As a rising great power, China is expanding its activities and interests globally, including in t... more As a rising great power, China is expanding its activities and interests globally, including in the region of Latin America. Since the beginning of the 21 st century, Chinese trade and investments have grown precipitously throughout Latin America. Additionally, China has engaged in a public diplomacy campaign to enhance its soft power in the region. This has been led by its flagship cultural exchange program, the Confucius Institute. To what extent have China's activities in the region shaped the public perception of China? This study utilizes research from the Latinobarómetro public opinion survey. Analysis is conducted for the years 2015 and 2018. The results suggest that Chinese economic activities have had mixed and minimal effects while its Confucius Institutes have been counterproductive.
President Kennedy created the Peace Corps by an executive order in 1961. Early in its history the... more President Kennedy created the Peace Corps by an executive order in 1961. Early in its history the organization grew, but it declined throughout the 1970s and 1980s. The Peace Corps experienced a revival in the early 1990s, expanding into new countries. That expansion was curtailed by the mid-1990s. Despite multiple proposals from subsequent presidents to expand the Peace Corps, that expansion was not forthcoming. The primary purpose of this research is to analyze the factors that led to decisions to close a Peace Corps country program. Early closures were most often due to political violence in the host country or the expulsion of the Peace Corps by the government of the host country. However, in recent years most country programs closed due to budgetary considerations and a lack of funding for the Peace Corps. The evidence suggests that Peace Corps will only thrive if the president is actively supportive of the organization and appoints a Peace Corps director with close ties to the president
This article compares China’s rise in Asia today with Germany’s rise in Europe in the early twent... more This article compares China’s rise in Asia today with Germany’s rise in Europe in the early twentieth century. In both cases, the regional hierarchy exhibited rapid change and a power transition, with Germany surpassing Great Britain and China surpassing Japan. To understand the implications and the consequences of the changing relative power hierarchy, I examine both cases through the lens of the Power Transition Theory. With an understanding of the possible outcomes of a regional power transition, this study engages a debate as to the correct direction of U.S. foreign policy. I argue that the United States should adopt a strategy of engagement. The proposed U.S. military “pivot” toward Asia is most likely to prevent a regional great power conflict.
... 2 An enduring rivalry has been defined by Paul Diehl (1985) as any two states that have had t... more ... 2 An enduring rivalry has been defined by Paul Diehl (1985) as any two states that have had three militarized disputes within the last fifteen years and by Frank Wayman (1996) as any two states that have had at least two disputes every ten ... Faber, Henry S., and Joanne Gowa. ...
President Kennedy created the Peace Corps by an executive order in 1961. Early in its history the... more President Kennedy created the Peace Corps by an executive order in 1961. Early in its history the organization grew, but it declined throughout the 1970s and 1980s. The Peace Corps experienced a revival in the early 1990s, expanding into new countries. That expansion was curtailed by the mid-1990s. Despite multiple proposals from subsequent presidents to expand the Peace Corps, that expansion was not forthcoming. The primary purpose of this research is to analyze the factors that led to decisions to close a Peace Corps country program. Early closures were most often due to political violence in the host country or the expulsion of the Peace Corps by the government of the host country. However, in recent years most country programs closed due to budgetary considerations and a lack of funding for the Peace Corps. The evidence suggests that Peace Corps will only thrive if the president is actively supportive of the organization and appoints a Peace Corps director with close ties to the president
This article compares China’s rise in Asia today with Germany’s rise in Europe in the early twent... more This article compares China’s rise in Asia today with Germany’s rise in Europe in the early twentieth century. In both cases, the regional hierarchy exhibited rapid change and a power transition, with Germany surpassing Great Britain and China surpassing Japan. To understand the implications and the consequences of the changing relative power hierarchy, I examine both cases through the lens of the Power Transition Theory. With an understanding of the possible outcomes of a regional power transition, this study engages a debate as to the correct direction of U.S. foreign policy. I argue that the United States should adopt a strategy of engagement. The proposed U.S. military “pivot” toward Asia is most likely to prevent a regional great power conflict. In early
... 2 I thank JaeSun Riley for his research assistance, and I thank Marc G. Pufong and the anonym... more ... 2 I thank JaeSun Riley for his research assistance, and I thank Marc G. Pufong and the anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. ... force.28 Some individual members of Congress have tried to invoke the WPR, but with no success.29 How have Presidents been able to turn ...
ABSTRACT In his article in International Politics, Harald Müller (2004) attempts to explain why s... more ABSTRACT In his article in International Politics, Harald Müller (2004) attempts to explain why some democracies fight wars through the development of two ideal types of democracy, one that adopts the stance of militant liberalism and the other of pacifist liberalism. This article offers a critique of Müller's argument and his classification of militant and pacifist democracies. As an alternative explanation I turn to empirical uniformities on war that have been identified through quantitative, data-based research as increasing the probability of the onset of war. These factors include power status, duration of independence, number and type of borders, the presence of enduring rivalry, and the level of economic development. I will demonstrate that these factors are more important in explaining the warlike nature of some democracies.International Politics (2008) 45, 168-181. doi:10.1057/palgrave.ip.8800225
... 2 An enduring rivalry has been defined by Paul Diehl (1985) as any two states that have had t... more ... 2 An enduring rivalry has been defined by Paul Diehl (1985) as any two states that have had three militarized disputes within the last fifteen years and by Frank Wayman (1996) as any two states that have had at least two disputes every ten ... Faber, Henry S., and Joanne Gowa. ...
This paper examines democracy and civil-military relations in Turkey. A discussion on the militar... more This paper examines democracy and civil-military relations in Turkey. A discussion on the military's role in politics is followed by an examination of military interventions of 1960, 1971,and 1980. This paper argues that with each intervention the military's autonomy has grown stronger, an it has continued to strengthen its position vis-a-vis other state institutions and the civil society. The recent (1997) "soft coup" against the Islamic Welfare Party (WP) in Turkey support the argument of this paper. This case shows a legitimate political party being forced from power and legally barred from political power because it represented an ideological viewpoint counter to the military's
As a rising great power, China is expanding its activities and interests globally, including in t... more As a rising great power, China is expanding its activities and interests globally, including in the region of Latin America. Since the beginning of the 21 st century, Chinese trade and investments have grown precipitously throughout Latin America. Additionally, China has engaged in a public diplomacy campaign to enhance its soft power in the region. This has been led by its flagship cultural exchange program, the Confucius Institute. To what extent have China's activities in the region shaped the public perception of China? This study utilizes research from the Latinobarómetro public opinion survey. Analysis is conducted for the years 2015 and 2018. The results suggest that Chinese economic activities have had mixed and minimal effects while its Confucius Institutes have been counterproductive.
President Kennedy created the Peace Corps by an executive order in 1961. Early in its history the... more President Kennedy created the Peace Corps by an executive order in 1961. Early in its history the organization grew, but it declined throughout the 1970s and 1980s. The Peace Corps experienced a revival in the early 1990s, expanding into new countries. That expansion was curtailed by the mid-1990s. Despite multiple proposals from subsequent presidents to expand the Peace Corps, that expansion was not forthcoming. The primary purpose of this research is to analyze the factors that led to decisions to close a Peace Corps country program. Early closures were most often due to political violence in the host country or the expulsion of the Peace Corps by the government of the host country. However, in recent years most country programs closed due to budgetary considerations and a lack of funding for the Peace Corps. The evidence suggests that Peace Corps will only thrive if the president is actively supportive of the organization and appoints a Peace Corps director with close ties to the president
This article compares China’s rise in Asia today with Germany’s rise in Europe in the early twent... more This article compares China’s rise in Asia today with Germany’s rise in Europe in the early twentieth century. In both cases, the regional hierarchy exhibited rapid change and a power transition, with Germany surpassing Great Britain and China surpassing Japan. To understand the implications and the consequences of the changing relative power hierarchy, I examine both cases through the lens of the Power Transition Theory. With an understanding of the possible outcomes of a regional power transition, this study engages a debate as to the correct direction of U.S. foreign policy. I argue that the United States should adopt a strategy of engagement. The proposed U.S. military “pivot” toward Asia is most likely to prevent a regional great power conflict.
... 2 An enduring rivalry has been defined by Paul Diehl (1985) as any two states that have had t... more ... 2 An enduring rivalry has been defined by Paul Diehl (1985) as any two states that have had three militarized disputes within the last fifteen years and by Frank Wayman (1996) as any two states that have had at least two disputes every ten ... Faber, Henry S., and Joanne Gowa. ...
President Kennedy created the Peace Corps by an executive order in 1961. Early in its history the... more President Kennedy created the Peace Corps by an executive order in 1961. Early in its history the organization grew, but it declined throughout the 1970s and 1980s. The Peace Corps experienced a revival in the early 1990s, expanding into new countries. That expansion was curtailed by the mid-1990s. Despite multiple proposals from subsequent presidents to expand the Peace Corps, that expansion was not forthcoming. The primary purpose of this research is to analyze the factors that led to decisions to close a Peace Corps country program. Early closures were most often due to political violence in the host country or the expulsion of the Peace Corps by the government of the host country. However, in recent years most country programs closed due to budgetary considerations and a lack of funding for the Peace Corps. The evidence suggests that Peace Corps will only thrive if the president is actively supportive of the organization and appoints a Peace Corps director with close ties to the president
This article compares China’s rise in Asia today with Germany’s rise in Europe in the early twent... more This article compares China’s rise in Asia today with Germany’s rise in Europe in the early twentieth century. In both cases, the regional hierarchy exhibited rapid change and a power transition, with Germany surpassing Great Britain and China surpassing Japan. To understand the implications and the consequences of the changing relative power hierarchy, I examine both cases through the lens of the Power Transition Theory. With an understanding of the possible outcomes of a regional power transition, this study engages a debate as to the correct direction of U.S. foreign policy. I argue that the United States should adopt a strategy of engagement. The proposed U.S. military “pivot” toward Asia is most likely to prevent a regional great power conflict. In early
... 2 I thank JaeSun Riley for his research assistance, and I thank Marc G. Pufong and the anonym... more ... 2 I thank JaeSun Riley for his research assistance, and I thank Marc G. Pufong and the anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. ... force.28 Some individual members of Congress have tried to invoke the WPR, but with no success.29 How have Presidents been able to turn ...
ABSTRACT In his article in International Politics, Harald Müller (2004) attempts to explain why s... more ABSTRACT In his article in International Politics, Harald Müller (2004) attempts to explain why some democracies fight wars through the development of two ideal types of democracy, one that adopts the stance of militant liberalism and the other of pacifist liberalism. This article offers a critique of Müller's argument and his classification of militant and pacifist democracies. As an alternative explanation I turn to empirical uniformities on war that have been identified through quantitative, data-based research as increasing the probability of the onset of war. These factors include power status, duration of independence, number and type of borders, the presence of enduring rivalry, and the level of economic development. I will demonstrate that these factors are more important in explaining the warlike nature of some democracies.International Politics (2008) 45, 168-181. doi:10.1057/palgrave.ip.8800225
... 2 An enduring rivalry has been defined by Paul Diehl (1985) as any two states that have had t... more ... 2 An enduring rivalry has been defined by Paul Diehl (1985) as any two states that have had three militarized disputes within the last fifteen years and by Frank Wayman (1996) as any two states that have had at least two disputes every ten ... Faber, Henry S., and Joanne Gowa. ...
This paper examines democracy and civil-military relations in Turkey. A discussion on the militar... more This paper examines democracy and civil-military relations in Turkey. A discussion on the military's role in politics is followed by an examination of military interventions of 1960, 1971,and 1980. This paper argues that with each intervention the military's autonomy has grown stronger, an it has continued to strengthen its position vis-a-vis other state institutions and the civil society. The recent (1997) "soft coup" against the Islamic Welfare Party (WP) in Turkey support the argument of this paper. This case shows a legitimate political party being forced from power and legally barred from political power because it represented an ideological viewpoint counter to the military's
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