By
Vasudev Ram
While browsing
the Python Reddit, I saw this post:
Python website tuts that don't use Django, in which the poster (
user amnion) asked (excerpted for brevity):
"I'm trying to get a feel for how Python can be used for websites ... I want to familiarize myself with everything
under the hood more. ... any resources that show
how to make a website without using a framework?"
Many of the answers were interesting (and some had useful links to related reading), but I found
this one particularly of interest (user name showed as
[deleted] for some reason):
Here's
a basic wsgi server (aka "enough to make a website without using a framework").
The variables path and method will contain the path portion of the requested url and the http verb (GET, POST...). "Real" web frameworks are built up around this interface, adding features for url routing, authentication, session management, persistence, etc.
Sans framework,
you're free to produce html in any way you see fit. This
ten line example runs on python's simple http server, but it will also run on apache/ mod_wsgi, google app engine, or anything supporting wsgi.
"""
basic_wsgi_server.py
Basic WSGI server in Python.
From: http://www.reddit.com/r/Python/comments/1eboql/python_website_tuts_that_dont_use_django/c9z3qyz
"""
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
host = 'localhost'
port = 8888
def app(environ, start_response):
path = environ['PATH_INFO']
method = environ['REQUEST_METHOD']
response = 'This is the page for "{}"'.format(path)
start_response('200 OK', [('Content-type', 'text/html')])
return [response]
make_server(host, port, app).serve_forever()
I tried the above code (I named it
basic_wsgi_server.py), and it worked.
Then, out of interest, I thought of modifying that basic
WSGI server to make it serve PDF, using my
xtopdf toolkit for PDF creation. Constant PDF content, though, not dynamically generated stuff. So here is the code of
basic_wsgi_pdf_server.py:
# Basic WSGI PDF server in Python.
# Adapted from:
# http://www.reddit.com/r/Python/comments/1eboql/python_website_tuts_that_dont_use_django/c9z3qyz
from debug1 import debug1
from PDFWriter import PDFWriter
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
host = 'localhost'
port = 8888
def app(environ, start_response):
debug1("Entered app")
path = environ['PATH_INFO']
method = environ['REQUEST_METHOD']
print "path:", path
print "method:", method
#response = 'This is the page for "{}"'.format(path)
lines = [
"Jack and Jill went up the hill",
"Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall,",
"'You are old, Father William,' the young man said,",
"Master of all masters"
]
debug1("Before creating PDFWriter and setting its fields")
pdf_filename = "Nursery-rhymes-and-stories.pdf"
pw = PDFWriter(pdf_filename)
pw.setFont("Courier", 12)
pw.setHeader("Excerpts from nursery rhymes and stories")
pw.setFooter("Generated by xtopdf and basic_wsgi_pdf_server")
debug1("Before for loop to write the lines")
for line in lines:
pw.writeLine(line)
pw.writeLine(" ")
pw.close()
debug1("Before with statement to read file contents")
with open(pdf_filename, "rb") as fil:
response = fil.read()
#start_response('200 OK', [('Content-type', 'text/html')])
debug1("Before start_response")
start_response('200 OK', [('Content-type', 'application/pdf')])
debug1("Before returning response")
return [response]
debug1("Before make_server and serve_forever()")
make_server(host, port, app).serve_forever()
Ran it with:
python basic_wsgi_pdf_server.py
Note that I added a few calls to a function called
debug1, which is a slightly improved version of the debugging function I mentioned in this post:
A simple Python debugging function
, in order to proactively get information about any problem with the program. But it turned out to have no issues - worked straightaway.
Here is a screenshot of the output:
References:
[1]
Jack and Jill
[2]
Humpty Dumpty
[3]
Father William
[4]
Master of all masters
Isn't my test data better than
Lorem ipsum? :-)
-
Vasudev Ram - Dancing Bison Enterprises
