2022 4th International Youth Conference on Radio Electronics, Electrical and Power Engineering (REEPE)
The continuous increase in the load demand and the dwindling of fossil fuels makes the need for r... more The continuous increase in the load demand and the dwindling of fossil fuels makes the need for renewable energy sources (RES) such as wind and photovoltaic energy systems are not avoided. The intermittent nature of RES adds a reliability challenge to its use for loads in remote areas. This challenge can be overcome using more than one source in a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES), an energy storage system (ESS), and smart demand-side management (DSM). In this paper, autonomous HRES is introduced to feed a remote load in Saudi Arabia for minimum cost and the highest reliability. The proposed HRES is having wind and photovoltaic (PV) energy systems in addition to battery energy systems (BESS) and pumped hydro energy storage as an ESS system with a diesel generator as a backup. The proposed system has been designed using real-time pricing (RTP) as a DSM strategy. The proposed RTP with the day-ahead forecasting factor is introduced to work synergetically with the ESS to reduce the cost of energy and maximize the reliability of the proposed system. A modified cuckoo search optimization algorithm is introduced in this paper to reduce the convergence time and improve the accuracy of the size of the components of the HRES. The results shown in this study showed the superiority of using DR with day-ahead in the operation of the proposed HRES.
The overutilization of electric vehicles (EVs) has the potential to result in significant challen... more The overutilization of electric vehicles (EVs) has the potential to result in significant challenges regarding the reliability, contingency, and standby capabilities of traditional power systems. The utilization of renewable energy distributed generator (REDG) presents a potential solution to address these issues. By incorporating REDG, the reliance of EV charging power on conventional energy sources can be diminished, resulting in significant reductions in transmission losses and enhanced capacity within the traditional power system. The effective management of the REDG necessitates intelligent coordination between the available generation capacity of the REDG and the charging and discharging power of EVs. Furthermore, the utilization of EVs as a means of energy storage is facilitated through the integration of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology. Despite the importance of the V2G technology for EV owners and electric utility, it still has a slow progress due to the distrust of the re...
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
In this paper, a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) based on perturb and observe algorithm for ph... more In this paper, a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) based on perturb and observe algorithm for photovoltaic (PV) energy system is introduced. MPPT is a dc to dc converter that regulates the output power to ensure an optimum value of the PV module voltage to extract the maximum power from PV module. The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of operating the PV system at maximum power point under Egyptian conditions. The overall system is modeled by using MATLAB/Simulink program. The output power and energy from PV system in case of using MPPT based on perturb and observe algorithm are compared to those obtained by the system without MPPT. Results show that, the PV system with MPPT increases the efficiency of energy production harvested from PV.
This book proposes several new utility interface converters to reduce cost, harmonic contents in ... more This book proposes several new utility interface converters to reduce cost, harmonic contents in line currents and to increase the reliability in interconnecting renewable energy sources such as wind, solar (photovoltaic), and fuel cells to electric utility. A new third harmonic current injection technique has been presented to reduce harmonic contents in the line current of controlled converters. A low cost, high efficiency, four-switch, three-phase PWM converter has been presented to interface small wind turbine with electric utility. A modular wind energy system along with modular utility interface converter concept is presented for higher power wind energy systems with increased reliability and power quality of the power electronics converter. A combined low cost, high efficient inverter and peak power tracker has been presented for photovoltaic energy systems. A combined low cost, high efficient inverter and peak power tracker has been presented for photovoltaic energy systems. A combined low cost, high efficiency inverter and peak power tracker has been proposed. This converter operates close to the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array and forms a DC to AC inverter.
The problem of voltage collapse in power systems due to increased loads can be solved by adding r... more The problem of voltage collapse in power systems due to increased loads can be solved by adding renewable energy sources like wind and photovoltaic (PV) to some bus-bars. This option can reduce the cost of the generated energy and increase the system efficiency and reliability. In this paper, a modified smart technique using particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been introduced to select the hourly optimal load flow with renewable distributed generation (DG) integration under different operating conditions in the 30-bus IEEE system. Solar PV and wind power plants have been introduced to selected buses to evaluate theirs benefits as DG. Different solar radiation and wind speeds for the Dammam site in Saudi Arabia have been used as an example to study the feasibility of renewable energy integration and its effect on power system operation. Sensitivity analysis to the load and the other input data has been carried out to predict the sensitivity of the results to any deviation in the input data of the system. The obtained results from the proposed system prove that using of renewable energy sources as a DG reduces the generation and operation cost of the overall power system.
The widespread adoption of distributed energy resources (DERs) and the progress made in internet ... more The widespread adoption of distributed energy resources (DERs) and the progress made in internet of things (IoT) and cloud computing technologies have enabled and facilitated the development of various smart grid applications and services. This study aims to develop and implement a peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading platform that allows local energy trading between consumers and prosumers within a microgrid which combines IoT and blockchain technologies. The proposed platform comprises an IoT-cloud home energy management system (HEMS) responsible for gathering and storing energy consumption data and incorporates a blockchain framework that ensures secure and transparent energy trading. The proposed IoT–blockchain architecture utilizes a Chainlink oracle network and a private Ethereum blockchain. Through the use of smart contracts, consumers and prosumers can participate in an open auction to trade energy, while the settlement process involves acquiring external energy data from an AP...
With the rapidly growing energy consumption and the rising number of prosumers, next-generation e... more With the rapidly growing energy consumption and the rising number of prosumers, next-generation energy management systems are facing significant impacts by peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading, which will enable prosumers to sell and purchase energy locally. Until now, the large-scale deployment of P2P energy trading has still posed many technical challenges for both physical and virtual layers. Although the communication infrastructure represents the cornerstone to enabling real-time monitoring and control, less attention has been given to the performance of different communication technologies to support P2P implementations. This work investigates the scalability and performance of the communication infrastructure that supports P2P energy trading on a community microgrid. Five levels make up the developed P2P architecture: the power grid, communication network, cloud management, blockchain, and application. Based on the IEC 61850 standard, we developed a communication network model f...
Because of the rapid advancement in the use of photovoltaic (PV) energy systems, it has become cr... more Because of the rapid advancement in the use of photovoltaic (PV) energy systems, it has become critical to look for ways to improve the energy generated by them. The extracted power from the PV modules is proportional to the output voltage. The relationship between output power and array voltage has only one peak under uniform irradiance, whereas it has multiple peaks under partial shade circumstances (PSC). There is only one global peak (GP) and many local peaks (LPs), where the typical maximum power point trackers (MPPT) may become locked in one of the LPs, significantly reducing the PV system's generated power and efficiency. The metaheuristic optimization algorithms (MOAs) solved this problem, albeit at the expense of the convergence time, which is one of these algorithms' key shortcomings. Most MOAs attempt to lower the convergence time at the cost of the failure rate and the accuracy of the findings because these two factors are interdependent. To address these issues,...
2021 6th International Conference on Renewable Energy: Generation and Applications (ICREGA)
This paper presents an economical study of the effect of demand-side management (DSM) by implemen... more This paper presents an economical study of the effect of demand-side management (DSM) by implementing a PV system on bulk customers on all elements of the electricity sector including their impact on grid operations and planning in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Demand Side Management is assumed to be applied in Riyadh, as a case study, using the concept of load shaving by photovoltaic system implementation for bulk customers as a segment to manage the demand during peak period. The Time of Use (ToU) tariff model is developed and incorporated in this study. Then an economical study is carried out to calculate the money-saving by Saudi Electricity Company as the impact of load shaving at peak period. Moreover, the paper considers the economic impact of the load reduction influences on the long-term forecast and hence the investment in the conventional generation power plants. Finally, the study determines how much is the saving of electricity bills for bulk customers due to PV implantation including the expected payback period to support the usefulness of adopting DSM for the electricity sector in KSA.
Modern Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques for Photovoltaic Energy Systems
This chapter discusses the photovoltaic (PV) characteristics, performance, modelling, maximum pow... more This chapter discusses the photovoltaic (PV) characteristics, performance, modelling, maximum power point tracker techniques and grid interconnection. It covers four different PV generator models with their characteristics and their performance analysis. In addition, the four most famous conventional MPPT techniques with some of the soft computing MPPT techniques have been discussed including detailed comparison, assessment, and discussion with the limitations, merits and demerits of these MPPT techniques. Interconnection of the PV energy system with electric utility has been discussed at the end of this chapter.
Advances in Renewable Energies and Power Technologies, 2018
Abstract Generation of electric power from renewable energy systems like photovoltaic (PV) can fe... more Abstract Generation of electric power from renewable energy systems like photovoltaic (PV) can feed the world with its need from energy. The generation of electricity from PV can be maximized using of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system. In this chapter, different techniques for MPPT under normal and partial shading conditions with their simulation and experimental setup have been introduced and discussed. An assessment for these techniques has been introduced and the comparison between the conventional techniques like hill climbing, incremental conductance, and perturb-and-observe has been compared with smart techniques using fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and particle swarm optimization techniques. The MPPT techniques introduced in this chapter used boost converter to control the terminal voltage of PV system to work at the maximum power point. The load side consists of battery and control switches to control the power flow from the PV system to the battery and the load. Cosimulation between PSIM and Simulink software packages are used to establish a model of PV module and dc–dc boost converter with the different techniques of MPPTs. The idea of the cosimulation is the advantage of each program to handle certain part of the system. An implementation of a general purpose FLC for use with general purpose embedded processors is introduced and discussed. This controller is used in the applications of MPPT of PV energy system as an application. Partial shading on some PV modules reduces the generated power from PV system than the maximum power generated from each module separately. The shaded PV module works as a load for unshaded ones, which increases the hot-spot effect. Connecting several PV modules together produces multiple peaks [one global peak (GP) and multiple local peaks (LPs)] on partial shading conditions. The above-mentioned MPPT techniques have been used to follow the GP. All these techniques can stick around LPs such as FLC. Modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) has been used to follow the GP under any operating conditions. MPSO has been studied and compared with FLC technique to show the superiority of this technique under all operating conditions. The simulation results show that the MPSO technique is more effective than FLC and other techniques in following the GP. The generated power has been increased considerably with MPSO than FLC technique in shading conditions. The results obtained show the superiority of using smart techniques in MPPT compared with conventional techniques especially in very fast change in atmospheric and in partial shading conditions. It also restrains any overshooting in input or output systems and increases a considerable amount of the energy captured.
2019 8th International Conference on Modeling Simulation and Applied Optimization (ICMSAO), 2019
Static Var Compensation (SVC) is consists of power electronics circuits to be used with the elect... more Static Var Compensation (SVC) is consists of power electronics circuits to be used with the electric power system for voltage control. SVC is considered as one of the most important and famous modules from the Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices. SVC is the economic constraints to affect the real network under variation of system operating conditions to maintain the voltage levels and to control the active and reactive power flows. The controlling system by the thyristors into the SVCs modules is more effective to provide fast-acting reactive power compensation. This paper discusses the optimum voltage control techniques using the SVC module with the transmission line to overcome the drop and the influence factors for the voltage in the power system. This paper uses the MATLAB/Simulink software to introduce the thyristors operation steps at coupling the shunt SVC module with the power system to reach the optimal compensation at the voltage drop in the power system. The simulation in this paper has been carried with IEEE-9 busbar distribution system as an example to shows the difference voltage and the power losses without and with SVC installation with the power system.
2022 4th International Youth Conference on Radio Electronics, Electrical and Power Engineering (REEPE)
The continuous increase in the load demand and the dwindling of fossil fuels makes the need for r... more The continuous increase in the load demand and the dwindling of fossil fuels makes the need for renewable energy sources (RES) such as wind and photovoltaic energy systems are not avoided. The intermittent nature of RES adds a reliability challenge to its use for loads in remote areas. This challenge can be overcome using more than one source in a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES), an energy storage system (ESS), and smart demand-side management (DSM). In this paper, autonomous HRES is introduced to feed a remote load in Saudi Arabia for minimum cost and the highest reliability. The proposed HRES is having wind and photovoltaic (PV) energy systems in addition to battery energy systems (BESS) and pumped hydro energy storage as an ESS system with a diesel generator as a backup. The proposed system has been designed using real-time pricing (RTP) as a DSM strategy. The proposed RTP with the day-ahead forecasting factor is introduced to work synergetically with the ESS to reduce the cost of energy and maximize the reliability of the proposed system. A modified cuckoo search optimization algorithm is introduced in this paper to reduce the convergence time and improve the accuracy of the size of the components of the HRES. The results shown in this study showed the superiority of using DR with day-ahead in the operation of the proposed HRES.
The overutilization of electric vehicles (EVs) has the potential to result in significant challen... more The overutilization of electric vehicles (EVs) has the potential to result in significant challenges regarding the reliability, contingency, and standby capabilities of traditional power systems. The utilization of renewable energy distributed generator (REDG) presents a potential solution to address these issues. By incorporating REDG, the reliance of EV charging power on conventional energy sources can be diminished, resulting in significant reductions in transmission losses and enhanced capacity within the traditional power system. The effective management of the REDG necessitates intelligent coordination between the available generation capacity of the REDG and the charging and discharging power of EVs. Furthermore, the utilization of EVs as a means of energy storage is facilitated through the integration of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology. Despite the importance of the V2G technology for EV owners and electric utility, it still has a slow progress due to the distrust of the re...
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
In this paper, a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) based on perturb and observe algorithm for ph... more In this paper, a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) based on perturb and observe algorithm for photovoltaic (PV) energy system is introduced. MPPT is a dc to dc converter that regulates the output power to ensure an optimum value of the PV module voltage to extract the maximum power from PV module. The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of operating the PV system at maximum power point under Egyptian conditions. The overall system is modeled by using MATLAB/Simulink program. The output power and energy from PV system in case of using MPPT based on perturb and observe algorithm are compared to those obtained by the system without MPPT. Results show that, the PV system with MPPT increases the efficiency of energy production harvested from PV.
This book proposes several new utility interface converters to reduce cost, harmonic contents in ... more This book proposes several new utility interface converters to reduce cost, harmonic contents in line currents and to increase the reliability in interconnecting renewable energy sources such as wind, solar (photovoltaic), and fuel cells to electric utility. A new third harmonic current injection technique has been presented to reduce harmonic contents in the line current of controlled converters. A low cost, high efficiency, four-switch, three-phase PWM converter has been presented to interface small wind turbine with electric utility. A modular wind energy system along with modular utility interface converter concept is presented for higher power wind energy systems with increased reliability and power quality of the power electronics converter. A combined low cost, high efficient inverter and peak power tracker has been presented for photovoltaic energy systems. A combined low cost, high efficient inverter and peak power tracker has been presented for photovoltaic energy systems. A combined low cost, high efficiency inverter and peak power tracker has been proposed. This converter operates close to the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array and forms a DC to AC inverter.
The problem of voltage collapse in power systems due to increased loads can be solved by adding r... more The problem of voltage collapse in power systems due to increased loads can be solved by adding renewable energy sources like wind and photovoltaic (PV) to some bus-bars. This option can reduce the cost of the generated energy and increase the system efficiency and reliability. In this paper, a modified smart technique using particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been introduced to select the hourly optimal load flow with renewable distributed generation (DG) integration under different operating conditions in the 30-bus IEEE system. Solar PV and wind power plants have been introduced to selected buses to evaluate theirs benefits as DG. Different solar radiation and wind speeds for the Dammam site in Saudi Arabia have been used as an example to study the feasibility of renewable energy integration and its effect on power system operation. Sensitivity analysis to the load and the other input data has been carried out to predict the sensitivity of the results to any deviation in the input data of the system. The obtained results from the proposed system prove that using of renewable energy sources as a DG reduces the generation and operation cost of the overall power system.
The widespread adoption of distributed energy resources (DERs) and the progress made in internet ... more The widespread adoption of distributed energy resources (DERs) and the progress made in internet of things (IoT) and cloud computing technologies have enabled and facilitated the development of various smart grid applications and services. This study aims to develop and implement a peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading platform that allows local energy trading between consumers and prosumers within a microgrid which combines IoT and blockchain technologies. The proposed platform comprises an IoT-cloud home energy management system (HEMS) responsible for gathering and storing energy consumption data and incorporates a blockchain framework that ensures secure and transparent energy trading. The proposed IoT–blockchain architecture utilizes a Chainlink oracle network and a private Ethereum blockchain. Through the use of smart contracts, consumers and prosumers can participate in an open auction to trade energy, while the settlement process involves acquiring external energy data from an AP...
With the rapidly growing energy consumption and the rising number of prosumers, next-generation e... more With the rapidly growing energy consumption and the rising number of prosumers, next-generation energy management systems are facing significant impacts by peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading, which will enable prosumers to sell and purchase energy locally. Until now, the large-scale deployment of P2P energy trading has still posed many technical challenges for both physical and virtual layers. Although the communication infrastructure represents the cornerstone to enabling real-time monitoring and control, less attention has been given to the performance of different communication technologies to support P2P implementations. This work investigates the scalability and performance of the communication infrastructure that supports P2P energy trading on a community microgrid. Five levels make up the developed P2P architecture: the power grid, communication network, cloud management, blockchain, and application. Based on the IEC 61850 standard, we developed a communication network model f...
Because of the rapid advancement in the use of photovoltaic (PV) energy systems, it has become cr... more Because of the rapid advancement in the use of photovoltaic (PV) energy systems, it has become critical to look for ways to improve the energy generated by them. The extracted power from the PV modules is proportional to the output voltage. The relationship between output power and array voltage has only one peak under uniform irradiance, whereas it has multiple peaks under partial shade circumstances (PSC). There is only one global peak (GP) and many local peaks (LPs), where the typical maximum power point trackers (MPPT) may become locked in one of the LPs, significantly reducing the PV system's generated power and efficiency. The metaheuristic optimization algorithms (MOAs) solved this problem, albeit at the expense of the convergence time, which is one of these algorithms' key shortcomings. Most MOAs attempt to lower the convergence time at the cost of the failure rate and the accuracy of the findings because these two factors are interdependent. To address these issues,...
2021 6th International Conference on Renewable Energy: Generation and Applications (ICREGA)
This paper presents an economical study of the effect of demand-side management (DSM) by implemen... more This paper presents an economical study of the effect of demand-side management (DSM) by implementing a PV system on bulk customers on all elements of the electricity sector including their impact on grid operations and planning in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Demand Side Management is assumed to be applied in Riyadh, as a case study, using the concept of load shaving by photovoltaic system implementation for bulk customers as a segment to manage the demand during peak period. The Time of Use (ToU) tariff model is developed and incorporated in this study. Then an economical study is carried out to calculate the money-saving by Saudi Electricity Company as the impact of load shaving at peak period. Moreover, the paper considers the economic impact of the load reduction influences on the long-term forecast and hence the investment in the conventional generation power plants. Finally, the study determines how much is the saving of electricity bills for bulk customers due to PV implantation including the expected payback period to support the usefulness of adopting DSM for the electricity sector in KSA.
Modern Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques for Photovoltaic Energy Systems
This chapter discusses the photovoltaic (PV) characteristics, performance, modelling, maximum pow... more This chapter discusses the photovoltaic (PV) characteristics, performance, modelling, maximum power point tracker techniques and grid interconnection. It covers four different PV generator models with their characteristics and their performance analysis. In addition, the four most famous conventional MPPT techniques with some of the soft computing MPPT techniques have been discussed including detailed comparison, assessment, and discussion with the limitations, merits and demerits of these MPPT techniques. Interconnection of the PV energy system with electric utility has been discussed at the end of this chapter.
Advances in Renewable Energies and Power Technologies, 2018
Abstract Generation of electric power from renewable energy systems like photovoltaic (PV) can fe... more Abstract Generation of electric power from renewable energy systems like photovoltaic (PV) can feed the world with its need from energy. The generation of electricity from PV can be maximized using of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system. In this chapter, different techniques for MPPT under normal and partial shading conditions with their simulation and experimental setup have been introduced and discussed. An assessment for these techniques has been introduced and the comparison between the conventional techniques like hill climbing, incremental conductance, and perturb-and-observe has been compared with smart techniques using fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and particle swarm optimization techniques. The MPPT techniques introduced in this chapter used boost converter to control the terminal voltage of PV system to work at the maximum power point. The load side consists of battery and control switches to control the power flow from the PV system to the battery and the load. Cosimulation between PSIM and Simulink software packages are used to establish a model of PV module and dc–dc boost converter with the different techniques of MPPTs. The idea of the cosimulation is the advantage of each program to handle certain part of the system. An implementation of a general purpose FLC for use with general purpose embedded processors is introduced and discussed. This controller is used in the applications of MPPT of PV energy system as an application. Partial shading on some PV modules reduces the generated power from PV system than the maximum power generated from each module separately. The shaded PV module works as a load for unshaded ones, which increases the hot-spot effect. Connecting several PV modules together produces multiple peaks [one global peak (GP) and multiple local peaks (LPs)] on partial shading conditions. The above-mentioned MPPT techniques have been used to follow the GP. All these techniques can stick around LPs such as FLC. Modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) has been used to follow the GP under any operating conditions. MPSO has been studied and compared with FLC technique to show the superiority of this technique under all operating conditions. The simulation results show that the MPSO technique is more effective than FLC and other techniques in following the GP. The generated power has been increased considerably with MPSO than FLC technique in shading conditions. The results obtained show the superiority of using smart techniques in MPPT compared with conventional techniques especially in very fast change in atmospheric and in partial shading conditions. It also restrains any overshooting in input or output systems and increases a considerable amount of the energy captured.
2019 8th International Conference on Modeling Simulation and Applied Optimization (ICMSAO), 2019
Static Var Compensation (SVC) is consists of power electronics circuits to be used with the elect... more Static Var Compensation (SVC) is consists of power electronics circuits to be used with the electric power system for voltage control. SVC is considered as one of the most important and famous modules from the Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices. SVC is the economic constraints to affect the real network under variation of system operating conditions to maintain the voltage levels and to control the active and reactive power flows. The controlling system by the thyristors into the SVCs modules is more effective to provide fast-acting reactive power compensation. This paper discusses the optimum voltage control techniques using the SVC module with the transmission line to overcome the drop and the influence factors for the voltage in the power system. This paper uses the MATLAB/Simulink software to introduce the thyristors operation steps at coupling the shunt SVC module with the power system to reach the optimal compensation at the voltage drop in the power system. The simulation in this paper has been carried with IEEE-9 busbar distribution system as an example to shows the difference voltage and the power losses without and with SVC installation with the power system.
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