X-SAMPA

Extended Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) iku swawijining varian saka SAMPA sing kasusun ing taun 1995 déning John C. Wells, profèsor fonètik ing Universitas London. X-SAMPA dirancang kanggp nyawijèkaké aksara SAMPA, lan ngembangaké SAMPA supaya nyakup kabèh karakter sajeroning International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Asilé wujud IPA 7-bit ASCII sing kainspirasi déning SAMPA.

Simbul aksara cilik

X-SAMPA	IPA	IPA gambar	Katrangan	Conto
a	a		open front unrounded vowel	Basa Prancis dame [dam], Spanish padre ["paD4e]
b	b		voiced bilabial plosive	Basa Inggris bed [bEd], Basa Prancis bon [bO~]
b_<	ɓ		voiced bilabial implosive	Basa Sindhi ɓarʊ [b_<arU]
c	c		voiceless palatal plosive	Basa Honggari latyak ["lQcQk]
d	d		voiced alveolar plosive	Basa Inggris dig [dIg], Basa Prancis doigt [dwa]
d`	ɖ		voiced retroflex plosive	Basa Swèdhen hord [hu:d`]
d_<	ɗ		voiced alveolar implosive	Basa Sindhi ɗarʊ [d_<arU]
e	e		close-mid front unrounded vowel	Basa Prancis ses [se], Basa Inggris met [met] (AusE and NZE)
f	f		voiceless labiodental fricative	Basa Inggris five [faIv], Basa Prancis femme [fam]
g	ɡ		voiced velar plosive	Basa Inggris game [geIm], Basa Prancis longue [lO~g]
g_<	ɠ		voiced velar implosive	Basa Sindhi ɠəro [g_<@ro]
h	h		voiceless glottal fricative	Basa Inggris house [haUs]
h\	ɦ		voiced glottal fricative	Czech hrad [h\rat]
i	i		close front unrounded vowel	Basa Inggris be [bi:], Basa Prancis oui [wi], Spanish si [si]
j	j		palatal approximant	Basa Inggris yes [jEs], Basa Prancis yeux [j2]
j\	ʝ		voiced palatal fricative	Basa Yunani γειά [j\a]
k	k		voiceless velar plosive	Basa Inggris scat [sk{t], Spanish carro ["kar:o]
l	l		alveolar lateral approximant	Basa Inggris lay [leI], Basa Prancis mal [mal]
l`	ɭ		retroflex lateral approximant	Svealand Basa Swèdhen sorl [so:l`]
l\	ɺ		alveolar lateral flap	Basa Jepang phoneme /r/
m	m		bilabial nasal	Basa Inggris mouse [maUs], Basa Prancis homme [Om]
n	n		alveolar nasal	Basa Inggris nap [n{p], Basa Prancis non [nO~]
n`	ɳ		retroflex nasal	Basa Swèdhen hörn [h2:n`]
o	o		close-mid back rounded vowel	Basa Prancis gros [gRo]
p	p		voiceless bilabial plosive	Basa Inggris speak [spik], Basa Prancis pose [poz], Spanish perro ["per:o]
p\	ɸ		voiceless bilabial fricative	Basa Jepang fuku [p\M_0kM]
q	q		voiceless uvular plosive	Arabic qasbah ["qQs_Gba]
r	r		alveolar trill	Spanish perro ["per:o]
r`	ɽ		retroflex flap
r\	ɹ		alveolar approximant	Basa Inggris red [r\Ed]
r\`	ɻ		retroflex approximant	Malayalam വഴി ["v6r\`i]
s	s		voiceless alveolar fricative	Basa Inggris seem [si:m], Basa Prancis session [se"sjO~]
s`	ʂ		voiceless retroflex fricative	Basa Swèdhen mars [mas`]
s\	ɕ		voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative	Basa Polski świerszcz [s\v'erStS]
t	t		voiceless alveolar plosive	Basa Inggris stew [stju:], Basa Prancis raté [Ra"te], Spanish tuyo ["tujo]
t`	ʈ		voiceless retroflex plosive	Basa Swèdhen mört [m2t`]
u	u		close back rounded vowel	Basa Inggris boom [bu:m], Spanish su [su]
v	v		voiced labiodental fricative	Basa Inggris vest [vEst], Basa Prancis voix [vwa]
v\ (or P)	ʋ		labiodental approximant	Dutch west [v\Est]/[PEst]
w	w		labial-velar approximant	Basa Inggris west [wEst], Basa Prancis oui [wi]
x	x		voiceless velar fricative	Scots loch [lOx]; German Buch, Dach; Spanish caja, gestión
x\	ɧ		voiceless palatal-velar fricative	Basa Swèdhen sjal [x\A:l]
y	y		close front rounded vowel	Basa Prancis tu [ty] German über ["y:b6]
z	z		voiced alveolar fricative	Basa Inggris zoo [zu:], Basa Prancis azote [a"zOt]
z`	ʐ		voiced retroflex fricative	Mandarin Chinese rang [z`aN]
z\	ʑ		voiced alveolo-palatal fricative	Basa Polski źrebak ["z\rEbak]

Simbul aksara gedhé

X-SAMPA	IPA	IPA gambar	Katrangan	Conto
A	ɑ		open back unrounded vowel	Basa Inggris father ["fA:D@(r\)] (RP and Gen.Am.)
B	β		voiced bilabial fricative	Spanish lavar [la"Ba4]
B\	ʙ		bilabial trill	Reminiscent of shivering ("brrr")
C	ç		voiceless palatal fricative	German ich [IC], Basa Inggris human ["Cjum@n] (broad transcription uses [hj-])
D	ð		voiced dental fricative	Basa Inggris then [DEn]
E	ɛ		open-mid front unrounded vowel	Basa Prancis même [mEm], Basa Inggris met [mEt] (RP and Gen.Am.)
F	ɱ		labiodental nasal	Basa Inggris emphasis ["EFf@sIs] (spoken quickly, otherwise uses [Emf-])
G	ɣ		voiced velar fricative	Basa Yunani γωνία [Go"nia], Danish vælge ["vElG@]
G\	ɢ		voiced uvular plosive	Inuktitut nirivvik [niG\ivvik]
G\_<	ʛ		voiced uvular implosive	Mam ʛa [G\_<a]
H	ɥ		labial-palatal approximant	Basa Prancis huit [Hit]
H\	ʜ		voiceless epiglottal fricative
I	ɪ		near-close near-front unrounded vowel	Basa Inggris kit [kIt]
I\	ᵻ or ɪ̈		near-close central unrounded vowel	Basa Polski ryba [rI\bA]
J	ɲ		palatal nasal	Spanish año ["aJo], Basa Inggris canyon ["k{J@n] (broad transcription uses [-nj-])
J\	ɟ		voiced palatal plosive	Basa Honggari egy [EJ\]
J\_<	ʄ		voiced palatal implosive	Basa Sindhi ʄaro [J\_<aro]
K	ɬ		voiceless alveolar lateral fricative	Welsh llaw [KaU]
K\	ɮ		voiced alveolar lateral fricative
L	ʎ		palatal lateral approximant	Italian famiglia [fa"miLa], Castilian llamar [La"mar], Basa Inggris million ["mIL@n] (broad transcription uses [-lj-])
L\	ʟ		velar lateral approximant
M	ɯ		close back unrounded vowel	Korean 으 (eu)
M\	ɰ		velar approximant	Spanish fuego ["fweM\o]
N	ŋ		velar nasal	Basa Inggris thing [TIN]
N\	ɴ		uvular nasal	Basa Jepang san [saN\]
O	ɔ		open-mid back rounded vowel	RP thought [TO:t], American Basa Inggris off [O:f]
O\	ʘ		bilabial click
P (or v\)	ʋ		labiodental approximant	Dutch west [PEst]/[v\Est], allophone of Basa Inggris phoneme /r\/
Q	ɒ		open back rounded vowel	RP lot [lQt]
R	ʁ		voiced uvular fricative	German rein [RaIn]
R\	ʀ		uvular trill	Basa Prancis roi [R\wa]
S	ʃ		voiceless postalveolar fricative	Basa Inggris ship [SIp]
T	θ		voiceless dental fricative	Basa Inggris thin [TIn]
U	ʊ		near-close near-back rounded vowel	Basa Inggris foot [fUt]
U\	ᵿ or ʊ̈		near-close central rounded vowel	Basa Inggris euphoria [jU\"fO@r\i@]
V	ʌ		open-mid back unrounded vowel	RP Basa Inggris strut [str\Vt]
W	ʍ		voiceless labial-velar fricative	Scots when [WEn]
X	χ		voiceless uvular fricative	Klallam sχaʔqʷaʔ [sXa?q_wa?]
X\	ħ		voiceless pharyngeal fricative	Arabic <ح>ha’ [X\A:]
Y	ʏ		near-close near-front rounded vowel	German hübsch [hYpS]
Z	ʒ		voiced postalveolar fricative	Basa Inggris vision ["vIZ@n]

Sibul liya

X-SAMPA	IPA	IPA gambar	Katrangan	Conto
.	.		syllable break
"	ˈ		primary stress
%	ˌ		secondary stress
' (or _j)	ʲ		palatalized
:	ː		long
:\	ˑ		half long	Estonian differentiates three vowel lengths
-			separator	Basa Polski trzy [t-S1] vs. czy [tS1] (affricate)
@	ə		schwa	Basa Inggris arena [@"r\i:n@]
@\	ɘ		close-mid central unrounded vowel	Paicĩ kɘ̄ɾɘ [k@\_M4@\_M]
{	æ		near-open front unrounded vowel	Basa Inggris trap [tr\{p]
}	ʉ		close central rounded vowel	Basa Swèdhen sju [x\}:]; AuE/NZE boot [b}:t]
1	ɨ		close central unrounded vowel	Welsh tu [t1], American Basa Inggris rose's ["r\oUz1z]
2	ø		close-mid front rounded vowel	Danish købe ["k2:b@], Basa Prancis deux [d2]
3	ɜ		open-mid central unrounded vowel	Basa Inggris nurse [n3:s] (RP) or [n3`s] (Gen.Am.)
3\	ɞ		open-mid central rounded vowel	Irish tomhail[t3\:l']
4	ɾ		alveolar flap	Spanish pero ["pe4o], American Basa Inggris better ["bE4@`]
5	ɫ		velarized alveolar lateral approximant; also see _e	Basa Inggris milk [mI5k]
6	ɐ		near-open central vowel	German besser ["bEs6], Australian Basa Inggris mud [m6d]
7	ɤ		close-mid back unrounded vowel	Estonian kõik [k7ik], Vietnamese mơ [m7_M]
8	ɵ		close-mid central rounded vowel	Basa Swèdhen buss [b8s]
9	œ		open-mid front rounded vowel	Basa Prancis neuf [n9f], Danish drømme [dR9m@]
&	ɶ		open front rounded vowel	Basa Swèdhen skörd [x\&d`]
?	ʔ		glottal stop	Danish stød [sd2?], Cockney Basa Inggris bottle ["bQ?l]
?\	ʕ		voiced pharyngeal fricative	Arabic ع‎ (`ayn) [?\Ajn]
*			undefined escape character, SAMPA's "conjunctor"
/			indeterminacy in Basa Prancis vowels
<			begin nonsegmental notation (e.g., SAMPROSA)
<\	ʢ		voiced epiglottal fricative
>			end nonsegmental notation
>\	ʡ		epiglottal plosive
^	↑		upstep
!	↓		downstep
!\	ǃ		postalveolar click
|	|		minor (foot) group
|\	ǀ		dental click
||	‖		major (intonation) group
|\|\	ǁ		alveolar lateral click
=\	ǂ		palatal click
-\	‿		linking mark

Diakritik

X-SAMPA	IPA	IPA gambar	Katrangan
_"	̈		centralized
_+	̟		advanced
_-	̠		retracted
_/	ˇ		rising tone
_0	̥		voiceless
_<			implosive (IPA uses separate symbols for implosives)
= (or _=)	̩		syllabic
_>	ʼ		ejective
_?\	ˤ		pharyngealized
_\	ˆ		falling tone
_^	̯		non-syllabic
_}	̚		no audible release
`	˞		rhotacization in vowels, retroflexion in consonants (IPA uses separate symbols for consonants, see t` for an example)
~ (or _~)	̃		nasalization
_A	̘		advanced tongue root
_a	̺		apical
_B	̏		extra low tone
_B_L	᷅		low rising tone
_c	̜		less rounded
_d	̪		dental
_e	̴		velarized or pharyngealized; also see 5
<F>			global fall
_F	̂		falling tone
_G	ˠ		velarized
_H	́		high tone
_H_T	᷄		high rising tone
_h	ʰ		aspirated
_j (or ')	ʲ		palatalized
_k	̰		creaky voice
_L	̀		low tone
_l	ˡ		lateral release
_M	̄		mid tone
_m	̻		laminal
_N	̼		linguolabial
_n	ⁿ		nasal release
_O	̹		more rounded
_o	̞		lowered
_q	̙		retracted tongue root
<R>			global rise
_R	̌		rising tone
_R_F	᷈		rising falling tone
_r	̝		raised
_T	̋		extra high tone
_t	̤		breathy voice
_v	̬		voiced
_w	ʷ		labialized
_X	̆		extra-short
_x	̽		mid-centralized

Bagan

Konsonan

Consonants (pulmonic)
Place of articulation →	Labial		Coronal				Dorsal				Radical				(none)
Manner of articulation ↓	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Dental	Alveolar	Post‐ alveolar	Retro‐ flex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular		Pharyn-geal		Epi‐ glottal		Glottal
Nasal	m	F	n			n`	J	N	N\
Plosive	p b	p_d b_d	t d			t` d`	c J\	k g	q G\				>\		?
Fricative	p\ B	f v	T D	s z	S Z	s` z`	C j\	x G	X	R	X\	?\	H\	<\	h h\
Approximant	B_o	v\	r\			r\`	j	M\
Trill	B\		r			*			R\				*
Tap or Flap	*†	*†	4			r`							*
Lateral Fricative			K K\			*	*	*
Lateral Approximant			l			l`	L	L\
Lateral Flap			l\			*	*	*

• Daggers (†) mark IPA symbols that have recently been added to Unicode. Since April 2008, this is the case of the labiodental flap, symbolized by a right-hook v in the IPA: A dedicated symbol for the labiodental flap does not yet exist in X-SAMPA.

Coarticulated
W	Voiceless labialized velar approximant
w	Voiced labialized velar approximant
H	Voiced labialized palatal approximant
s\	Voiceless palatalized postalveolar (alveolo-palatal) fricative
z\	Voiced palatalized postalveolar (alveolo-palatal) fricative
x\	Voiceless "palatal-velar" fricative

Affricates and double articulation
ts	voiceless alveolar affricate
dz	voiced alveolar affricate
tS	voiceless postalveolar affricate
dZ	voiced postalveolar affricate
ts\	voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate
dz\	voiced alveolo-palatal affricate
tK	voiceless alveolar lateral affricate
kp	voiceless labial-velar plosive
gb	voiced labial-velar plosive
Nm	labial-velar nasal (stop)

Consonants (non-pulmonic)
Clicks		Implosives		Ejectives
O\	Bilabial	b_<	Bilabial	_>	For example:
|\	Laminal alveolar ("dental")	d_<	Alveolar	p_>	Bilabial
!	Apical (post-) alveolar ("retroflex")	J\_<	Palatal	t_>	Alveolar
=\	Laminal postalveolar ("palatal")	g_<	Velar	k_>	Velar
|\|\	Lateral coronal ("lateral")	G\_<	Uvular	s_>	Alveolar fricative

Vokal

	Front	Near-front	Central	Near-back	Back
Close	i • y 1 • } M • u I • Y I\ • U\ • U e • 2 @\ • 8 7 • o @ E • 9 3 • 3\ V • O { • 6 a • & A • Q
Near‑close
Close‑mid
Mid
Open‑mid
Near‑open
Open

Uga delengen

• International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

Pranala njaba

• Computer-coding the IPA: A proposed extension of SAMPA Archived 2011-07-09 at the Wayback Machine.
• Translate Basa Inggris texts into IPA phonetics with PhoTransEdit. This free software tool allows to export transcriptions to X-SAMPA.
• Online converter between IPA and X-Sampa
• Web-based translator for X-SAMPA documents. Produces Unicode text, XML text, PostScript, PDF, or LaTeX TIPA.
• Z-SAMPA Archived 2007-03-10 at the Wayback Machine., an extension of X-SAMPA sometimes used for conlangs