Papers by Dr. Tehseen Jawaid
Indian Growth and Development Review, 2017
Purpose The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between international financi... more Purpose The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between international financial integration (IFI) index and democracy (DEM) in Pakistan by using long-time series data from 1975 to 2013. Design/methodology/approach The IFI index is constructed by principal component analysis. IFI consists of foreign direct investment (FDI), remittances (REM) and external debt (ED), whereas the Polity IV index is used for DEM. Johansen and the autoregressive distributed lag method for cointegration methods are used to find a long run relationship. Dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) and canonical regression (CR) have been used to find the nature of the relationship. Rolling window analysis has been done to find the year wise coefficients. Findings DOLS, FMOLS, canonical regression CR and cointegration results suggest a significant negative long-run relationship between IFI and DEM in Pakistan. Rolling windows analysis highlights that D...
Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies, 2022
Purpose Despite the reasonable surge of remittances and imports in Pakistan, very less attention ... more Purpose Despite the reasonable surge of remittances and imports in Pakistan, very less attention has been given to this area. To bridge the gap, this study aims to explore the relationship of worker’s remittances and imports of Pakistan at both aggregate and disaggregate levels. Also, this research focuses on investigating whether remitted income substitute or complement imports of the country. Design/methodology/approach To achieve these goals, the authors use annual time-series data from 1974–2016. Findings Empirical findings obtained from the autoregressive distributed lag model method suggest that remittances substitute imports in Pakistan. It is also found that remittances not only substitute aggregate imports but also act as a substitute at different disaggregated levels. Further, it is documented that higher economic growth increases imports, whereas the real exchange rate for imports is inversely related to imports at both levels. Originality/value These empirical findings a...
South Asian Journal of Management Sciences, 2021
The study determines most favorite destinations for money laundering preferred by wrong doers fro... more The study determines most favorite destinations for money laundering preferred by wrong doers from 25 developing nations selected on the basis of highest illegal financial fund outflows from 2004 to 2014, a report published by Global Financial Integrity (GFI) in 2015. Firstly, it has been discussed that how money laundering activities are shackling the economic and financial stability in a country by distorting and damaging different sectors of economy as well as financial sector. Walker's Gravity Model has used to determine the most preferred destinations for money laundering. Research indicates that most developed and stable economies with lax controls are preferred by criminals. Robustness has been checked through triangulation method. It is recommended that uniform controls at global level are essential to eliminate havens and the need of international body which shall be responsible for policy making and enforcement of strong regulations is also highlighted.
Journal of Transnational Management, 2017
Quantifying the effect of vital resources on transcription and translation helps to understand th... more Quantifying the effect of vital resources on transcription and translation helps to understand the degree to which the concentration of each resource must be regulated for achieving homeostasis. Utilizing the synthetic transcription-translation (TX-TL) system, we study the impact of nucleotide triphosphates (NTPs) and magnesium (Mg 2+), on gene expression. Recent observations of the counterintuitive phenomenon of suppression of gene expression at high NTP concentrations have led to the speculation that such suppression is due to the consumption of resources by transcription, hence leaving fewer resources for translation. In this work, we investigate an alternative hypothesis: direct suppression of the translation rate via stoichiometric mismatch in necessary reagents. We observe NTP-dependent suppression even in the early phase of gene expression, contradicting the resource limitation argument. To further decouple the contributions of transcription and translation, we performed gene expression experiments with purified mRNA. Simultaneously monitoring mRNA and protein abundances allowed us to extract a time-dependent translation rate. Measuring translation rates for different Mg 2+ and NTP concentrations, we observe a complex resource dependence. We demonstrate that translation is the rate-limiting process that is directly inhibited by high NTP concentrations. Additional Mg 2+ can partially reverse this inhibition. In several experiments, we observe two maxima of the translation rate viewed as a function of both Mg 2+ and NTP concentration, which can be explained in terms of an NTP-independent effect on the ribosome complex and an NTP-Mg2 + titration effect. The non-trivial compensatory effects of abundance of different vital resources signals the presence of complex regulatory mechanisms to achieve optimal gene expression.
Global Business Review, 2016
This study is a pioneering attempt to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) o... more This study is a pioneering attempt to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on export performance in Pakistan by using the long annual time series data from the period 1974–2012 and by using more rigorous econometric techniques. Autoregressive distributed lag-bound testing cointegration approach confirms the valid long-run relationship between considered variables. Results indicate the significant positive impact of FDI on real exports in long run as well as in short run. Results of Granger causality test, Toda and Yamamoto Modified Wald causality test and variance decomposition test confirm the bidirectional causal relationship between FDI and export performance in Pakistan. Results of rolling window analysis suggest that the coefficient of FDI in export model remains negative from 1983 to 1987, from 2001 to 2006 and in 2011. The coefficient of FDI in export model shows a positive coefficient in remaining years. It can be seen that FDI and real export are connec...
Studies in Higher Education, 2016
This study investigates the impact of development in the higher education sector, on the Income I... more This study investigates the impact of development in the higher education sector, on the Income Inequality in Pakistan, by using the annual time series data from 1973 to 2012. The autoregressive distributed lag bound testing co-integration approach confirms the existence of long-run relationship between higher education and income inequality. Results indicate that higher education has a negative and significant relationship with the income inequality in the long run, while a negative but insignificant effect is found in the short run. Results of cumulative sum (CUSUM) and CUSUM of square test suggest that there is no structural instability in the residuals of equation of income inequality. Results of causality analyses confirm the unidirectional causal relationship between higher education development and income inequality in Pakistan, which runs from the higher education development to the income inequality. The findings of this study suggest that development in the higher education sector would be a significant policy option to control the income inequality and should be considered a means to improve the income distribution in Pakistan.
This study investigates determinants of banks' profitability in Pakistan by using the panel data ... more This study investigates determinants of banks' profitability in Pakistan by using the panel data of 18 banks from the period of 2001 to 2010. Pedroni panel cointegration results confirm that there exists valid long run relationship between considered variables. Results of random effects model suggest negative and significant effect of bank size, credit risk, liquidity, taxation, and nontraditional activity with profitability. Conversely, positive and significant effects of capitalization, banking sector development and inflation have been found with profitability. However, the stock market development has negative but insignificant relationship with profitability. Sensitivity analyses confirm that the results are robust.
Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies, 2022
Purpose Despite the reasonable surge of remittances and imports in Pakistan, very less attention ... more Purpose Despite the reasonable surge of remittances and imports in Pakistan, very less attention has been given to this area. To bridge the gap, this study aims to explore the relationship of worker’s remittances and imports of Pakistan at both aggregate and disaggregate levels. Also, this research focuses on investigating whether remitted income substitute or complement imports of the country. Design/methodology/approach To achieve these goals, the authors use annual time-series data from 1974–2016. Findings Empirical findings obtained from the autoregressive distributed lag model method suggest that remittances substitute imports in Pakistan. It is also found that remittances not only substitute aggregate imports but also act as a substitute at different disaggregated levels. Further, it is documented that higher economic growth increases imports, whereas the real exchange rate for imports is inversely related to imports at both levels. Originality/value These empirical findings a...
South Asian Journal of Management Sciences, 2021
The study determines most favorite destinations for money laundering preferred by wrong doers fro... more The study determines most favorite destinations for money laundering preferred by wrong doers from 25 developing nations selected on the basis of highest illegal financial fund outflows from 2004 to 2014, a report published by Global Financial Integrity (GFI) in 2015. Firstly, it has been discussed that how money laundering activities are shackling the economic and financial stability in a country by distorting and damaging different sectors of economy as well as financial sector. Walker's Gravity Model has used to determine the most preferred destinations for money laundering. Research indicates that most developed and stable economies with lax controls are preferred by criminals. Robustness has been checked through triangulation method. It is recommended that uniform controls at global level are essential to eliminate havens and the need of international body which shall be responsible for policy making and enforcement of strong regulations is also highlighted.
Journal of Transnational Management, 2015
This article makes a unique contribution to the literature with reference to China, being a pione... more This article makes a unique contribution to the literature with reference to China, being a pioneering attempt to investigate the effect of terms of trade and its volatility on economic growth of China by using annual time series data from 1980 to 2010 and by applying rigorous econometric techniques. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration and Johansen and Juselius cointegration methods suggest the significant negative long-run relationship of terms of trade and volatility of terms of trade with economic growth. Four different sensitivity analyses indicate that initial results are robust. Rolling window analysis was performed to find the yearly effect of terms of trade and its volatility on the economic growth of China. Results show that the coefficient of terms of trade on economic growth remains negative from 1985 to 1988, 1994 to 1995, 1998 to 2002, and from 2006 to 2008. Variance decomposition method shows a unidirectional causal relationship between terms of trade and economic growth runs from terms of trade to economic growth and a bidirectional causal relationship between volatility of terms of trade and economic growth in China. It is concluded that less volatile terms of trade are better for economic growth. Policy makers should critically analyze the reasons for deterioration of terms of trade in the years 1985 to 1988, 1994 to 1995, 1998 to 2002 and from 2006 to 2008. Either this happened because of increases in import prices or decreases in export prices, or increases in export prices that are less than increases in import prices. This analysis will be beneficial in finding the contents of export and import by which terms of trade deteriorate and form growth-enhancing policies.
Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies, 2022
Purpose Despite the reasonable surge of remittances and imports in Pakistan, very less attention ... more Purpose Despite the reasonable surge of remittances and imports in Pakistan, very less attention has been given to this area. To bridge the gap, this study aims to explore the relationship of worker’s remittances and imports of Pakistan at both aggregate and disaggregate levels. Also, this research focuses on investigating whether remitted income substitute or complement imports of the country. Design/methodology/approach To achieve these goals, the authors use annual time-series data from 1974–2016. Findings Empirical findings obtained from the autoregressive distributed lag model method suggest that remittances substitute imports in Pakistan. It is also found that remittances not only substitute aggregate imports but also act as a substitute at different disaggregated levels. Further, it is documented that higher economic growth increases imports, whereas the real exchange rate for imports is inversely related to imports at both levels. Originality/value These empirical findings a...
Foreign Trade Review, 2014
This article is an attempt to examine the comparative effect of three different measures of trade... more This article is an attempt to examine the comparative effect of three different measures of trade openness on the economic growth in Pakistan by using more rigorous econometric techniques. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method, JJ COintegration and ordinary least square (OLS) results suggest significant positive long run relationship between export and economic growth. In contrast, total volume of trade and imports have significant negative effect on the economic growth. The addition of variables and results of fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) suggest that the results are robust. The Granger causality and variance decomposition analysis indicate the unidirectional causality between trade openness and economic growth. In export model, causality runs from export to growth. Whereas, in the model with total volume of trade and import, causality runs from growth to total volume of trade, and imports in Pakistan. From the findings it is concluded that the policy makers ...
Journal of Transnational Management, 2017
Quantifying the effect of vital resources on transcription and translation helps to understand th... more Quantifying the effect of vital resources on transcription and translation helps to understand the degree to which the concentration of each resource must be regulated for achieving homeostasis. Utilizing the synthetic transcription-translation (TX-TL) system, we study the impact of nucleotide triphosphates (NTPs) and magnesium (Mg 2+), on gene expression. Recent observations of the counterintuitive phenomenon of suppression of gene expression at high NTP concentrations have led to the speculation that such suppression is due to the consumption of resources by transcription, hence leaving fewer resources for translation. In this work, we investigate an alternative hypothesis: direct suppression of the translation rate via stoichiometric mismatch in necessary reagents. We observe NTP-dependent suppression even in the early phase of gene expression, contradicting the resource limitation argument. To further decouple the contributions of transcription and translation, we performed gene expression experiments with purified mRNA. Simultaneously monitoring mRNA and protein abundances allowed us to extract a time-dependent translation rate. Measuring translation rates for different Mg 2+ and NTP concentrations, we observe a complex resource dependence. We demonstrate that translation is the rate-limiting process that is directly inhibited by high NTP concentrations. Additional Mg 2+ can partially reverse this inhibition. In several experiments, we observe two maxima of the translation rate viewed as a function of both Mg 2+ and NTP concentration, which can be explained in terms of an NTP-independent effect on the ribosome complex and an NTP-Mg2 + titration effect. The non-trivial compensatory effects of abundance of different vital resources signals the presence of complex regulatory mechanisms to achieve optimal gene expression.
South Asian Journal of Management Sciences, 2021
The study determines most favorite destinations for money laundering preferred by wrong doers fro... more The study determines most favorite destinations for money laundering preferred by wrong doers from 25 developing nations selected on the basis of highest illegal financial fund outflows from 2004 to 2014, a report published by Global Financial Integrity (GFI) in 2015. Firstly, it has been discussed that how money laundering activities are shackling the economic and financial stability in a country by distorting and damaging different sectors of economy as well as financial sector. Walker's Gravity Model has used to determine the most preferred destinations for money laundering. Research indicates that most developed and stable economies with lax controls are preferred by criminals. Robustness has been checked through triangulation method. It is recommended that uniform controls at global level are essential to eliminate havens and the need of international body which shall be responsible for policy making and enforcement of strong regulations is also highlighted.
Journal of Transnational Management, 2017
Quantifying the effect of vital resources on transcription and translation helps to understand th... more Quantifying the effect of vital resources on transcription and translation helps to understand the degree to which the concentration of each resource must be regulated for achieving homeostasis. Utilizing the synthetic transcription-translation (TX-TL) system, we study the impact of nucleotide triphosphates (NTPs) and magnesium (Mg 2+), on gene expression. Recent observations of the counterintuitive phenomenon of suppression of gene expression at high NTP concentrations have led to the speculation that such suppression is due to the consumption of resources by transcription, hence leaving fewer resources for translation. In this work, we investigate an alternative hypothesis: direct suppression of the translation rate via stoichiometric mismatch in necessary reagents. We observe NTP-dependent suppression even in the early phase of gene expression, contradicting the resource limitation argument. To further decouple the contributions of transcription and translation, we performed gene expression experiments with purified mRNA. Simultaneously monitoring mRNA and protein abundances allowed us to extract a time-dependent translation rate. Measuring translation rates for different Mg 2+ and NTP concentrations, we observe a complex resource dependence. We demonstrate that translation is the rate-limiting process that is directly inhibited by high NTP concentrations. Additional Mg 2+ can partially reverse this inhibition. In several experiments, we observe two maxima of the translation rate viewed as a function of both Mg 2+ and NTP concentration, which can be explained in terms of an NTP-independent effect on the ribosome complex and an NTP-Mg2 + titration effect. The non-trivial compensatory effects of abundance of different vital resources signals the presence of complex regulatory mechanisms to achieve optimal gene expression.
Global Business Review, 2016
This study is a pioneering attempt to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) o... more This study is a pioneering attempt to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on export performance in Pakistan by using the long annual time series data from the period 1974–2012 and by using more rigorous econometric techniques. Autoregressive distributed lag-bound testing cointegration approach confirms the valid long-run relationship between considered variables. Results indicate the significant positive impact of FDI on real exports in long run as well as in short run. Results of Granger causality test, Toda and Yamamoto Modified Wald causality test and variance decomposition test confirm the bidirectional causal relationship between FDI and export performance in Pakistan. Results of rolling window analysis suggest that the coefficient of FDI in export model remains negative from 1983 to 1987, from 2001 to 2006 and in 2011. The coefficient of FDI in export model shows a positive coefficient in remaining years. It can be seen that FDI and real export are connec...
Global Business Review, 2016
This study is a pioneering attempt to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) o... more This study is a pioneering attempt to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on export performance in Pakistan by using the long annual time series data from the period 1974–2012 and by using more rigorous econometric techniques. Autoregressive distributed lag-bound testing cointegration approach confirms the valid long-run relationship between considered variables. Results indicate the significant positive impact of FDI on real exports in long run as well as in short run. Results of Granger causality test, Toda and Yamamoto Modified Wald causality test and variance decomposition test confirm the bidirectional causal relationship between FDI and export performance in Pakistan. Results of rolling window analysis suggest that the coefficient of FDI in export model remains negative from 1983 to 1987, from 2001 to 2006 and in 2011. The coefficient of FDI in export model shows a positive coefficient in remaining years. It can be seen that FDI and real export are connec...
PsycEXTRA Dataset
This study investigates the comparative effect of fiscal and monetary policy on economic growth i... more This study investigates the comparative effect of fiscal and monetary policy on economic growth in Pakistan using annual time series data from 1981 to 2009. The cointegrtion result suggests that both monetary and fiscal policy have significant and positive effect on economic growth. The coefficient of monetary policy is much greater than fiscal policy which implies that monetary policy has more concerned with economic growth than fiscal policy in Pakistan. The implication of the study is that the policy makers should focus more on monetary policy than fiscal to enhance economic growth. The role of fiscal policy can be more effective for enhancing economic growth by eliminating corruption, leakages of resources and inappropriate use of resources. However, the combination and harmonization of both monetary and fiscal policy are highly recommended.
Studies in Higher Education, 2016
This study investigates the impact of development in the higher education sector, on the Income I... more This study investigates the impact of development in the higher education sector, on the Income Inequality in Pakistan, by using the annual time series data from 1973 to 2012. The autoregressive distributed lag bound testing co-integration approach confirms the existence of long-run relationship between higher education and income inequality. Results indicate that higher education has a negative and significant relationship with the income inequality in the long run, while a negative but insignificant effect is found in the short run. Results of cumulative sum (CUSUM) and CUSUM of square test suggest that there is no structural instability in the residuals of equation of income inequality. Results of causality analyses confirm the unidirectional causal relationship between higher education development and income inequality in Pakistan, which runs from the higher education development to the income inequality. The findings of this study suggest that development in the higher education sector would be a significant policy option to control the income inequality and should be considered a means to improve the income distribution in Pakistan.
This study investigates determinants of banks' profitability in Pakistan by using the panel data ... more This study investigates determinants of banks' profitability in Pakistan by using the panel data of 18 banks from the period of 2001 to 2010. Pedroni panel cointegration results confirm that there exists valid long run relationship between considered variables. Results of random effects model suggest negative and significant effect of bank size, credit risk, liquidity, taxation, and nontraditional activity with profitability. Conversely, positive and significant effects of capitalization, banking sector development and inflation have been found with profitability. However, the stock market development has negative but insignificant relationship with profitability. Sensitivity analyses confirm that the results are robust.
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Papers by Dr. Tehseen Jawaid