± 0.01, and 4.71 ± 0.00 μg/kg, respectively. At CCC adjusted to pH 5.0, the AT, AFB1, AFG1, OTA, and citrinin in the samples significantly reduced by 30%–51% and 17%–38% for maize and groundnut, respectively, and were reduced to 28%–100% when CCC was adjusted to pH 4.5 and 4.0 (p ≤ .05). The HPAS process either completely detoxified the mycotoxins or at least reduced them to levels below the maximum limits of 4.00–6.00, 2.00, 2.00, 5.00, and 100 μg/kg for AT, AFB1, AFG1, OTA, and citrinin, respectively, set by the European Union, WHO/FAO, and USDA. The study clearly demonstrates that mycotoxins can be completely detoxified using HPAS at CCC adjusted to pH 4.0 or below. This can be widely applied or integrated into many agricultural and production processes in the food, pharmaceutical, medical, chemical, and nutraceutical industries where pressurized steaming can be applied for the successful detoxification of mycotoxins.

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Classification of Plants Medicine Species from Algerian Regions using UV Spectroscopy, HPLC Chromatography, and Chemometrics Analysis

Malaysian Journal of Chemistry, 2023

All across the world, plant-based medicines and therapeutics are receiving increasing attention. ... more All across the world, plant-based medicines and therapeutics are receiving increasing attention. Many studies have been performed, with several modern analytical techniques applied to assess the quality of these medicinal plants. Notably, the use of chemometrics in the study of medicinal plants is natural and essential. This study developed an easy and accurate analytical approach for classifying many plants using HPLC, UV-vis spectroscopy, and chemometrics analysis. The study analyzed 90 samples, and the differences and similarities between these were determined using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Clustering (HCA) analysis. The results were validated using the Partial Least Squares method (PLS) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). The HCA and PCA successfully distributed the samples into separate groups based on HPLC and UV-vis data, while PLS and PLS-DA analysis confirmed these results (R2 = 0.849 - 0.891, RMSEE = 8.83 - 4.907, and RMSEcv =11.81 - 7.399, respectively). Bioactive compounds in plants such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, etc. were described and used to classify the plants. Based on these findings, closely-related plant species may be identified and differentiated using this method.

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Nutraceutical, functional, and therapeutic properties of Garcinia cambogia: a review

International Journal of Food Properties, 2023

Garcinia gummigutta, also known as Garcinia cambogia, has been shown to have excellent properties... more Garcinia gummigutta, also known as Garcinia cambogia, has been shown to have excellent properties bene cial against many health conditions. The use of Garcinia cambogia in traditional medicine has involved treating gastrointestinal ailments, intestinal parasites, rheumatism, digestive disturbances, among other ethnobotanical applications. The fruit, which resembles a pumpkin in appearance, is presently most often used and heavily promoted as a supplement for weight loss. According to studies, hydroxycitric acid (HCA), the main organic acid present in the fruit rind, has antiobesity properties that include lowering appetite and reducing body fat gain by regulating serotonin levels linked to satiety, increasing fat oxidation, and reducing de novo lipogenesis. HCA is a strong inhibitor of the enzyme adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase, which converts citrate to acetyl-coenzyme A, a catalyst for the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, and triglycerides. In in vitro and in vivo models, the plant's crude extract or components also have hepatoprotective, anti-cholinesterase, anti-in ammatory, anticancer, and anti-in ammatory e ects. Studies on the phytochemistry of several plant components found that organic acids and xanthones, such as carbogiol and benzophenones, were also present. There are already several G. cambogia/HCA dietary supplements available for weight loss, however there are some safety concerns about the potential toxicity of continuous usage of these supplements. The majority of complaints have been in connection with multi-component formulations. G. cambogia has not been positively identi ed as a possibly harmful aggressor. In this paper, the scienti c properties of G. cambogia are discussed in relation to pertinent botanical features, ethnobotanical applications, phytochemistry, biological activity, and toxicity. The study could be very helpful in emphasizing the therapeutic properties and mechanism of this plant and its applications.

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HACCP, quality, and food safety management in food and agricultural systems

Cogent Food & Agriculture, 2023

The burden of foodborne diseases and their associated illness/death is a global concern. Hazard a... more The burden of foodborne diseases and their associated illness/death is a global concern. Hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) and food safety/ quality management are employed to combat this problem. With the existing and emerging food safety/quality management concerns, this study aims to evaluate the traditional and modern/novel approach to improving HACCP, food safety, and quality management in food and agricultural systems. The modern innovations in food safety management were integrated into improving the traditional HACCP system, including its principles, applications, steps, plans, standards, etc., as well as food safety factors and management, for improved safety/quality in food, agricultural, and pharmaceutical industries. The study identified many factors responsible for food contamination, including chemical contaminants, such as allergens, histamine, cyanogenic glycosides, mycotoxins, toxic elements, etc., biological contaminants, such as Campylobacter, Brucella, viruses, Escherichia coli, prions, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, protozoa, parasitic pathogens, etc., and physical contaminants, such as bone, glass, metal, personal effects, plastic, stones, wood, etc. The results of this study present descriptive preliminary HACCP steps, HACCP principles, safe food handling procedures, ISO 22000, Water quality management, food labelling, etc., with recent modern developments and innovations to ensure food safety and quality management. The study also identified modern/novel technologies for HACCP and food safety management, including light technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), novel freezing (isochoric freezing), automation, and software for easy detection and control of contaminants. With all these understanding and development, the domestic, food, agricultural, and pharmaceutical industries can be well position to ensure safety and quality of products.

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Cucumeropsis mannii seed oil ameliorates Bisphenol-A-induced adipokines dysfunctions and dyslipidemia

Food Science & Nutrition, 2023

This study demonstrated the therapeutic potentials of Cucumeropsis mannii seed oil (CMSO) capable... more This study demonstrated the therapeutic potentials of Cucumeropsis mannii seed oil (CMSO) capable of alleviating BPA-induced dyslipidemia and adipokine dysfunction. In this study, we evaluated the effects of CMSO on adipokine dysfunctions and dyslipidemia in bisphenol-A (BPA)-induced male Wistar rats. Six-week-old 36 albino rats of 100–200 g weight were assigned randomly to six groups, which received varied doses of BPA and/or CMSO. The administration of BPA and CMSO was done at the same time for 42 days by oral intubation. The adipokine levels and lipid profile were measured in adipose tissue and plasma using standard methods. BPA induced significant (p < .05) increases in triglycerides, cholesterol, leptin, LDL-C, and atherogenic and coronary risk indices in adipose tissue and plasma, as well as a decrease in adiponectin and HDL-C levels in Group II animals. BPA administration significantly (p < .05) elevated Leptin levels and reduced adiponectin levels. BPA plus CMSO reduced triglycerides, cholesterol, leptin, LDL-C, and atherogenic and coronary risk indices while increasing adiponectin levels and HDL-C in adipose tissue and plasma (p < .05). The results showed that BPA exposure increased adipose tissue as well as serum levels of the atherogenic index, triglycerides, cholesterol, coronary risk index, LDL-C, leptin, and body weight with decreased adiponectin levels and HDL-C. Treatment with CMSO reduced the toxicities caused by BPA in rats by modulating the body weight, adiponectin/leptin levels, and lipid profiles in serum and adipose tissue. This study has shown that CMSO ameliorates BPA-induced dyslipidemia and adipokine dysfunctions. We suggest for further clinical trial to establish the clinical applications.

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Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside and anethole ameliorate lipid abnormalities, oxidative injury, hypercholesterolemia, heart, and liver conditions

Food Science & Nutrition, 2023

Fennel seeds and flaxseed have been traditionally used against many medical ailments due to their... more Fennel seeds and flaxseed have been traditionally used against many medical ailments due to their medicinal characteristics. The aim of the study was to investigate the health properties of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) and anethole from flaxseed and fennel seeds in rats fed with high-fat diet. Histopathological changes in the heart and liver were also examined. Sixty rats were divided into two main groups. Group I (10 rats) was used as a negative control group and fed on the basal diet only. Group II (50 rats) was fed a hypercholesterolemic diet but not given any drugs during the trial for 2 weeks. This group was further divided into five subgroups (10 rats each). One of them was fed on the basal diet and used as a positive control group. However, the other four subgroups were fed on basal diets and anethole (20 mg/kg/day, orally), SDG (20 mg/kg/day, orally), a mixture of anethole + SDG (10 + 10 mg/kg/day, orally), and atorvastatin (10 mg/kg/day, orally) for 6 weeks. Compared to control, treatment with a combination of anethole + SDG showed a significant (p ≤ .05) improvement in serum levels of triglyceride (TG) (137.88 ± 1.61 mg/dL), total cholesterol-(TC) (180.12 ± 8.99 mg/dL), LDL-C (46.40 ± 6.67 mg/dL), VLDL-C (11.81 ± 1.07 mg/dL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (75.97 ± 6.92 U/L), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (34.83 ± 2.17 U/L), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (130.65 ± 1.05 U/L), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (30.12 ± 1.89 mmol/g), and improved activities of catalase (70.99 ± 3.29 U/g) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (35.13 ± 2.53 U/dL) enzymes while SDG and anethole group had relatively less impact. Atorvastatin also improved serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and VLDL-C significantly and rose serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels considerably meanwhile it had a minor but negative impact on AST, ALT, and ALP, and negligible impact on activities of MDA, CAT, and SOD enzymes compared to the positive control group. The study revealed that combining anethole and SDG may improve dyslipidemia, improve lipid profile, decrease risks of chronic heart diseases, increase HDL-C, and enhance antioxidant enzymes' activities.

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Cucumeropsis mannii seed oil protects against Bisphenol Ainduced testicular mitochondrial damages

Food Science & Nutrition, 2023

There has been increasing search for the ameliorative properties of seed oils against toxicants. ... more There has been increasing search for the ameliorative properties of seed oils against toxicants. bisphenol A acts as an estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemical capable of causing male infertility. This study aimed to explore Cucumeropsis mannii seed oil effects against mitochondrial damage in rats using bisphenol A. Forty-eight rats were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 6) of eight rats each and fed the same food and water for 6 weeks. The group A rats were given 1 mL olive oil, while the ones in group B were given bisphenol A at 100 mL/kg body weight via oral route. Group C received C. mannii seed oil 7.5 mL/kg body weight C. mannii seed oil, while group D, group E, and group F were pre-administered bisphenol A at 100 mL/kg body weight, followed by treatment with C. mannii seed oil at 7.5, 5, and 2.5 mL/kg body weight, respectively. Antioxidant enzymes, glutathione, reactive oxygen species, testicular volume, malondialdehyde, body weight, and testicular studies were done using standard methods. The results of the bisphenol A-administered group showed a significant decrease in the antioxidant enzymes, glutathione, body weight, and testicular volume with elevation in the levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and testicular indices. BPA + CMSO-treated group showed a significant increase in GPx activity compared with BPA-exposed rats. CMSO treatment significantly increased catalase activity in comparison with that of rats exposed to BPA. Remarkably, C. mannii seed oil and bisphenol A co-administration significantly reversed the abnormalities observed in the dysregulated biochemical biomarkers. Our findings suggest that C. mannii seed oil has considerable antioxidant potential which can be explored in therapeutic development against systemic toxicity induced by exposure to bisphenol A. Cucumeropsis mannii seed oil protects against bisphenol A-induced testicular mitochondria damages.

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New Psychoactive Substances: Major Groups, Laboratory Testing Challenges, Public Health Concerns, and Community-Based Solutions

Journal of Chemistry, 2023

Across communities worldwide, various new psychoactive substances (NPSs) continue to emerge, whic... more Across communities worldwide, various new psychoactive substances (NPSs) continue to emerge, which worsens the challenges to global mental health, drug rules, and public health risks, as well as combats their usage. Specifcally, the vast number of NPSs that are currently available, coupled with the rate at which new ones emerge worldwide, increasingly challenges both forensic and clinical testing strategies. Te well-established NPS detection techniques include immunoassays, colorimetric tests, mass spectrometric techniques, chromatographic techniques, and hyphenated types. Nonetheless, mitigating drug abuse and NPS usage is achievable through extensive community-based initiatives, with increased focus on harm reduction. Clinically validated and reliable testing of NPS from human samples, along with community-driven solution, such as harm reduction, will be of great importance, especially in combating their prevalence and the use of other illicit synthetic substances. Tere is a need for continued literature synthesis to reiterate the importance of NPS, given the continuous emergence of illicit substances in the recent years. All these are discussed in this overview, as we performed another look into NPS, from diferentiating the major groups and identifying with laboratory testing challenges to community-based initiatives.

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Effect of lactoferrin supplementation on composition, fatty acids composition, lipolysis and sensory characteristics of cheddar cheese

International Journal of Food Properties, 2023

Lactoferrin is the part of whey proteins, which does not become the part of curd and is lost in t... more Lactoferrin is the part of whey proteins, which does not become the part of curd and is lost in the whey. The objective of the current investigation was to develop lactoferrin-supplemented cheddar cheese. Cheddar cheese was supplemented with lactoferrin at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 0 mg/100 g concentrations (T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4 , and control) and matured for 90 days. The supplementation of lactoferrin at all four concentrations did not affect the compositional attributes of cheddar cheese. In mature cheddar cheese, values of logcolony forming units in T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4 , and control per mL were 7.82, 7.77, 6.51, 6.21, and 7.95, respectively. Lactoferrin contents of T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4 , and control were 4.98, 9.89, 14.91, 19.88, and 0.11 mg/100 g cheese. In vitro total antioxidant capacity of mature T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4 , and control were 32.47%, 47.68%, 65.37%, 78.82%, and 45.79%. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that concentrations of citric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid in mature T 4 were 2389, 16,468, 126, and 141 mg/kg. Analysis of cheese samples on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that fatty acids composition was not influenced by the supplementation of lactoferrin. Peroxide value of matured T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4 , and control was 0.31, 0.30, 0.28, 0.35, and 0.28 (meqO 2 /kg) with no variation in color, flavor and texture score. The results of the current investigation proved that lactoferrin can be used for the supplementation of cheddar cheese.

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Nutritional and functional profile of carob bean (Ceratonia siliqua): a comprehensive review

International Journal of Food Properties, 2023

Carob (Ceratonia siliqua) is one of Asia and Africa's popular nutritional and medicinal crops. Th... more Carob (Ceratonia siliqua) is one of Asia and Africa's popular nutritional and medicinal crops. This unique plant has an outstanding functional properties and nutritional pro le. Carob has high sugar content, drought resistance and is very economical. Carob fruit consists of pulp and seed that are rich sources of different bioactive components. Carob has wide applications in various industries (food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics) as an anti-oxidant, thickener, stabilizer, lactic acid production and emulsions. The trend of moving toward natural products further highlights the use of carob in different fields due to its excellent nutritional and therapeutic pro le. Carob bean gum is widely used in the food industry. The current review has highlighted the nutritional composition, bioactive profile, functional properties, and recent findings on the subject.

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Effects of different levels of egg protein replacement in weaned diets on hematology, kidney functions, and immunity biomarkers

Food Science & Nutrition, 2023

Eggs are good sources of nutrients essential for the growth and development of infants. Introduci... more Eggs are good sources of nutrients essential for the growth and development of infants. Introducing eggs as a weaning food can improve dietary adequacy in infants at risk for protein energy malnutrition (PEM). To evaluate the current objective, 72 pups (36 males and 36 females) were used to calculate the impact of various egg protein levels on blood parameters. Nonisonitrogenous and isocaloric pellet diets were offered to pups for 28 days using nine pups with three replicates according to a completely randomized design (CRD). The water intake and ad libitum diet were offered to weaned pups. The pups were randomly assigned to different concentrations of diet, which contained WF0, control diet, 14% of soybean protein; WF1, 14% of egg protein; WF2, 16% of egg protein; and WF3, 18% of egg protein, respectively. After weaning, the intraperitoneal injection with the drug (xylazine with ketamine) was used to anesthetize before killing on the 28th day. Blood samples were used to measure the blood metabolites. The results indicated that the concentration of red blood cells, white blood cells, serum triglycerides, and serum protein was significantly (p ≤ .05) increased in pups fed with high egg protein levels compared to the control. The highest platelet count was observed in the pups fed WF3 diet. In contrast, the amount of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase was significantly (p ≤ .05) reduced with increasing the level of egg protein in the diets of weaned pups. Immunity biomarkers (immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin M) and kidney functions (creatinine and blood urine nitrogen) were nonsignificantly (p ≤ .05) increased in the pups fed a high level of protein due to a high biological value of soybean protein. Moreover, the concentration of immunoglobulin E in all pups remained unchanged. Egg protein in infant formula feed can be used for the growth and development of infants.

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Antioxidant, phytochemical, and therapeutic properties of medicinal plants: a review

International Journal of Food Properties, 2023

Oxidation is an integral part of aerobic processes of life. It involves the transfer of electrons... more Oxidation is an integral part of aerobic processes of life. It involves the transfer of electrons or hydrogen via a chemical reaction from a substance to an oxidizing agent leading to the production of free radicals. These free radicals which are highly reactive in turn initiate a chain of reactions that lead to cellular damage. The etiology of plethora diseases has been linked to the generation of free radicals beyond the body's antioxidant capacity, leading to oxidative stress. Consequently, the focus of research has tilted toward plants which provide natural products rich in antioxidants capable of scavenging and distrupting the harmful e ects of these free radicals. A large group of compounds produced by plants referred to as phytochemicals possessing high antioxidant properties have been seen to be helpful in tackling numerous diseases. This review covered the antioxidant potential of some plants with medicinal properties bene cial to people, industries, and health institutions who desire their potential bene ts. A total of two hundred and fty plants from the following families; Asteraceae, Combretaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Moraceae and Malvaceae were reviewed. These plants exert important biological properties, such as anti-in ammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties, among others.

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Probiotics encapsulated gastroprotective cross-linked microgels: Enhanced viability under stressed conditions with dried apple carrier

Food Science & Nutrition, 2022

In the current study, Lactobacillus acidophilus was encapsulated in sodium alginate and whey prot... more In the current study, Lactobacillus acidophilus was encapsulated in sodium alginate and whey protein isolate, with the addition of antacids CaCO3 or Mg(OH)2. The obtained microgels were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Encapsulated and free probiotics were subjected to vitality assay under stressed conditions. Furthermore, dried apple snack was evaluated as a carrier for probiotics for 28 days. A significant (p ≤ .05) effect of antacid with an encapsulating agent was observed under different stressed conditions. During exposure to simulated gastrointestinal conditions, there were observations of 1.24 log CFU and 2.17 log CFU, with corresponding 0.93 log CFU and 2.63 log CFU decrease in the case of SA + CaCO3 and WPI + CaCO3 respectively. Likewise, high viability was observed under thermal and refrigerated conditions for probiotics encapsulated with SA + CaCO3. In conclusion, the results indicated that alginate microgels with CaCO3 are effective in prolonging the viability of probiotics under stressed conditions.

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Egg shelf life can be extended using varied proportions of polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan composite coatings

Food Science & Nutrition, 2023

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Food Science & Nutrition, 2023

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Anticancer, antioxidant, ameliorative and therapeutic properties of kaempferol

by Chinaza G Awuchi and Muzzamal Hussain

International Journal of Food Properties, 2023

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Functional profile and encapsulating properties of Colocasia esculenta (Taro)

Food Science & Nutrition, 2023

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A Study of Various Medicinal Plants used in Ulcer Treatment: A Review

Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, 2023

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Pharmacological, nutraceutical, functional and therapeutic properties of fennel (foeniculum vulgare

International Journal of Food Properties, 2023

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Methods for the Preparation of Silica and Its Nanoparticles from Different Natural Sources

Biological Trace Element Research, 2023

High-pressure acidified steaming with varied citric acid dosing can successfully detoxify mycotoxins

Food Science & Nutrition, 2023

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Classification of Plants Medicine Species from Algerian Regions using UV Spectroscopy, HPLC Chromatography, and Chemometrics Analysis

Malaysian Journal of Chemistry, 2023

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Nutraceutical, functional, and therapeutic properties of Garcinia cambogia: a review

International Journal of Food Properties, 2023

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HACCP, quality, and food safety management in food and agricultural systems

Cogent Food & Agriculture, 2023

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Cucumeropsis mannii seed oil ameliorates Bisphenol-A-induced adipokines dysfunctions and dyslipidemia

Food Science & Nutrition, 2023

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Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside and anethole ameliorate lipid abnormalities, oxidative injury, hypercholesterolemia, heart, and liver conditions

Food Science & Nutrition, 2023

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Cucumeropsis mannii seed oil protects against Bisphenol Ainduced testicular mitochondrial damages

Food Science & Nutrition, 2023

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New Psychoactive Substances: Major Groups, Laboratory Testing Challenges, Public Health Concerns, and Community-Based Solutions

Journal of Chemistry, 2023

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Effect of lactoferrin supplementation on composition, fatty acids composition, lipolysis and sensory characteristics of cheddar cheese

International Journal of Food Properties, 2023

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Nutritional and functional profile of carob bean (Ceratonia siliqua): a comprehensive review

International Journal of Food Properties, 2023

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Effects of different levels of egg protein replacement in weaned diets on hematology, kidney functions, and immunity biomarkers

Food Science & Nutrition, 2023

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Antioxidant, phytochemical, and therapeutic properties of medicinal plants: a review

International Journal of Food Properties, 2023

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Probiotics encapsulated gastroprotective cross-linked microgels: Enhanced viability under stressed conditions with dried apple carrier

Food Science & Nutrition, 2022

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New Psychoactive Substances; an Insight

2nd International Conference on Nutrition and Healthcare, 2022

The study aimed at providing latest insight into several NPS (synthetic drugs), their associated ... more The study aimed at providing latest insight into several NPS (synthetic drugs), their associated effects, and their prevalence. The study clearly demonstrates the diversity of existing and new psychoactive substances with their various psychoactive effects, structures, adverse effects, properties, mechanism of actions, psychological and pharmacological properties, and widespread use. The new psychoactive substances (NPS) can be grouped into synthetic stimulants, synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic hallucinogens, synthetic opioids, benzodiazepines, and dissociatives. The increasing global emergence of many NPS constitutes a major challenge to drug rules, a risk to public health, and a problem to global mental health. As at today, more than 1124 NPS have been reported by at least 134 countries. Combating the use of NPS has many challenges. Some of the major challenges for forensic and clinical testing of NPS are the vast number and varieties of the new psychoactive substances currently available, accompanied by the rate new ones emerge all around the world, with the NPS developers often designing ways to avoid detection. Many techniques such as immunoassays, colorimetric tests, mass spectrometric techniques, chromatographic techniques, and hyphenated techniques are commonly employed for NPS detection. The mitigation of drug abuse and the use of NPS has been suggested through extensive community-based initiatives, with more focus on harm reduction strategy. Clinically validated and reliable NPS testing from human samples will be of value and importance to combating the prevalence of the use of illicit synthetic drug and NPS, along community-driven solution, such as harm reduction.

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Emerging Novel Functional Materials and Technologies for Decontaminating Mycotoxins

International Virtual Conference on Advanced Functional Materials, 2021

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Herbal Extracts, Foods, and Bioactive Compounds for COVID-19 Recovery

International Virtual Conference on Smart Advanced Material Science & Engineering Applications, 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Sy... more Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with its index case identified in Wuhan, China. Promoting herbal medicine and dietary therapy which boost the body immune system as COVID-19 preventive therapies is paramount, while we await for approval of the already developed COVID-19 vaccines, and subsequent development of more affordable, safe, and effective vaccines, especially single dose vaccines (SDVs). Like other coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2 can be treated with nutrition and herbs.

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Mycotoxin Levels and Impacts on Chemical and Functional Properties of some Grains Sold in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria, 2019

The research focused on the evaluation of the levels of some mycotoxins and their impacts on the ... more The research focused on the evaluation of the levels of some mycotoxins and their impacts on the nutritional composition and functional properties of grains sold in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Cowpea, sorghum, maize, groundnut, rice, millet, and acha were obtained from all the LGAs in Owerri and milled into flour after physical examination. The proximate composition, functional and pasting properties, as well as mycotoxin levels of the grains, were evaluated. The effects of the mycotoxins on nutritional and functional properties of the grains were also assessed. Aflatoxin was detected in all the grains, with values ranging from 0.12 to 58.65 μg/kg. The levels of Ochratoxin in the grain flours ranged from 0.09 to 54.41 μg/kg but was not detected in some rice samples. The Patulin concentration in the grains ranged from 0.11 to 13.19 μg/kg. Unlike total aflatoxin and ochratoxin, most patulin and penicillic acid levels in these grains were within WHO limits; although a few were beyond the limit for infant foods. Results of proximate composition of the grain samples showed that acha and millet had the highest (10.59 %) and lowest (7.30%) mean moisture contents, respectively. Rice had the highest mean carbohydrate content. Groundnut and Cowpea had high contents of protein than other grains. Groundnut had the highest mean fat content of 41.84 %. The ash content of the grains ranged from 0.73 to 3.61%. Cowpea and groundnut had relatively highest crude fiber contents. The presence of the mycotoxins had significant impact on carbohydrates (93.8%), proteins (78.3%), and fat (94.9%) contents of the grains. Their presence had moderate impacts on crude fibre (47.2%), ash (54.9%), and functional properties including water absorption capacity (WAC) (47.0%), Bulk density (63.5%), Swelling index (24.0%), Emulsion capacity (25.2%), Foaming capacity (26.2%), oil absorption capacity (OAC) (33.6%). There was a negligible effect on the moisture content (16.3%) of the grains.

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Nigerian culture

Amazon Digital Services LLC - Kdp, 2022

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Pathophysiology of Obesity and Diabetes

Dietary Phytochemicals: A Source of Novel Bioactive Compounds for the Treatment of Obesity, Cancer and Diabetes, 2021

Obesity is characterized by excessive accumulation of fats in the adipose tissues. Accumulation o... more Obesity is characterized by excessive accumulation of fats in the adipose tissues. Accumulation of excess fat releases a large number of adipokines that can cause obesity and diabetes mellitus due to irregularity between demand and the production of insulin. Obesity affects many organs and influences the heart, liver, intestines, respiratory organs, endocrine, and reproductive functions. Polydipsia, polyuria, weight reduction, coronary illness, kidney injury, diabetic foot, and diabetic ketoacidosis are pathophysiological manifestations and complications of diabetes. Obesity and overweight also contribute to the immune system dysfunction due to increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines which are also risk factors for many types of cancer.

Etiology of Obesity, Cancer, and Diabetes

Dietary Phytochemicals: A Source of Novel Bioactive Compounds for the Treatment of Obesity, Cancer and Diabetes, 2021

The prevalence of obesity, cancer, and diabetes are increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. It ... more The prevalence of obesity, cancer, and diabetes are increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. It is important to understand the causes of these diseases to better understand their required prevention and treatment. Obesity is considered a heterogenic disease caused by several factors, especially consistent intake of high-calorie foods with little or no physical activity. Obesity has been associated with cancer and diabetes. Approximately 1 out of 3 cancer deaths are due to high body mass index (BMI), low intake of fruits and vegetables, sedentary lifestyle, lack of physical activity, tobacco addiction, and alcoholism. This chapter explains different biological, environmental, and behavioral factors that physiologically interact to potentiate these diseases in healthy individuals. Mitigating obesity, cancer, and diabetes, which are often caused by several factors, require a comprehensive approach. Functional approach, non-pharmacological approach, and nutritional counseling would play significant roles in the management of these diseases.

Role of Phytochemicals in the Treatment of Ectoparasitic Infections

Neglected Tropical Diseases and Phytochemicals in Drug Discovery, 2021

The sufferings from diseases spread by ectoparasites throughout the globe are making it a burning... more The sufferings from diseases spread by ectoparasites throughout the globe are making it a burning issue affecting human health individually and collectively. Insecticides rampantly being used against those ectoparasites are paving way for bigger problems like toxicity, resistance, residual concerns about their long-term effects on the environment, etc. Ancient records of usage of plants for medicinal purposes are documented in books like Rigveda, Ebers Papyrus, Bible, and so on. The pharmaco-active ingredients stored in root, leaves, seed, and bark of plants must be exploited. Researchers and medical experts are spearheading a paradigm shift to natural drugs from synthetic ones against serious ectoparasitic diseases. To this extent, the world is experiencing an increasing advocacy for exploration of phytochemicals from medicinal plants for cure and prevention of diseases like scabies and myiasis. These phytochemicals are safe, cheap, and are less susceptible to resistance. Their use can also facilitate the discovery of newer drug molecules for eradication of other ectoparasites like lice, tick, mites, etc., and alleviating diseases caused by them. These phytochemicals can serve as curative drugs in themselves or can be part of drug regimen prescribed for the prevention of scabies and myiasis. This chapter summarizes the role of phytochemicals in the treatment of scabies and human myiasis.

Roles of Medicinal Plants in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Eumycetoma

Neglected Tropical Diseases and Phytochemicals in Drug Discovery, 2021

Eumycetoma is fungal disease mostly of humans usually caused Madurella mycetomatis, Trematosphaer... more Eumycetoma is fungal disease mostly of humans usually caused Madurella mycetomatis, Trematosphaeria grisea , Curvularia lunata , etc. and characterized by chronic granulomatous (grainy) features and affects mostly the limbs, chest walls, abdominal walls, and/or head. It is endemic disease in Africa, South America, Central America, and India. Madura foot is common disease of eumycetoma. Ultrasonography and X-rays can be used to evaluate level of the disease progression. The treatment of eumycetoma with drugs such as itraconazole, voriconazole, and ketoconazole is often not satisfactory, expensive, has many side effects, and often unavailable in endemic regions. Medicinal plants such as Boswellia papyrifera, Nigella sativa, Acacia nilotica, Moringa oleifera , among others, have been used to treat eumycetoma. Triterpenes (Stigmatriene, Sitosterol, Beta-amyrone, and Beta-amyrin) extracted from Boswellia papyrifera were shown to have significant anti-eumycetoma activities at varying levels of efficacy. Many antifungal medicinal plants and their phytochemicals may also be effective in treating eumycetoma.

Prospects of Phytochemicals for the Treatment of Helminthiasis

Neglected Tropical Diseases and Phytochemicals in Drug Discovery, 2021

Helminthiasis is a common infestation in children, caused by Ascaris, Trichuris , and hookworm, r... more Helminthiasis is a common infestation in children, caused by Ascaris, Trichuris , and hookworm, residing commonly in the gastrointestinal tract, but also the liver and various other organs in severe cases. Herbal medicines are used worldwide for the treatment of helminthiasis, there are fewer or no side effects as compared to well-known synthetic medicines. Medicinal plants such as Euphorbia helioscopia, Baliospermum montanum, Carica papaya, Cynodon dactylon, Artemisia pallens , and Anacardium occidentale have traditionally been used in the treatment of helminthiasis and are considered to contain anthelmintic compounds. In folk medicine, anthelmintic plants have been used as an important traditional herbal medicine due to the vast array of bioactive compounds found in them.

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