Papers by Khaldoon A Bani-Hani
Ain Shams Engineering Journal
Materials
In this paper, rainfall droplet impact force is transformed into a measurable voltage signal outp... more In this paper, rainfall droplet impact force is transformed into a measurable voltage signal output via the piezoelectric material direct effect utilized for sensing purposes. The motivating sensor is utilized to measure the peak impact forces of rainfall droplets for further analysis and processing. Constructing a sense for the impact force of rainfall droplets has great implications in many real-life applications that can provide vital information regarding the amplifications of the impact force of rainfall on soil erosion, and the impact on small creatures and plants, etc. The rainfall droplet is set to collide on a very thin aluminum plate with negligible mass that can be presented geometrically as an extended segment of the proposed sensing device. The proposed sensing device is composed of a bimorph simply supported composite-piezoelectric beam that buckles due to the effect of the rain droplets’ vertical impact force. The proposed device is designed for optimal performance in...
Sustainability
The process of making phosphates fertilizer involves taking the soft rock phosphate and mixing it... more The process of making phosphates fertilizer involves taking the soft rock phosphate and mixing it with sulphuric acid. This process creates a gypsum by-product (phosphogypsum). Although gypsum is a widely used material in the construction industry, most of the produced phosphogypsum is not processed around the world and is stacked into large piles over the land, especially near coastal areas, which raised concerns about their stability. Such a disposal scheme creates man-made slopes in the surrounding areas which are prone to failure, which represents a common challenge for engineers. A slope failure will lead to a significant risk not only to human lives and activities but to the topographic and geological location of the stacks. In this paper, the geotechnical properties of the phosphogypsum in Aqaba, Jordan are determined and embankment stability analysis is carried out, as the purpose of this study is to evaluate the phosphogypsum stockpiles’ stability, and therefore, avoid any ...
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management
Proceedings of the International Conference on Civil Infrastructure and Construction (CIC 2020), 2020
One of the most difficult challenges facing researchers these days is making industrial applicati... more One of the most difficult challenges facing researchers these days is making industrial applications (e.g. engines, automobiles, and aircraft) run on renewable energy and reducing the use of fuel as much as possible. One approach to achieve this goal is the use of smart materials such as piezoelectric materials which produce mechanical stress or strain under the application of an electrical field. Vice versa, if this material is subjected to a mechanical strain, an electrical field will result. Piezoelectric materials are used as sensors or actuators for the structural control of smart structures. In this paper, a mathematical model represented by the governing differential equation for a host plate containing two piezoelectric patches has been developed to predict the displacement of a plate excited by the piezoelectric patches and transverse loads.
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review, 2019
This paper presents the finite element analysis (FEA) results of a two-span continuous cast-in-pl... more This paper presents the finite element analysis (FEA) results of a two-span continuous cast-in-place prestressed concrete box girder highway bridge with various asphalt wearing surface thicknesses. The benefits of the FEA can be extremely valued when visualizing the substantial cost and time savings, the potential of signifying any attractive response at any location in the system and at any load value and, and the capability to modify any constraint of interest. Based on the analysis results, asphalt wearing surface thicknesses considerably enhances the ultimate positive and negative moments, ultimate deflection, and ultimate positive and negative stress. The stress due to truck load were below the allowable tensile and compressive strength of deck as well as the asphalt wearing surface had a strong impact on the positive stress, moderate impact on the ultimate moment and corresponding deflection, and small impact on negative stress.
International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Multiscale Mechanics, 2014
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have recently been integrated in the most widely used material in the wor... more Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have recently been integrated in the most widely used material in the world 'concrete' for improving its mechanical properties and fracture resistance. This paper computationally investigates the pull-out behaviour of a single CNT from cement. The effects of: 1) CNT-cement interfacial shear strength, stiffness, and fracture energy; 2) the cement mechanical properties; 3) CNT's mechanical properties, aspect ratio, and surface area to volume ratio on the pull-out strength from a cement matrix are investigated through simulating the single straight CNT pull-out. A coupled elastic-plastic-damage constitutive model is adopted to simulate the behaviour of the cement matrix, whereas the continuum shell model is used to simulate the elastic behaviour of CNT. The surface-based cohesive behaviour is employed for modelling the interface between CNT and cement matrix. It is shown that CNT pull-out is mainly governed by the interfacial fracture energy, and not the interfacial shear strength.
Journal of Nanomaterials, 2015
A parametric study was conducted to explore the effect of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ or... more A parametric study was conducted to explore the effect of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ or interphase) on the overall elastic modulus of the CNT-reinforced cement. The effect of the ITZ properties on the elastic modulus of the CNT-reinforced cement was investigated using a four-phase axisymmetric model consisting of a single CNT aligned at the center of composite unit cell, an interface, an ITZ (or interphase), and a cement matrix. The CNT and cement matrix were assumed fully elastic while the interface was modeled using a cohesive surface framework. The width and mechanical properties of the ITZ and the interface were found to affect significantly the elastic modulus and the behavior of the composite material.
Journal of Nanomaterials, 2015
This paper investigates the elastic (Young’s) modulus of carbon Nanotube- (CNT-) reinforced cemen... more This paper investigates the elastic (Young’s) modulus of carbon Nanotube- (CNT-) reinforced cement paste using 3D and axisymmetric models using Abaqus software. The behavior of the CNT and the cement matrix was assumed to be fully elastic while the cohesive surface framework was used to model the interface. To investigate the effect of fiber waviness on the value of the elastic modulus, 3D models were developed assuming different distributions of fibers. The results obtained using the 3D model were compared to those obtained using the simplified three-phase axisymmetric model which consists of one single CNT aligned in the center of composite unit cell, an interface, and cement matrix. A parametric study was then carried out using the axisymmetric model to study the role of the interface in the composite elastic modulus without accounting for the presence of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ or interphase). The results showed that the CNTs waviness significantly reduced their rei...
Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on the Application of Artificial Intelligence to Civil and Structural Engineering
In this paper, a new neural network based control algorithm is proposed and evaluated for a wind-... more In this paper, a new neural network based control algorithm is proposed and evaluated for a wind-excited tall building equipped with Active Tuned Mass Damper (ATMD). The control methodology requires the construction of two separate neural networks that operate jointly online to control the building (plant). The first neural network model replicates and predicts the future plant response due to external excitations, and the other neural network simulates the inverse-dynamics model of the building. The performance of the controller is examined and compared to an LQG controller presented in a benchmark problem [1]. It is shown that neural networks are promising and effective nonparametric approach for structural control algorithms. Moreover, the controller robustness and stability are studied and presented.
Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Engineering Computational Technology
The application of genetic algorithm-based methodology for the structural design is presented in ... more The application of genetic algorithm-based methodology for the structural design is presented in this study. The genetic algorithm is used to design prestressed concrete beams (PCB). The target objective in this method is to obtain set of optimal geometrical dimensions of symmetrical I-beam cross section. Additionally, the amount of pre-stressing steel is optimized. Post-tensioned prestressed beam with a single duct of parabolic shape is considered in the application. Several parameters are studied including the effect of the span length considering different loading cases. The performance constraints are adopted according to the ACI 318/95 Building Code provisions [1]; including the flexural stresses, the ultimate moment capacity of the section with respect to cracking moment, the maximum crack width, the immediate deflection and the long term deflection in addition to the side constraints. The results are presented and compared; several design charts are developed and presented. The present study showed the promising capabilities of the genetic algorithm in optimal designs, and showed the practicability of the genetic algorithm for different structural optimization problems.
International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2013
In this paper, the dynamic response of a Timoshenko beam with distributed internal viscous dampin... more In this paper, the dynamic response of a Timoshenko beam with distributed internal viscous damping (DIVD) is analyzed with the aim to ascertain their relative effects on the whole range of beam slenderness. With respect to some previous and quite recent works, some further and fundamental generalizations are therefore introduced. First, the decoupling of shear and bending damping mechanisms, with or without the presence of the external classical viscous contribution. This splitting allows the outlining of the relevant influences on the dynamic response associated to any singular damping mechanism and the evaluation of the modal critical damping. As a second contemporary step, an explicit dependency is set upon the shear slenderness of the beam model, allowing to study the dependence of each single damping mechanism upon the relevant kinematic model, spanning from truly Bernoulli's behavior to mainly Shear controlled responses. According to the selected damping model, the dynamic behavior automatically selects the characteristics of kinematical response (relative levels of shear and bending contributions) depending of the minimization of the total internal energy (i.e. elastic energy and dissipation). In the folds of this study, the problem of optimal piece-wise constant distribution of DIVD is finally also addressed, firstly showing that is possible to find nontrivial and interesting solutions.
Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, 2015
This study investigates the performance of using waste tire crumb rubber as an alternative aggreg... more This study investigates the performance of using waste tire crumb rubber as an alternative aggregate for concrete pedestrian blocks. It focuses on determining the engineering properties of the crumb rubber concrete pedestrian blocks, such as unit weight, water absorption, compressive and flexural strengths, as well as freeze-and-thaw resistance. Crumb rubber has been previously used in several applications, such as asphalt pavement, waterproofing systems, membrane liners,… etc. In this study, crumb rubber is used to replace portions of fine aggregates in the manufacturing of concrete pedestrian blocks. Crumb rubber concrete pedestrian blocks were found to possess good aesthetics and a smaller unit weight than plain concrete pedestrian blocks. They were also found to have good resistance to repeated freezing and thawing cycles. However, crumb rubber concrete pedestrian blocks exhibited low compressive and flexural strengths. Unlike plain concrete pedestrian blocks, crumb rubber concrete blocks did not demonstrate the typical brittle failure. They exhibited a ductile, plastic failure and showed the ability to absorb a large amount of plastic energy under compressive and flexural loads.
Smart Structures and Systems, 2008
ABSTRACT This paper summarizes the experimental vibration-based structural health monitoring stud... more ABSTRACT This paper summarizes the experimental vibration-based structural health monitoring study on a historical monument in Jordan. In this work, and within the framework of the European Commission funded project “Wide-Range Non-Intrusive Devices Toward Conservation of Historical Monuments in the Mediterranean Area”, a seven and a half century old minaret located in Ajloun (73 km north of the capital Amman) is studied. Because of their cultural value, touristic importance and the desire to preserve them for the future, only nondestructive tests were allowed for the experimental investigation of such heritage structures. Therefore, after dimensional measurements and determination of the current state of damage in the selected monument, ambient vibration tests are conducted to measure the accelerations at strategic locations of the system. Output-only modal identification technique is applied to extract the modal parameters such as natural frequencies and mode shapes. A Non-linear version of SAP 2000 computer program is used to develop a three-dimensional finite element model of the minaret. The developed numerical model is then updated according to the modal parameters obtained experimentally by the ambient-vibration test-results and the measured characteristics of old stone and deteriorated mortar. Moreover, a parametric identification method using the N4Sid state space model is employed to model the dynamic behavior of the minaret and to build up a robust, immune and noise tolerant model.
Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, 2007
The geotechnical investigations, the structural analyses and the remedial measures of a cracked r... more The geotechnical investigations, the structural analyses and the remedial measures of a cracked reinforced concrete school building are presented in this paper. The building is located in Irbid, Jordan, where the soil is highly expansive and the volume change of the soil causes major destruction in the buildings in the area. Field and laboratory tests were performed on the foundation soil of the building to determine its swell potential and other engineering properties. The school building is modeled as a 3-D finite element model using Sap2000 code. The model is built based on results of geotechnical investigation. The results revealed structural deficiencies in building members (columns, beams and footings) due to the swelling gradient. Remedial measures were proposed and implemented to rehabilitate and strengthen the overstressed members. The repaired school has been under service since 2003. The school building performance is being under monitoring since then and has shown reliab...
A comprehensive analytical and experimental study of actively controlled nonlinear structures usi... more A comprehensive analytical and experimental study of actively controlled nonlinear structures using the learning capabilities of the neural networks is presented. The method utilizes the neural networks learning capability of the control tasks and referred to as neuro-control method. The neurocontrollers are developed and trained by the use of independent neural network models called the emulator neural networks. The emulator neural networks provide a training path for the neurocontrollers as well as identify non-parametric models of the controlled system. This study is developed and conducted in two consecutive phases. The first phase comprised the analytical study of nonlinear structural control. In this phase, two neurocontrollers with their associated emulator neural networks are developed, trained, assessed and tested in numerical simulation of a three story steel frame model. First neurocontroller is trained when the response of the structure remained within the linearly elast...
MATEC Web of Conferences, 2018
Stability and stress analyses are the most important elements that require rigorous consideration... more Stability and stress analyses are the most important elements that require rigorous consideration in design of a dam structure. In the current research, dynamic structural stability of a roller-compacted-concrete (RCC) dam was performed. The RCC dam was modeled using the finite element method to investigate the stability against sliding and the structural stability of the body of the dam. The commercially available finite element software (SAP 2000) was used to analyze stresses in the body of the dam and foundation. A linear finite element dynamic analysis was performed. Response spectrum and time history methods were used with different earthquake loads. The response spectrum of the 1995 Aqaba earthquake and a representative elastic-spectrum with smooth plateau for both Operating Basis Earthquake (OBE) and Maximum Credible Earthquake (MCE) were used in this study. The analysis was carried out assuming that no slip will occur at the interface between the dam and the foundation. The greatest tension was found to develop in the rock adjacent to the toe of the upstream slope. The factor of safety against sliding along the entire base of the dam was found to be greater than 1 (FS>1), for both loading conditions.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
Stability and stress analyses are the most important elements that require rigorous consideration... more Stability and stress analyses are the most important elements that require rigorous consideration in design of a dam structure. Stability of dams against sliding is crucial due to the substantial horizontal load that requires sufficient and safe resistance to develop by mobilization of adequate shearing forces along the base of the dam foundation. In the current research, the static sliding stability of a roller-compacted-concrete (RCC) dam was modelled using finite element method to investigate the stability against sliding. A commercially available finite element software (SAP 2000) was used to analyze stresses in the body of the dam and foundation. A linear finite element static analysis was performed in which a linear plane strain isoperimetric four node elements was used for modelling the dam-foundation system. The analysis was carried out assuming that no slip will occur at the interface between the dam and the foundation. Usual static loading condition was applied for the static analysis. The greatest tension was found to develop in the rock adjacent to the toe of the upstream slope. The factor of safety against sliding along the entire base of the dam was found to be greater than 1 (FS>1), for static loading conditions.
MATEC Web of Conferences
This paper presents the results of using artificial neural networks (ANN) in an inverse mapping p... more This paper presents the results of using artificial neural networks (ANN) in an inverse mapping problem for earthquake accelerograms generation. This study comprises of two parts: 1-D site response analysis; performed for Dubai Emirate at UAE, where eight earthquakes records are selected and spectral matching are performed to match Dubai response spectrum using SeismoMatch software. Site classification of Dubai soil is being considered for two classes C and D based on shear wave velocity of soil profiles. Amplifications factors are estimated to quantify Dubai soil effect. Dubai's design response spectra are developed for site classes C & D according to International Buildings Code (IBC-2012). In the second part, ANN is employed to solve inverse mapping problem to generate time history earthquake record. Thirty earthquakes records and their design response spectrum with 5% damping are used to train two cascade forward backward neural networks (ANN1, ANN2). ANN1 is trained to map the design response spectrum to time history and ANN2 is trained to map time history records to the design response spectrum. Generalized time history earthquake records are generated using ANN1 for Dubai's site classes C and D, and ANN2 is used to evaluate the performance of ANN1.
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Papers by Khaldoon A Bani-Hani