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Khalid Alsafi

King AbdulAziz University (KAU) Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Radiology (Medical Physics Unit), Associate Professor

University of Surrey, Physics, Graduate Student

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I am working in Medical Physics field as a consultant medical physicist. Radiation protection in nuclear medicine, diagnostic radiology, food irradiation is my interest.

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University of California, Santa Barbara

Antioch University

University of British Columbia

Roshan Chitrakar

Nepal College of Information Technology

Graduate Center of the City University of New York

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

University of Sarajevo

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RIVERS STATE POLYTECHNIC

Guilherme Moerbeck

UERJ - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Rio de Janeiro State University

Yalova University

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Papers by Khalid Alsafi

Establishment of institutional diagnostic reference level for computed tomography with automated dose-tracking software

Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences, 2017

Introduction: The aim of this study was to establish institutional diagnostic reference levels (D... more Introduction: The aim of this study was to establish institutional diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) by summarising doses collected across the five computed tomography (CT) system in our institution. Methods: CT dose data of 15940 patients were collected retrospectively from May 2015 to October 2015 in five institutional scanners. The mean, 75th percentile and 90th percentile of the dose spread were calculated according to anatomic region. The common CT examinations such as head, chest, combined abdomen/pelvis (A/ P), and combined chest/abdomen/pelvis (C/A/P) were reviewed. Distribution of CT dose index (CTDIvol), dose-length product (DLP) and effective dose (ED) were extracted from the data for single-phasic and multiphasic examinations. Results: The institutional DRL for our CT units were established as mean (50th percentile) of CTDIvol (mGy), DLP (mGy.cm) and ED (mSv) for single and multiphasic studies using the dose-tracking software.

Job belonging among healthcare workers in radiology departments in Saudi Arabia

Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences

Potentially harmful elements in urban surface deposited sediment of Ekaterinburg, Russia: Occurrence, source appointment and risk assessment

Chemosphere

Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk Associated with Granite Bearing Radioactive Minerals and Valuable Metals, Monqul Area, North Eastern Desert, Egypt

Materials

The present work is concerned with assessing the cancer risk contributed by the studied granite t... more The present work is concerned with assessing the cancer risk contributed by the studied granite types including valuable metals, such as Cu, Au, and Ba mineralization, as well as radioactive-bearing mineralization, such as monazite and zircon, in south Monqul at Wadi Makhrag El Ebel, north Eastern Desert, Egypt. The mineralization analyses illustrated that copper mineralization containing chrysocolla and tenorite minerals were restricted to the alteration zone, especially (argillic, phyllic, and propylitic) in monzogranite. However, barite veinlets had an ENE–WSW trend, while gold mineralization was confined to quartz veins having NE–SW trends. Monazite and zircon are radioactive-bearing minerals recorded in monzogranite causing high radioactive zones in south Monqul. The radionuclide activity concentrations were detected in the studied monzogranites. The mean values of AU (103 ± 91 Bq kg−1), ATh (78 ± 19 Bq kg−1), and AK (1484 ± 334 Bq kg−1) in the monzogranite samples were higher ...

Cancer Risk Assessment and Geochemical Features of Granitoids at Nikeiba, Southeastern Desert, Egypt

Minerals

Different rock types (syenogranite, alkali feldspar granite and quartz syenite intruded by microg... more Different rock types (syenogranite, alkali feldspar granite and quartz syenite intruded by microgranite dikes and quartz veins) were investigated in the Nikeiba region in Egypt. The main components of the studied intrusive rocks, comprised of granites and quartz syenite, are plagioclase, amphibole, biotite, quartz and K-feldspar in different proportions. Ground gamma ray measurements show that syenogranite, quartz syenite and microgranite dikes have the highest radioactivity (K, eU, eTh and their ratios) in comparison with alkali feldspar granite. Geochemically, syenogranite, alkali feldspar granite and quartz syenite are enriched with large-ion lithophile elements (LILE; Ba, Rb, Sr) and high field-strength elements (HFSE; Y, Zr and Nb), but have decreased Ce, reflecting their alkaline affinity. These rocks reveal calc–alkaline affinity, metaluminous characteristics, A-type granites and post-collision geochemical signatures, which indicates emplacement in within-plate environments u...

Computed Tomography Angiography Compared to Catheter Based Angiography in Evaluation of Cerebral Arterial Aneurysm and Arteriovenous Malformation

Open Journal of Medical Imaging, 2014

Both cerebral arterial aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation are cerebrovascular disease, which... more Both cerebral arterial aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation are cerebrovascular disease, which required immediate diagnosis and urgent treatment. Since the introduction of multislice CT scanners, CT angiography (CTA) has become a powerful tool for imaging the vascular system. The goal of this study is to compare catheter based angiography and CTA in the evaluation of cerebral arterial aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation AVM. A retrospective analysis of 50 patients for exploring the record of patient who underwent both multislice CT angiography (MSCTA) and catheter based angiography before treatment is presented during last one year in the department of Radiology, King Fahd Hospital-Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The sensitivity of CTA for picking up aneurysm is 86% and the sensitivity of catheter based angiography for picking up aneurysm is 97%. The specificity of CTA for picking up aneurysm is (76%), the false positive cases are (3%) and the false negative cases are 10%. The sensitivity of both CTA and catheter based angiography for picking up arteriovenous malformation is (90%). The specificity of CTA for picking up AVM is (76%), the false positive cases are (10%) and no false negative cases in CTA are found. The sensitivity and specificity of catheter based angiography is 100% in diagnosis and detection of cerebral arterial aneurysm and AVM. The present study concluded that CTA has high sensitivity and specificity in detecting aneurysm and AVM enough to be chosen as the first step. Catheter based angiography, still a gold standard for radiology examination, is the most accurate, sensitive and specific method in diagnosis and detection of cerebral arterial aneurysm and arteriovenous * Corresponding author. malformation, which can be done as the second step. In addition, catheter based angiography is done for treatment planning, treatment with interventional procedure and for prognosis after treatment.

Radiation Protection in X-Ray Computed Tomography: Literature Review

International Journal of Radiology and Imaging Technology, 2016

The principal concern for any patient undergoing a diagnostic CT examination is the risk of devel... more

Environmental risk assessment associated with acidic volcanics in Egypt

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

OUP accepted manuscript

Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 2019

Radiation measurements were made to support radiation protection decisions and instructions conce... more Radiation measurements were made to support radiation protection decisions and instructions concerning the release of patients receiving 131I treatment in Sudan. In hyperthyroidism, administered activity ranged from 370 to 1110 MBq (average: 817.8 MBq), and air-absorbed dose rate at 1 m in front of the patients varied from 20 to 66 μGy h−1 (average: 47.0 μGy h−1). For thyroid cancer patients, the administered activity ranged from 3700 to 7400 MBq (average: 4816.2 MBq), and the air-absorbed dose rate at 1 m in front of the patients ranged from 3 to 55 μSv h−1 (average: 19.2 μSv h−1). On average, the contamination activity was highest in the patients’ clothes: 11.0 Bq cm−2, followed by the toilet: 6.6 Bq cm−2 and the front bed: 2.9 Bq cm−2. The estimated release times from the confinement were well with the radiation safety criteria, whereas instruction are given concerning precaution times to limit radiation exposure to family members and co-worker.

Functional MRI and MR Spectroscopy Utilization in Jeddah Hospitals

Open Journal of Medical Imaging, 2015

Functional magnetic resonance imaging "fMRI" and magnetic resonance spectroscopy "MRS" are two cr... more Functional magnetic resonance imaging "fMRI" and magnetic resonance spectroscopy "MRS" are two crucial milestones that were introduced apart from one another into brain imaging and their implementation in major local cities is eventual step. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare those techniques in terms of their clinical utilization in patient care delivery among the major governmental and private hospitals within Jeddah city. The study initially included eighteen hospitals to identify whether they were utilizing fMRI and MRS in their clinical practice. Out of the 18 hospitals under study only one hospital (5.6%) had both fMRI and MRS software; 7 (38.9%) had MRS but not fMRI; 4 (22.2%) did not have fMRI or MRS; and 6 (33.3%) hospitals had no MRI machine at all. Out of the eight hospitals applying MRS with one being excluded, the starting date of application was 2002 in 4 (57.1%) hospitals, 2004 in 1 (14.3%) hospital, and 2006 in 2 (28.6%) hospitals. The frequency of doing MRS was once a week in 2 (28.6%) hospitals, 2-3 cases/week in 3 (42.9%) hospitals, 5-10 cases/week in 1 (14.3%) hospital, and once every 6 months in 1 (14.3%) hospital. On the other hand, fMRI was applied only by one hospital starting in 2000 and was soon dismissed due to its time consumption and the inability of patients to accurately follow given instructions. It was concluded that MRS was more widely utilized compared to fMRI. Later on, a follow-up survey in the year of 2014 demonstrated that MRS has started to become a standard service in most hospitals whereas fMRI was still being unrecognized.

A New Hybrid Approach Toward Spinal Deformities Radiographic Images Diagnosis

Journal of Applied Sciences, 2015

In this study, a new hybrid method of Image stitching that utilizes both advantages of feature ba... more In this study, a new hybrid method of Image stitching that utilizes both advantages of feature based and direct based methods to identify and merge pairs of x-ray medical images is presented. The performance of the proposed method based on this hybrid approach is investigated and discussed. The ability of the method to classify overlapping pairs of images is demonstrated. It is observed that the proposed method displays comparable or superior performance to the SIFT method described in the literature on the standard databases. These results reveal the potential of the proposed method for further development to tackle more advanced stitching problems.

Effective dose estimation during conventional and CT urography

Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2014

Patient effective doses were evaluated for CT urography and intravenous urography. Radiation dose... more Patient effective doses were evaluated for CT urography and intravenous urography. Radiation doses were measured using a calibrated TLD GR200A and calibrated dose descriptors annexed to the CT machines. Patient effective dose and radiation cancer risks are low compared to the previous studies. The effective dose from CTU procedures was 30% higher compared to IVU procedures. Wide dose variation between patient doses suggests that optimization is not fulfilled yet.

Accuracy of Ultrasound to Determine Gestational Age in Third Trimester

Open Journal of Medical Imaging, 2014

Rapid and accurate determination of gestational age (GA) may be vital to the appropriate care of ... more Rapid and accurate determination of gestational age (GA) may be vital to the appropriate care of the critically ill pregnant patient and improve obstetric care through allowing the optimal timing of necessary interventions and the avoidance of unnecessary ones. Ultrasound scans are considered to be the most cost-effective, accurate and safe methods for measurement of various fetal parts in pregnant women. The aim of this research is to explore the accuracy of ultrasound in determining gestational age of fetus in third trimesters. Data collected for all pregnant women referred to the Maternity & Children's Hospital in Jeddah. Only women with single live fetus were included in this study. Women who participated in the study were selected on following criteria: Regular menstrual cycles, known date of last menstrual period and previous live normal neonates in multipara. All scans were performed by a single ultrasonologist on one ultrasound machine. From collected data, it was found that out of 53 (100%) patients, 44 (84.62%) pregnant woman have different gestational age from US and last menstrual period (LMP). From this study we can conclude that the main method to follow fetus growth in third trimester not biparietal diameter (BPD) measurement only. The BPD in third trimester is not reliable and be useless when the patient pass 30 weeks and the BPD has to be side with other measurements when we take it in later trimesters to emphasize the normal growth of fetus and avoid wrong measurement of ultrasound.

Energy and dose rate response of radiation protection area survey meters measuring X and γ-radiation

f-MRI Correlates of Picture Naming in Arabic Bilinguals (P4.049)

Neurology, 2016

Background: Neuroimaging studies demonstrated disparities in neural networks associated with pict... more Background: Neuroimaging studies demonstrated disparities in neural networks associated with picture naming of living vs nonliving objects. Naming animals, relative to tools, showed greater activations in bilateral fusiform gyri, bilateral occipital regions, and left mesial and ventral prefrontal regions. Naming tools, relative to animals, showed greater activations in bilateral parietal and the left inferior frontal cortices, in addition to temporal regions. Most studies were done on English monolinguals, however. Of the fewer studies performed on bilinguals, some reported distinctions in the areas utilised in object naming tasks, while others reported overlapping maps with monolinguals. Object naming tasks were not sufficiently invistigated in Arabic-English bilinguals. Objective: f-MRI mapping of cortical regions associated with picture naming of living and nonliving objects among Arabic-English bilinguals. Methods: fMRI of silent picture naming of 20 simple drawings of tools and...

Natural Radioactivity and Radiological Risk Parameters in Local and Imported Building Materials Used in Sudan

Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 2020

Natural radioactivity levels in selected types of building materials used in Sudan were measured ... more Natural radioactivity levels in selected types of building materials used in Sudan were measured using gamma spectrometry. Radioactivity concentrations were measured in 52 samples including cements, porcelain ware, and ceramic tiles, cement blocks, and red clay bricks. Representative samples were powdered and stored in polyethylene Marinelli containers for four weeks to attain equilibrium between 226 Ra and 232 Th and their daughters before measurements. The average radioactivity (Bq.kg -1 ) of 226 Ra,

f-MRI Correlates of Single-Word Reading in Arabic Bilinguals (P4.017)

Neurology, 2016

The Spectral Measurement of Scattered Radiation From a Clinical Linear Accelerator Using a CZT Detector

Advances in Life Science and Technology, 2020

The study of the induced radioactivity following radiotherapy with high energy X-rays from medica... more The study of the induced radioactivity following radiotherapy with high energy X-rays from medical linear accelerator. Patient equivalent phantom made of Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) of 30x30x27 cm size irradiated with 15 MV X-rays from Versa HD medical linear accelerator form Elekta. Induced radioactive and ambient dose rates were measured at 0.25, 0.5 and 1 m from beam center using GR1® spectrometry with Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) detectors having energy resolution less than 2%. Spectrum analysis was performed using MultiSpect software. The measured spectrum showed 511 keV annihilation photons possibly as a result of positron emitter of which most likely candidates are 62 Cu(T1/2: 9.7 min), 64 Cu (T1/2: 12.7 h) and 57 Ni (T1/2: 35.6 h) and a peak at ≈ 1780 keV that could be attributed 28 Al and 214 Bi radioisotope. Ambient photon dose rates post radiotherapy treatment ranged 660 µGyh-1 at o.5 m to 41 µGyh-1 at 1 m. These values agree well with the results presented in the literature.

The Role of Radioactive Iodine in Thyrotoxicosis Patients

British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 2015

ABSTRACT Aims: The primary objective of this study is to investigate the treatment of Graves&... more ABSTRACT Aims: The primary objective of this study is to investigate the treatment of Graves&#39; Disease (GD) with radioactive iodine (131 I-NaI), presenting the clinical symptoms suffered from patients, and evaluating the level of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) before and after the therapy procedure. Study Design: This project is considered as a retrospective project, non-randomized, observational clinical case series. Clinical symptoms produced by GD were stratified according to patients&#39; gender and age, and a comparison between T3, T4 and TSH was done before and after the radioiodine therapy.. Methodology: The records of patients with clinical diagnosis of Thyrotoxicosis who were registered in the nuclear medicine department during academic year 2012-2013 to perform thyroid scan retrospectively were analyzed. Data from 21 patients was collected before and after the administration of radioiodine therapeutic activity. Thyroid scintigraphy and thyroid functional tests (TFT) were conducted on all patients enrolled in the present study. Results: The most common clinical symptoms produced by GD were tachycardia, weight loss, excessive sweating and tremors. A total of 90% of the patients were under anti-thyroid drug medication before taking radioiodine therapy while 10% were not. TFT results showed that 95% of patients presented abnormal thyroid function. Aside from excessive sweating, no significant association between age and clinical symptoms was observed. A significant increase in TSH level and decrease in T3 and T4 was observed at three-months after therapy procedure. Within six months post-therapy, 60% of patients showed clinical symptoms of hypothyroidism, 30% presented TFT results compatible with normal thyroid function, and only 10% showed no response to treatment. Conclusion: Radioactive iodine is an excellent alternative for GD treatment compared to other therapeutic approaches, presenting less complication than surgery procedure and reverse possibility when patients are treated with anti-thyroid drug medication.

CT Optimization for Diagnosis of Some Acute Abdomen Cases

Advances in Computed Tomography, 2015

The acute abdomen is one of the most frequent causes for presentation to the emergency department... more The acute abdomen is one of the most frequent causes for presentation to the emergency department. Imaging plays an important role for an accurate diagnosis, which in turn diminishes morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to demonstrate optimum CT aspects and emphasize on the important features of CT for those patients presenting with an acute abdominal pain at the Emergency Department both in general and in a number of selected conditions (appendicitis, small-bowel obstruction, acute pancreatitis, and diverticulitis). The reported data by this study are based on the author working experience, which forms a continuous protocol adjustment process. The present study provides evidence that CT would result in definite diagnosis of patients with abdominal pain in terms of the detection of some urgent conditions.

Establishment of institutional diagnostic reference level for computed tomography with automated dose-tracking software

Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences, 2017

Introduction: The aim of this study was to establish institutional diagnostic reference levels (D... more Introduction: The aim of this study was to establish institutional diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) by summarising doses collected across the five computed tomography (CT) system in our institution. Methods: CT dose data of 15940 patients were collected retrospectively from May 2015 to October 2015 in five institutional scanners. The mean, 75th percentile and 90th percentile of the dose spread were calculated according to anatomic region. The common CT examinations such as head, chest, combined abdomen/pelvis (A/ P), and combined chest/abdomen/pelvis (C/A/P) were reviewed. Distribution of CT dose index (CTDIvol), dose-length product (DLP) and effective dose (ED) were extracted from the data for single-phasic and multiphasic examinations. Results: The institutional DRL for our CT units were established as mean (50th percentile) of CTDIvol (mGy), DLP (mGy.cm) and ED (mSv) for single and multiphasic studies using the dose-tracking software.

Job belonging among healthcare workers in radiology departments in Saudi Arabia

Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences

Potentially harmful elements in urban surface deposited sediment of Ekaterinburg, Russia: Occurrence, source appointment and risk assessment

Chemosphere

Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk Associated with Granite Bearing Radioactive Minerals and Valuable Metals, Monqul Area, North Eastern Desert, Egypt

Materials

The present work is concerned with assessing the cancer risk contributed by the studied granite t... more The present work is concerned with assessing the cancer risk contributed by the studied granite types including valuable metals, such as Cu, Au, and Ba mineralization, as well as radioactive-bearing mineralization, such as monazite and zircon, in south Monqul at Wadi Makhrag El Ebel, north Eastern Desert, Egypt. The mineralization analyses illustrated that copper mineralization containing chrysocolla and tenorite minerals were restricted to the alteration zone, especially (argillic, phyllic, and propylitic) in monzogranite. However, barite veinlets had an ENE–WSW trend, while gold mineralization was confined to quartz veins having NE–SW trends. Monazite and zircon are radioactive-bearing minerals recorded in monzogranite causing high radioactive zones in south Monqul. The radionuclide activity concentrations were detected in the studied monzogranites. The mean values of AU (103 ± 91 Bq kg−1), ATh (78 ± 19 Bq kg−1), and AK (1484 ± 334 Bq kg−1) in the monzogranite samples were higher ...

Cancer Risk Assessment and Geochemical Features of Granitoids at Nikeiba, Southeastern Desert, Egypt

Minerals

Different rock types (syenogranite, alkali feldspar granite and quartz syenite intruded by microg... more Different rock types (syenogranite, alkali feldspar granite and quartz syenite intruded by microgranite dikes and quartz veins) were investigated in the Nikeiba region in Egypt. The main components of the studied intrusive rocks, comprised of granites and quartz syenite, are plagioclase, amphibole, biotite, quartz and K-feldspar in different proportions. Ground gamma ray measurements show that syenogranite, quartz syenite and microgranite dikes have the highest radioactivity (K, eU, eTh and their ratios) in comparison with alkali feldspar granite. Geochemically, syenogranite, alkali feldspar granite and quartz syenite are enriched with large-ion lithophile elements (LILE; Ba, Rb, Sr) and high field-strength elements (HFSE; Y, Zr and Nb), but have decreased Ce, reflecting their alkaline affinity. These rocks reveal calc–alkaline affinity, metaluminous characteristics, A-type granites and post-collision geochemical signatures, which indicates emplacement in within-plate environments u...

Computed Tomography Angiography Compared to Catheter Based Angiography in Evaluation of Cerebral Arterial Aneurysm and Arteriovenous Malformation

Open Journal of Medical Imaging, 2014

Both cerebral arterial aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation are cerebrovascular disease, which... more Both cerebral arterial aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation are cerebrovascular disease, which required immediate diagnosis and urgent treatment. Since the introduction of multislice CT scanners, CT angiography (CTA) has become a powerful tool for imaging the vascular system. The goal of this study is to compare catheter based angiography and CTA in the evaluation of cerebral arterial aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation AVM. A retrospective analysis of 50 patients for exploring the record of patient who underwent both multislice CT angiography (MSCTA) and catheter based angiography before treatment is presented during last one year in the department of Radiology, King Fahd Hospital-Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The sensitivity of CTA for picking up aneurysm is 86% and the sensitivity of catheter based angiography for picking up aneurysm is 97%. The specificity of CTA for picking up aneurysm is (76%), the false positive cases are (3%) and the false negative cases are 10%. The sensitivity of both CTA and catheter based angiography for picking up arteriovenous malformation is (90%). The specificity of CTA for picking up AVM is (76%), the false positive cases are (10%) and no false negative cases in CTA are found. The sensitivity and specificity of catheter based angiography is 100% in diagnosis and detection of cerebral arterial aneurysm and AVM. The present study concluded that CTA has high sensitivity and specificity in detecting aneurysm and AVM enough to be chosen as the first step. Catheter based angiography, still a gold standard for radiology examination, is the most accurate, sensitive and specific method in diagnosis and detection of cerebral arterial aneurysm and arteriovenous * Corresponding author. malformation, which can be done as the second step. In addition, catheter based angiography is done for treatment planning, treatment with interventional procedure and for prognosis after treatment.

Radiation Protection in X-Ray Computed Tomography: Literature Review

International Journal of Radiology and Imaging Technology, 2016

The principal concern for any patient undergoing a diagnostic CT examination is the risk of devel... more

Environmental risk assessment associated with acidic volcanics in Egypt

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

OUP accepted manuscript

Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 2019

Radiation measurements were made to support radiation protection decisions and instructions conce... more Radiation measurements were made to support radiation protection decisions and instructions concerning the release of patients receiving 131I treatment in Sudan. In hyperthyroidism, administered activity ranged from 370 to 1110 MBq (average: 817.8 MBq), and air-absorbed dose rate at 1 m in front of the patients varied from 20 to 66 μGy h−1 (average: 47.0 μGy h−1). For thyroid cancer patients, the administered activity ranged from 3700 to 7400 MBq (average: 4816.2 MBq), and the air-absorbed dose rate at 1 m in front of the patients ranged from 3 to 55 μSv h−1 (average: 19.2 μSv h−1). On average, the contamination activity was highest in the patients’ clothes: 11.0 Bq cm−2, followed by the toilet: 6.6 Bq cm−2 and the front bed: 2.9 Bq cm−2. The estimated release times from the confinement were well with the radiation safety criteria, whereas instruction are given concerning precaution times to limit radiation exposure to family members and co-worker.

Functional MRI and MR Spectroscopy Utilization in Jeddah Hospitals

Open Journal of Medical Imaging, 2015

Functional magnetic resonance imaging "fMRI" and magnetic resonance spectroscopy "MRS" are two cr... more Functional magnetic resonance imaging "fMRI" and magnetic resonance spectroscopy "MRS" are two crucial milestones that were introduced apart from one another into brain imaging and their implementation in major local cities is eventual step. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare those techniques in terms of their clinical utilization in patient care delivery among the major governmental and private hospitals within Jeddah city. The study initially included eighteen hospitals to identify whether they were utilizing fMRI and MRS in their clinical practice. Out of the 18 hospitals under study only one hospital (5.6%) had both fMRI and MRS software; 7 (38.9%) had MRS but not fMRI; 4 (22.2%) did not have fMRI or MRS; and 6 (33.3%) hospitals had no MRI machine at all. Out of the eight hospitals applying MRS with one being excluded, the starting date of application was 2002 in 4 (57.1%) hospitals, 2004 in 1 (14.3%) hospital, and 2006 in 2 (28.6%) hospitals. The frequency of doing MRS was once a week in 2 (28.6%) hospitals, 2-3 cases/week in 3 (42.9%) hospitals, 5-10 cases/week in 1 (14.3%) hospital, and once every 6 months in 1 (14.3%) hospital. On the other hand, fMRI was applied only by one hospital starting in 2000 and was soon dismissed due to its time consumption and the inability of patients to accurately follow given instructions. It was concluded that MRS was more widely utilized compared to fMRI. Later on, a follow-up survey in the year of 2014 demonstrated that MRS has started to become a standard service in most hospitals whereas fMRI was still being unrecognized.

A New Hybrid Approach Toward Spinal Deformities Radiographic Images Diagnosis

Journal of Applied Sciences, 2015

In this study, a new hybrid method of Image stitching that utilizes both advantages of feature ba... more In this study, a new hybrid method of Image stitching that utilizes both advantages of feature based and direct based methods to identify and merge pairs of x-ray medical images is presented. The performance of the proposed method based on this hybrid approach is investigated and discussed. The ability of the method to classify overlapping pairs of images is demonstrated. It is observed that the proposed method displays comparable or superior performance to the SIFT method described in the literature on the standard databases. These results reveal the potential of the proposed method for further development to tackle more advanced stitching problems.

Effective dose estimation during conventional and CT urography

Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2014

Patient effective doses were evaluated for CT urography and intravenous urography. Radiation dose... more Patient effective doses were evaluated for CT urography and intravenous urography. Radiation doses were measured using a calibrated TLD GR200A and calibrated dose descriptors annexed to the CT machines. Patient effective dose and radiation cancer risks are low compared to the previous studies. The effective dose from CTU procedures was 30% higher compared to IVU procedures. Wide dose variation between patient doses suggests that optimization is not fulfilled yet.

Accuracy of Ultrasound to Determine Gestational Age in Third Trimester

Open Journal of Medical Imaging, 2014

Rapid and accurate determination of gestational age (GA) may be vital to the appropriate care of ... more Rapid and accurate determination of gestational age (GA) may be vital to the appropriate care of the critically ill pregnant patient and improve obstetric care through allowing the optimal timing of necessary interventions and the avoidance of unnecessary ones. Ultrasound scans are considered to be the most cost-effective, accurate and safe methods for measurement of various fetal parts in pregnant women. The aim of this research is to explore the accuracy of ultrasound in determining gestational age of fetus in third trimesters. Data collected for all pregnant women referred to the Maternity & Children's Hospital in Jeddah. Only women with single live fetus were included in this study. Women who participated in the study were selected on following criteria: Regular menstrual cycles, known date of last menstrual period and previous live normal neonates in multipara. All scans were performed by a single ultrasonologist on one ultrasound machine. From collected data, it was found that out of 53 (100%) patients, 44 (84.62%) pregnant woman have different gestational age from US and last menstrual period (LMP). From this study we can conclude that the main method to follow fetus growth in third trimester not biparietal diameter (BPD) measurement only. The BPD in third trimester is not reliable and be useless when the patient pass 30 weeks and the BPD has to be side with other measurements when we take it in later trimesters to emphasize the normal growth of fetus and avoid wrong measurement of ultrasound.

Energy and dose rate response of radiation protection area survey meters measuring X and γ-radiation

f-MRI Correlates of Picture Naming in Arabic Bilinguals (P4.049)

Neurology, 2016

Background: Neuroimaging studies demonstrated disparities in neural networks associated with pict... more Background: Neuroimaging studies demonstrated disparities in neural networks associated with picture naming of living vs nonliving objects. Naming animals, relative to tools, showed greater activations in bilateral fusiform gyri, bilateral occipital regions, and left mesial and ventral prefrontal regions. Naming tools, relative to animals, showed greater activations in bilateral parietal and the left inferior frontal cortices, in addition to temporal regions. Most studies were done on English monolinguals, however. Of the fewer studies performed on bilinguals, some reported distinctions in the areas utilised in object naming tasks, while others reported overlapping maps with monolinguals. Object naming tasks were not sufficiently invistigated in Arabic-English bilinguals. Objective: f-MRI mapping of cortical regions associated with picture naming of living and nonliving objects among Arabic-English bilinguals. Methods: fMRI of silent picture naming of 20 simple drawings of tools and...

Natural Radioactivity and Radiological Risk Parameters in Local and Imported Building Materials Used in Sudan

Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 2020

Natural radioactivity levels in selected types of building materials used in Sudan were measured ... more Natural radioactivity levels in selected types of building materials used in Sudan were measured using gamma spectrometry. Radioactivity concentrations were measured in 52 samples including cements, porcelain ware, and ceramic tiles, cement blocks, and red clay bricks. Representative samples were powdered and stored in polyethylene Marinelli containers for four weeks to attain equilibrium between 226 Ra and 232 Th and their daughters before measurements. The average radioactivity (Bq.kg -1 ) of 226 Ra,

f-MRI Correlates of Single-Word Reading in Arabic Bilinguals (P4.017)

Neurology, 2016

The Spectral Measurement of Scattered Radiation From a Clinical Linear Accelerator Using a CZT Detector

Advances in Life Science and Technology, 2020

The study of the induced radioactivity following radiotherapy with high energy X-rays from medica... more The study of the induced radioactivity following radiotherapy with high energy X-rays from medical linear accelerator. Patient equivalent phantom made of Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) of 30x30x27 cm size irradiated with 15 MV X-rays from Versa HD medical linear accelerator form Elekta. Induced radioactive and ambient dose rates were measured at 0.25, 0.5 and 1 m from beam center using GR1® spectrometry with Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) detectors having energy resolution less than 2%. Spectrum analysis was performed using MultiSpect software. The measured spectrum showed 511 keV annihilation photons possibly as a result of positron emitter of which most likely candidates are 62 Cu(T1/2: 9.7 min), 64 Cu (T1/2: 12.7 h) and 57 Ni (T1/2: 35.6 h) and a peak at ≈ 1780 keV that could be attributed 28 Al and 214 Bi radioisotope. Ambient photon dose rates post radiotherapy treatment ranged 660 µGyh-1 at o.5 m to 41 µGyh-1 at 1 m. These values agree well with the results presented in the literature.

The Role of Radioactive Iodine in Thyrotoxicosis Patients

British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 2015

ABSTRACT Aims: The primary objective of this study is to investigate the treatment of Graves&... more ABSTRACT Aims: The primary objective of this study is to investigate the treatment of Graves&#39; Disease (GD) with radioactive iodine (131 I-NaI), presenting the clinical symptoms suffered from patients, and evaluating the level of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) before and after the therapy procedure. Study Design: This project is considered as a retrospective project, non-randomized, observational clinical case series. Clinical symptoms produced by GD were stratified according to patients&#39; gender and age, and a comparison between T3, T4 and TSH was done before and after the radioiodine therapy.. Methodology: The records of patients with clinical diagnosis of Thyrotoxicosis who were registered in the nuclear medicine department during academic year 2012-2013 to perform thyroid scan retrospectively were analyzed. Data from 21 patients was collected before and after the administration of radioiodine therapeutic activity. Thyroid scintigraphy and thyroid functional tests (TFT) were conducted on all patients enrolled in the present study. Results: The most common clinical symptoms produced by GD were tachycardia, weight loss, excessive sweating and tremors. A total of 90% of the patients were under anti-thyroid drug medication before taking radioiodine therapy while 10% were not. TFT results showed that 95% of patients presented abnormal thyroid function. Aside from excessive sweating, no significant association between age and clinical symptoms was observed. A significant increase in TSH level and decrease in T3 and T4 was observed at three-months after therapy procedure. Within six months post-therapy, 60% of patients showed clinical symptoms of hypothyroidism, 30% presented TFT results compatible with normal thyroid function, and only 10% showed no response to treatment. Conclusion: Radioactive iodine is an excellent alternative for GD treatment compared to other therapeutic approaches, presenting less complication than surgery procedure and reverse possibility when patients are treated with anti-thyroid drug medication.

CT Optimization for Diagnosis of Some Acute Abdomen Cases

Advances in Computed Tomography, 2015

The acute abdomen is one of the most frequent causes for presentation to the emergency department... more The acute abdomen is one of the most frequent causes for presentation to the emergency department. Imaging plays an important role for an accurate diagnosis, which in turn diminishes morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to demonstrate optimum CT aspects and emphasize on the important features of CT for those patients presenting with an acute abdominal pain at the Emergency Department both in general and in a number of selected conditions (appendicitis, small-bowel obstruction, acute pancreatitis, and diverticulitis). The reported data by this study are based on the author working experience, which forms a continuous protocol adjustment process. The present study provides evidence that CT would result in definite diagnosis of patients with abdominal pain in terms of the detection of some urgent conditions.