Attitudes are functions of what we think and what we feel. That is, attitudes are the product of ... more Attitudes are functions of what we think and what we feel. That is, attitudes are the product of related beliefs and values. If one believes that his teacher is consultative, and he values consultation, you might have a favorable attitude towards the teacher. We can represent this relationship in the form of simple syllogism. For example:
The purpose of this study is to seek a first-hand understanding of the Islamic position and attit... more The purpose of this study is to seek a first-hand understanding of the Islamic position and attitude towards disability by examining the primary sources of Islamic teaching-the Qur'an and the life example of the Prophet Muhammad as preserved in his sayings and teachings (Hadith). The major purpose of this paper is to describe how Islam approaches blind people with justice, equality, independence, and full membership in society. We search the Qur'an for references to such terms as blind, mute, deaf, lame, weak, orphan, destitute/needy, and wayfarer. Concept of disability, in the conventional sense, is not found in the Qur'an. Rather, the Qur'an concentrates on the notion of disadvantage that is created by society and imposed on those individuals who might not possess the social, economic, or physical attributes that people happen to value at a certain time and place. The Qur'an places the responsibility of rectifying this inequity on the shoulder of society by its constant exhortation to Muslims to recognize the plight of the disadvantaged and to improve their condition and status.
College Level". The sample consists of three special colleges and 25 special teachers of students... more College Level". The sample consists of three special colleges and 25 special teachers of students with special needs in Karachi. The population of the study consists of 25 special teachers of student with special needs at college level. The purposive sampling method was used for data collection from teachers. The data was collected with the help of checklist paper and was tabulated and hypotheses were tested through percentage method. The result of the study indicates that eight main sources of influence were reported by the teachers of students with special needs at college level: Instructional planning, Teaching method, Teaching environment, Grouping of students, Classroom designing, Evaluation teaching techniques, Teaching characteristics and Educational philosophy. This study also suggested that special education teachers should change their teaching styles according to the needs of students with special needs. This study will be helpful for all concern teachers in colleges and higher schools of special education understand the educational needs of different student with special needs. The study also aimed to explore teachers always use lecture and class discussion method for teaching, teach through individual educational programmed(I.E.P), provides interesting reinforcement and motivation to students with special needs, provide chance for student participation, Occasionally use role playing method for teaching and use brainstorming method for teaching. This study found that teachers never make small groups in class and teach whole class at a time and rarely two or more grouping at one time and most of time evaluate their students through teacher-made test. This study help to understand that there is great need to have connection among different professionals involved in providing services to students with special needs and Examination standards should be designed to test knowledge of a student rather than measuring their memory.
International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2011
The objective of this study was to assess the average out-of-pocket healthcare and work-loss cost... more The objective of this study was to assess the average out-of-pocket healthcare and work-loss costs of road traffic injuries (RTI) in Karachi. In this cross-sectional study, RTI patients presenting to the five trauma centres in Karachi were contacted using stratified sampling to report their inpatient and outpatient expenses, the time spent in hospital and their average monthly income. These costs were compared among different categories of patient-related variables using analysis of variance test. Out of 341 RTI victims, two wheelers accounted for the majority of injuries (77.2%, N = 256) followed by pedestrians (14.2%, N = 48). Almost half of the sample patients were breadwinners (N = 135, 45.2%), with 87.4% (N = 118) earning less than US$ 248. Average out-of-pocket healthcare costs were US$ 271 (SD = 440.9), which were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.026) for pedestrians (US$ 442), moderate (US$ 341.7) or severe (US$ 553.8) injury, and treatment in private hospitals (US$ 451.7). Similarly, average work loss was US$ 67.1 (SD = 132.1), which were significantly higher (P = 0.001) for breadwinners (US$ 99.1), moderate (US$ 130.0) or severe (US$ 157.1) injury, and treatment in private hospitals (US$ 150.0). Study results clearly showed the need to advocate RTI prevention measures in Pakistan as any such event could lead to a difficult economic situation for those involved and their family.
Attitudes are functions of what we think and what we feel. That is, attitudes are the product of ... more Attitudes are functions of what we think and what we feel. That is, attitudes are the product of related beliefs and values. If one believes that his teacher is consultative, and he values consultation, you might have a favorable attitude towards the teacher. We can represent this relationship in the form of simple syllogism. For example:
The purpose of this study is to seek a first-hand understanding of the Islamic position and attit... more The purpose of this study is to seek a first-hand understanding of the Islamic position and attitude towards disability by examining the primary sources of Islamic teaching-the Qur'an and the life example of the Prophet Muhammad as preserved in his sayings and teachings (Hadith). The major purpose of this paper is to describe how Islam approaches blind people with justice, equality, independence, and full membership in society. We search the Qur'an for references to such terms as blind, mute, deaf, lame, weak, orphan, destitute/needy, and wayfarer. Concept of disability, in the conventional sense, is not found in the Qur'an. Rather, the Qur'an concentrates on the notion of disadvantage that is created by society and imposed on those individuals who might not possess the social, economic, or physical attributes that people happen to value at a certain time and place. The Qur'an places the responsibility of rectifying this inequity on the shoulder of society by its constant exhortation to Muslims to recognize the plight of the disadvantaged and to improve their condition and status.
College Level". The sample consists of three special colleges and 25 special teachers of students... more College Level". The sample consists of three special colleges and 25 special teachers of students with special needs in Karachi. The population of the study consists of 25 special teachers of student with special needs at college level. The purposive sampling method was used for data collection from teachers. The data was collected with the help of checklist paper and was tabulated and hypotheses were tested through percentage method. The result of the study indicates that eight main sources of influence were reported by the teachers of students with special needs at college level: Instructional planning, Teaching method, Teaching environment, Grouping of students, Classroom designing, Evaluation teaching techniques, Teaching characteristics and Educational philosophy. This study also suggested that special education teachers should change their teaching styles according to the needs of students with special needs. This study will be helpful for all concern teachers in colleges and higher schools of special education understand the educational needs of different student with special needs. The study also aimed to explore teachers always use lecture and class discussion method for teaching, teach through individual educational programmed(I.E.P), provides interesting reinforcement and motivation to students with special needs, provide chance for student participation, Occasionally use role playing method for teaching and use brainstorming method for teaching. This study found that teachers never make small groups in class and teach whole class at a time and rarely two or more grouping at one time and most of time evaluate their students through teacher-made test. This study help to understand that there is great need to have connection among different professionals involved in providing services to students with special needs and Examination standards should be designed to test knowledge of a student rather than measuring their memory.
International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2011
The objective of this study was to assess the average out-of-pocket healthcare and work-loss cost... more The objective of this study was to assess the average out-of-pocket healthcare and work-loss costs of road traffic injuries (RTI) in Karachi. In this cross-sectional study, RTI patients presenting to the five trauma centres in Karachi were contacted using stratified sampling to report their inpatient and outpatient expenses, the time spent in hospital and their average monthly income. These costs were compared among different categories of patient-related variables using analysis of variance test. Out of 341 RTI victims, two wheelers accounted for the majority of injuries (77.2%, N = 256) followed by pedestrians (14.2%, N = 48). Almost half of the sample patients were breadwinners (N = 135, 45.2%), with 87.4% (N = 118) earning less than US$ 248. Average out-of-pocket healthcare costs were US$ 271 (SD = 440.9), which were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.026) for pedestrians (US$ 442), moderate (US$ 341.7) or severe (US$ 553.8) injury, and treatment in private hospitals (US$ 451.7). Similarly, average work loss was US$ 67.1 (SD = 132.1), which were significantly higher (P = 0.001) for breadwinners (US$ 99.1), moderate (US$ 130.0) or severe (US$ 157.1) injury, and treatment in private hospitals (US$ 150.0). Study results clearly showed the need to advocate RTI prevention measures in Pakistan as any such event could lead to a difficult economic situation for those involved and their family.
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