International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Background: Plagiarism (Plg) is an unacceptable practice since it affects the integrity of scient... more Background: Plagiarism (Plg) is an unacceptable practice since it affects the integrity of scientific literature. Aim and objectives: To seek students’ knowledge and attitude regarding Plg and solicit suggestions to prevent Plg in our institute. The specific objectives of the study were to ascertain whether students’ knowledge and attitudes about Plg differ by their demographic characteristics and academic years. Methodology: A 32 item questionnaire was given to all the undergraduate (UG) students of the College of Medicine and Dentistry, Jouf University, KSA. The research questions focused on demographic information, knowledge and attitude regarding Plg, and suggestions to curb Plg. Results: A total of 134 UG students filled out the survey. The samples consisted of 97 males and 37 females. Most of the students displayed adequate knowledge regarding Plg in terms of copying words or ideas, quoting references, and copying words without changing the matter. As compared to female studen...
Background. The zygomatic complex is the second most common fracture of the facial bones after th... more Background. The zygomatic complex is the second most common fracture of the facial bones after the nasal bone. The prominent convex shape of the zygoma makes it vulnerable to traumatic injury. Diplopia is one of the serious complications of zygomatic complex fracture and is a common subjective complaint. Objective. To determine the frequency of diplopia in zygomatic complex fractures. Methodology. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Ward, Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. The duration of the study was 1 year (March 1, 2021 to February 28, 2022). A total of 126 patients having zygomatic complex fractures were included in this study. After recording the patient’s complete history, like demographic details and cause for fracture, diplopia was examined clinically. If, during the examination, the patient complained of double vision, this was labeled as diplopia positive (Yes) and negative (No) if the patient did not have any such compl...
Background: Cigarette smoking has been identified as most perilous risk factor for several health... more Background: Cigarette smoking has been identified as most perilous risk factor for several health ailments. Increased price may discourage smoking habits. There is limited literature available on impact of price rise on smoking behaviors in Saudi Arabia, which is the fourth largest importer of cigarettes and this study assessed the impact of tax increase (in 2020) on smoking behaviors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out between July 2021 and December 2021.i.e.one year after new value added tax (VAT) system came into force. Data was collected with 14-item pretested questionnaire from 721 adult smokers in Al-Jouf Region of Saudi Arabia selected through stratified cluster ransom sampling. We measured effects of tax increase on smoking behaviors, its impact on decision to quit and perceived health improvements as outcome variables. Results: Nearly 40% of the respondents said that increased price lead them to smoke less number of cigarettes per day (P=0.000), decreased smo...
Background: Prosthodontic replacement of missing teeth is necessary to maintain function, aesthet... more Background: Prosthodontic replacement of missing teeth is necessary to maintain function, aesthetics and prevent further oral complications. Objective: To assess whether health education 'video' increased prosthodontics treatment demand for replacing missing teeth compared to traditional health education (IEC) 'leaflet' among patients visiting a university dental care centre, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A non-randomized educational intervention was conducted among the patients who had missing teeth. 350 participants were divided equally into two interventions groups- health education leaflet group and health education video group. Two major variants were ascertained; demand for prosthodontic dental care and awareness (knowledge) about importance of replacement of missing teeth. These two variants were studied for the difference in the scores between base line and at the end of the program i.e. after 3 months. Bivariate analysis was done with Chi square test, Mc Nemar Chi-square test and Wilcoxon matched-pairs tests and finally binary logistic regression analysis was done. Results: Final analysis included 324 participants. There was improvement in both knowledge and demand for prosthodontic care in both the groups after health education, but statistically significant improvement in demand for dental care was observed in the health education video group compared to leaflet group (42.9% vs 63.2%). Logistic regression analysis identified that having missing teeth in anterior region of jaw and being into video group were two significant factors associated with increased demand for care. Conclusion: Health education video method was found to be effective method compared to leaflets in improving knowledge and demand for replacing missing teeth.
Work-a Journal of Prevention Assessment & Rehabilitation, Jul 18, 2023
BACKGROUND: Local anaesthesia is the anaesthetic technique most frequently used in dentistry. Adv... more BACKGROUND: Local anaesthesia is the anaesthetic technique most frequently used in dentistry. Advanced anaesthetic treatments like conscious sedation and/or general anaesthesia are required for major dental surgical procedures. Although general dentists are capable of administering local anaesthesia, additional training is needed for advanced anaesthetic procedures. It is generally disputed whether advanced anaesthetic techniques should be related to one or two dental specialties or whether they should receive a separate degree. OBJECTIVE: This paper aims at introducing the field of ‘dental anaesthesiology’ in routine dental practice as applicable within laws laid down for dental and medical specialities. METHODS: Publications, articles and mouthpieces relevant to the topic of dental anaesthesiology were identified using various search engines like MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, and Web of Science. The terms used for the search were ‘Dental anaesthesiology’, ‘General anaesthesia’, and ‘Dental care’. Articles about dental treatment done under anaesthesia were only considered describing various anaesthesia techniques. Additionally, the authors being regular caregivers of dentistry including oral and maxillofacial surgeon have shared their personal experiences and information on the said theme. RESULTS: In total, 127 articles were found of which 33 articles were available as full texts. Unrelated articles from the available full text were excluded. Finally, 17 studies were incorporated into the review. Majority of dental anaesthesiologist has a positive and favourable attitude towards the profession. Pediatric dentistry, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and special needs dentistry are the fields with the highest service demand. Also, the field is lucrative if the practitioner is refined and provides sophisticated services. It is easier and time saving to train the dentists, especially the ones with oral and maxillofacial surgery background. CONCLUSION: A degree of dental anaesthesiologist will open new doors to the budding dentist seeking for jobs or wanting to provide the best outcome.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Brazilian Research in Pediatric Dentistry and Integrated Clinic, 2022
Objective: To evaluate root canal configuration and morphology of premolar teeth among Saudi subp... more Objective: To evaluate root canal configuration and morphology of premolar teeth among Saudi subpopulations using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, CBCT images of 314 patients comprising 346 maxillary and 412 mandibular first premolar (FPM) teeth, 298 maxillary and 387 mandibular second premolar (SPM) teeth were analyzed to evaluate the number of roots, root canal morphology, and configuration based on the Vertucci's classification. The average intra-class correlation coefficient value was 0.931. Results: In the maxillary first premolar, 52.6% were two separate rooted and single rooted teeth, with one canal in 81.2% of the maxillary second premolar. Among the mandibular FPM, 96.6% of the teeth had one root and canal, and 97.9% of mandibular SPM had one root and canal. Type 1 canal configuration was seen as most common in all premolars. The number of roots in mandibular premolars did not reveal the difference among gender. Conclusion: Wide variations in root canal morphology and canal configuration system exists among maxillary and mandibular premolar teeth.
A strong and healthy microbiome is responsible for homeostasis between the host and microbiota wh... more A strong and healthy microbiome is responsible for homeostasis between the host and microbiota which is necessary to achieve the normal functioning of the body. Dysbiosis provokes prevalence of pathogenic microbes, leading to alterations in gene expression profiles and metabolic processes. This in turn results in anomalous immune responses of the host. Dysbiosis may be associated with a wide variety of diseases like irritable bowel syndrome, coeliac disease, allergic conditions, bronchitis, asthma, heart diseases and oncogenesis. Presently, the links between oral microbial consortia and their functions, not only in the preservation of homeostasis but also pathogenesis of several malignancies have gained much awareness from the scientific community. The primary intent of this review is to highlight the dynamic role of oral microbiome in oncogenesis and its progression through various mechanisms. A literature search was conducted using multiple databases comprising of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane electronic databases with keywords including microbiome, microbiota, carcinogenesis, tumorigenesis, and immunosuppression. Current and the past literature has pointed out the role of microorganisms in oncogenesis. It may be put forth that both the commensal and pathogenic strains of oral microbiome play an undeniably conspicuous role in carcinogenesis at different body sites.
The use of computer and information technology is on an escalation. The prime purpose of the pres... more The use of computer and information technology is on an escalation. The prime purpose of the present study was to know the extent of the internet use in dentistry. There is little contemporary literature outlining the knowledge, views and attitudes of dental students regarding the use of the internet in dentistry especially in our country-India. Hence, it was decided to conduct a pilot questionnaire study regarding the internet and its use in dentistry among dental undergraduate (UG) and postgraduate (PG) students. A prospective, cross-sectional, self-designed questionnaire with questions on various aspects of usage of the internet by the dental students was circulated among the UG and PG students at two dental institutes of Belgaum, Karnataka, India at KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences and Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre. Completed questionnaires were received from 284 out of total 335 UG students and 112 out of total 196 PG students with a response rate of 84.8% and 57.14% respectively. 82.04% of UG and 87.5% of PG students had personal laptops with access to the internet, indicating easy accessibility to technology. E-mail/surfing was the most common purpose of the internet use among all the students. 77.8% of UG and 85.7% of PG students agreed that the internet use represent a threat to dentist-patient relationship. The results of this questionnaire survey can be basically taken as an eye opener which discusses various reasons for use of the internet by UG and PG students. Our study attempts to highlight that this technology is regularly used for entertainment than for academic purposes. Hence each graduating dentist should not only have a thorough knowledge of the internet, but should also be trained for literature search and this can only be accomplished by proper and compulsory training of these students for various applications of the internet in dentistry as practicing evidence-based health care might come in huge way tomorrow.
Background: The physiologic dentogingival unit (DGU), also known as the biologic width, is consid... more Background: The physiologic dentogingival unit (DGU), also known as the biologic width, is considered to be essential for longevity of the teeth as well as of restorations. Although the clinical relevance of determining the dimensions of DGU is obvious, there is no description in the literature of any simple, standardized, and noninvasive technique for the measurement of DGU in humans. Aim: This study was undertaken to evaluate an innovative radiographic exploration technique (parallel profile radiography [PPRx]) for measuring the dimensions of the DGU on the labial surfaces of maxillary anterior teeth and to provide additional information on the dimensions of the DGU in humans. Methodology: In this study, two radiographs were made in fifty periodontally healthy volunteers, one in frontal projection, while the second radiograph was a PPRx obtained from a lateral position. The dimensions of the DGU were measured radiographically over these images. All data analyses were performed using SPSS 14.0. Results: PPRx was a highly reproducible exploratory technique. Mean dentogingival measurements on the labial surface of right maxillary central incisor were 1.76 ± 0.87 mm for cementoenamel junction (CEJ)-bone crest distance, 1.39 ± 0.50 for gingival sulcus depth, 1.56 ± 0.28 mm for thickness of connective tissue attachment at CEJ, 1.09 ± 0.28 mm for thickness of free gingiva at its base, 1.95 ± 0.43 mm for biologic width, 0.47 ± 0.22 mm for thickness of bone plate at crest level, and 1.76 ± 0.67 mm for gingival overlap on enamel surface. A statistically significant relationship was observed between gingival width and gingival sulcus depth (P = 0.06). These results suggest that the dimensions of DGU are highly variable in humans. Conclusions: We conclude that the dimensions of the DGU in humans can be measured with the PPRx technique, and this technique offers a simple, concise, noninvasive, inexpensive, and reproducible method that can be used in the clinical setup to measure both the length and thickness of the DGU with accuracy. Clinical Relevance to Interdisciplinary Dentistry The dimensions and relationships of the structures of the DGU are essential aspects in many fields of dentistry, and our study strengthen the view that parallel profile radiography can be used as a noninvasive and reliable procedure for measuring the dimensions of the DGU.
A strong and healthy microbiome is responsible for homeostasis between the host and microbiota wh... more A strong and healthy microbiome is responsible for homeostasis between the host and microbiota which is necessary to achieve the normal functioning of the body. Dysbiosis provokes prevalence of pathogenic microbes, leading to alterations in gene expression profiles and metabolic processes. This in turn results in anomalous immune responses of the host. Dysbiosis may be associated with a wide variety of diseases like irritable bowel syndrome, coeliac disease, allergic conditions, bronchitis, asthma, heart diseases and oncogenesis. Presently, the links between oral microbial consortia and their functions, not only in the preservation of homeostasis but also pathogenesis of several malignancies have gained much awareness from the scientific community. The primary intent of this review is to highlight the dynamic role of oral microbiome in oncogenesis and its progression through various mechanisms. A literature search was conducted using multiple databases comprising of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane electronic databases with keywords including microbiome, microbiota, carcinogenesis, tumorigenesis, and immunosuppression. Current and the past literature has pointed out the role of microorganisms in oncogenesis. It may be put forth that both the commensal and pathogenic strains of oral microbiome play an undeniably conspicuous role in carcinogenesis at different body sites.
Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada
Objective: To assess the role of radiological predictive markers on orthopantomogram for inferior... more Objective: To assess the role of radiological predictive markers on orthopantomogram for inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury related to the removal of mandibular third molar surgery and the occurrence of postoperative IAN paresthesia. Material and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 60 patients (aged 17-35 years) indicated for extraction and showed one or more of the seven previously known panoramic radiographic risk signs of IAN injury. Variables such as age, sex, tooth angulation, and relationship with the inferior alveolar canal (IAC) were assessed to see their outcome on IAN injury. Data analysis is presented through tables and descriptive methods. Results: Among patients, 26 were male and 34 were female, with a mean age of 26.17 years. Out of seven radiological predictive markers, only six were found in this study, whereas one marker, viz. interruption of white line of the canal was not found. After surgical removal of the lower third molar, only two patients with radiographic signs showing the deflection of roots and darkening of roots continued with sensory deficit 5 weeks post-operatively. Conclusion: The risk of inferior alveolar nerve injury during lower third molar surgery is very low, even in patients with radiological predictive markers.
Background: Size and shape of the sella turcica is considered vital for many radiographic analyse... more Background: Size and shape of the sella turcica is considered vital for many radiographic analyses. Objectives: To assess and compare the linear dimensions and shape of sella turcica on digital lateral cephalograms in Saudi subpopulation with different skeletal patterns, age groups and genders. Methodology: A total of 300 digital lateral cephalograms were retrieved from the hospital archive. The selected cephalograms were grouped based on the age, gender, and skeletal types. The linear dimensions and shape of sella turcica were measured on each radiograph. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test and a one-way ANOVA. To test the interrelationship of age, gender, and skeletal type with the dimensions of sella turcica, regression analyses were used. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.01. Results: Significant differences in linear dimensions between the age groups (P < 0.001) and genders (P < 0.001) were noted. On comparing sella size with different skeletal types, a significant difference was found for all sella dimensions (P < 0.001). The mean length, depth and diameter among skeletal class III were significantly higher than that among classes I and II. On comparing age, gender, and skeletal type with size of sella, age and skeletal type were significantly related to the change of length, depth and diameter (P < 0.001), whereas gender was found to be significantly related only to a change in length of the sella (P < 0.01). For the sella shape, normal morphology was noted in 44.3% of patients. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the measurements of sella can be used as reference standards for future studies in Saudi subpopulation.
The condylar guidance value (CGV) measurement constitutes an important part of a holistic prostho... more The condylar guidance value (CGV) measurement constitutes an important part of a holistic prosthodontic treatment plan, with horizontal CGVs (HCGVs) and lateral CGVs (LCGVs) being two of the most prominently recognized. This systematic review aimed at evaluating the efficacy of two different types of CGV measurement protocols—articulators (both arcon and non-arcon) and panoramic radiographs. Additionally, it attempts to determine which of the mentioned methods performs better across several parameters. Several important web databases were searched using search terms derived from medical subject headings (MeSH), using keywords linked to “Arcon articulator”, “Condylar guidance angle”, “non-arcon articulator”, “Panoramic x-ray” and “Radiographic examination”, which constituted the first step in the study selection strategy. After completion, the search strategy which initially turned up to 831 papers, eventually ended up with 13 studies. The review and subsequent meta-analysis revealed...
Background: The appropriate alignment of the lower teeth is indicated by the Curve of Spee (COS),... more Background: The appropriate alignment of the lower teeth is indicated by the Curve of Spee (COS), which can be observed in the sagittal profile view of human skulls. Graf Von Spee made the initial observation on this occlusal curvature. Through this systematic review and meta-analysis, we evaluated studies that looked at how COS affected masticatory activities. Methods: The databases PubMed-MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus were all searched. A total of 12 documents were ultimately picked because they met the necessary inclusion and exclusion requirements. The data was then loaded into the RevMan 5 programme for meta-analysis after being chosen for information on the sample size, variables analyzed, and various aspects of the research. Results: The Curve of Spee was found to have a noticeable impact on both the masticatory efficiency as well as dentofacial alignment in the 12 studies that we selected for the review and meta-analysis. In addition, other occlusal curvature...
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
Background: Alveolar osteitis is a painful condition that occurs after tooth extraction. This con... more Background: Alveolar osteitis is a painful condition that occurs after tooth extraction. This condition has been treated with various chemical and herbal formulations that are found to be efficacious with different success rates. Objectives: The present study is aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of organic olive oil and Nano-Bio Fusion (NBF) gel in the management of alveolar osteitis. Materials and Methods: 90 patients who were diagnosed with alveolar osteitis following non-surgical dental extractions were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The extraction socket was irrigated with warm normal saline followed by insertion of sterile gauze soaked in organic olive oil in Group I patients (n=45) and with NBF gel in Group II patients (n=45). The patients were recalled for the change in dressings on day 3, day 5 and day 7. The subjects were evaluated for the following parameters on 7 th day; pain, gingival erythema, granulation tissue and the extraction socket margin. Data were analyzed using Friedman test and Mann-Whitney U test. P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean VAS score on day 1 for group I was 8.9 and group II was 8.6. The mean VAS score for both the groups was zero on day 7 though the participants of group II reported better pain relief from day 3 to day 7 when compared with group I patients. Subjects treated with olive oil showed a mildly inflamed gingival to a normal pink variant on day 7. However, all the subjects treated with NBF gel presented with healthy pink gingival on day 7. There was significant improvement in the healing of the margin in both cases. Conclusion: Compared to the olive oil, NBF gel helps in enhanced healing in cases of alveolar osteitis.
This observational study was conducted to evaluate the clinical signs and symptoms of maxillary s... more This observational study was conducted to evaluate the clinical signs and symptoms of maxillary sinus tumors and to propose a clinical examination sieve and a unique risk alarm score to be used for timely patient referral and vigilance. The study consisted of 70 patients between 20 to 82 years of age from both sexes. The clinical information gained was collected from the upper dentoalveolar segment, orbit, and nasal sites. Regarding the early clinical sign and symptoms of patients, nasal obstruction was found in 67 patients (95.7%), facial swelling in 69 patients (98.6%), paresthesia in 41 patients (58.6%), and epistaxis in 50 patients (71.4%). Furthermore, in terms of the late signs and symptoms, a palpable mass in buccal sulcus was observed in 65 (92.9%) of the patients, lymphadenopathy in 24 (34.3%), paresthesia in 38 (54.3%), and diplopia in 22 (31.4%). Furthermore, general sign and symptoms like exophthalmos was present in 35 patients (50%), anosmia was observed in 37 patients ...
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis involves fusion of the mandibular condyle to the base of ... more Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis involves fusion of the mandibular condyle to the base of the skull. The treatment of TMJ ankylosis poses a significant challenge because of technical difficulties and a high incidence of recurrence. The experience of managing one such case is reported in light of a review of the literature on this condition. This report describes a case of a 7-year-old girl with inability to open her mouth, diagnosed with unilateral right bony TMJ ankylosis. Key management principles included adequate removal of the ankylotic mass, gap arthroplasty with interpositional temporalis myofascial grafting and post-operative physiotherapy. The patient maintains a satisfactory maximal incisal opening till the present day. A detailed history, clinical and functional examination, radiographic examination facilitating correct diagnosis followed by immediate surgical intervention, and physiotherapy might be beneficial to restore physical, psychological and emotional healt...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Background: Caries risk assessment is a useful tool in caries prevention and management. Using a ... more Background: Caries risk assessment is a useful tool in caries prevention and management. Using a tool such as CAMBRA, every individual can be assessed according to his or her disease indicators, risk factors, and protective factors for the current and future caries. Aim: This study aimed to assess caries risk among the general population of Sakaka, Saudi Arabia using the CAMBRA protocol. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at university dental clinics using a questionnaire that was formulated using the CAMBRA caries risk assessment tool; afterwards, all 160 participants were intra-orally examined to assess oral hygiene status and presence of disease. Independent t-tests, ANOVAs, and chi-square tests were performed for analysis. Results: The majority of participants had one or more disease indicators, with white spots and visible cavities (71.3%), and the most commonly present risk factor was visible heavy plaque on teeth (82.5%). The use of fluoridated toothpaste (92.5...
Background: Basal metabolic index (BMI) is a unique anthropometric indicator used to define the r... more Background: Basal metabolic index (BMI) is a unique anthropometric indicator used to define the relative amount of body fat on an individual’s frame. There are many diseases and conditions associated with obesity and underweight. Recent research trials suggest that there is a significant association between oral health indicators and BMI as both are attributed to common risk factors such as dietary, genetic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle issues. Objectives: The main objective of this review paper is to emphasize the association between BMI and oral health with available literature evidence. Methodology: A literature search was conducted using multiple databases comprising of MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, and Web of Science. The terms used for the search were “body mass index”, “periodontitis”, “dental caries”, and “tooth loss”. Results: In total, 2839 articles were obtained from the analysis of the databases. Unrelated articles from the available full text of 1135 articles were exclu...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Background: Plagiarism (Plg) is an unacceptable practice since it affects the integrity of scient... more Background: Plagiarism (Plg) is an unacceptable practice since it affects the integrity of scientific literature. Aim and objectives: To seek students’ knowledge and attitude regarding Plg and solicit suggestions to prevent Plg in our institute. The specific objectives of the study were to ascertain whether students’ knowledge and attitudes about Plg differ by their demographic characteristics and academic years. Methodology: A 32 item questionnaire was given to all the undergraduate (UG) students of the College of Medicine and Dentistry, Jouf University, KSA. The research questions focused on demographic information, knowledge and attitude regarding Plg, and suggestions to curb Plg. Results: A total of 134 UG students filled out the survey. The samples consisted of 97 males and 37 females. Most of the students displayed adequate knowledge regarding Plg in terms of copying words or ideas, quoting references, and copying words without changing the matter. As compared to female studen...
Background. The zygomatic complex is the second most common fracture of the facial bones after th... more Background. The zygomatic complex is the second most common fracture of the facial bones after the nasal bone. The prominent convex shape of the zygoma makes it vulnerable to traumatic injury. Diplopia is one of the serious complications of zygomatic complex fracture and is a common subjective complaint. Objective. To determine the frequency of diplopia in zygomatic complex fractures. Methodology. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Ward, Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. The duration of the study was 1 year (March 1, 2021 to February 28, 2022). A total of 126 patients having zygomatic complex fractures were included in this study. After recording the patient’s complete history, like demographic details and cause for fracture, diplopia was examined clinically. If, during the examination, the patient complained of double vision, this was labeled as diplopia positive (Yes) and negative (No) if the patient did not have any such compl...
Background: Cigarette smoking has been identified as most perilous risk factor for several health... more Background: Cigarette smoking has been identified as most perilous risk factor for several health ailments. Increased price may discourage smoking habits. There is limited literature available on impact of price rise on smoking behaviors in Saudi Arabia, which is the fourth largest importer of cigarettes and this study assessed the impact of tax increase (in 2020) on smoking behaviors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out between July 2021 and December 2021.i.e.one year after new value added tax (VAT) system came into force. Data was collected with 14-item pretested questionnaire from 721 adult smokers in Al-Jouf Region of Saudi Arabia selected through stratified cluster ransom sampling. We measured effects of tax increase on smoking behaviors, its impact on decision to quit and perceived health improvements as outcome variables. Results: Nearly 40% of the respondents said that increased price lead them to smoke less number of cigarettes per day (P=0.000), decreased smo...
Background: Prosthodontic replacement of missing teeth is necessary to maintain function, aesthet... more Background: Prosthodontic replacement of missing teeth is necessary to maintain function, aesthetics and prevent further oral complications. Objective: To assess whether health education 'video' increased prosthodontics treatment demand for replacing missing teeth compared to traditional health education (IEC) 'leaflet' among patients visiting a university dental care centre, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A non-randomized educational intervention was conducted among the patients who had missing teeth. 350 participants were divided equally into two interventions groups- health education leaflet group and health education video group. Two major variants were ascertained; demand for prosthodontic dental care and awareness (knowledge) about importance of replacement of missing teeth. These two variants were studied for the difference in the scores between base line and at the end of the program i.e. after 3 months. Bivariate analysis was done with Chi square test, Mc Nemar Chi-square test and Wilcoxon matched-pairs tests and finally binary logistic regression analysis was done. Results: Final analysis included 324 participants. There was improvement in both knowledge and demand for prosthodontic care in both the groups after health education, but statistically significant improvement in demand for dental care was observed in the health education video group compared to leaflet group (42.9% vs 63.2%). Logistic regression analysis identified that having missing teeth in anterior region of jaw and being into video group were two significant factors associated with increased demand for care. Conclusion: Health education video method was found to be effective method compared to leaflets in improving knowledge and demand for replacing missing teeth.
Work-a Journal of Prevention Assessment & Rehabilitation, Jul 18, 2023
BACKGROUND: Local anaesthesia is the anaesthetic technique most frequently used in dentistry. Adv... more BACKGROUND: Local anaesthesia is the anaesthetic technique most frequently used in dentistry. Advanced anaesthetic treatments like conscious sedation and/or general anaesthesia are required for major dental surgical procedures. Although general dentists are capable of administering local anaesthesia, additional training is needed for advanced anaesthetic procedures. It is generally disputed whether advanced anaesthetic techniques should be related to one or two dental specialties or whether they should receive a separate degree. OBJECTIVE: This paper aims at introducing the field of ‘dental anaesthesiology’ in routine dental practice as applicable within laws laid down for dental and medical specialities. METHODS: Publications, articles and mouthpieces relevant to the topic of dental anaesthesiology were identified using various search engines like MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, and Web of Science. The terms used for the search were ‘Dental anaesthesiology’, ‘General anaesthesia’, and ‘Dental care’. Articles about dental treatment done under anaesthesia were only considered describing various anaesthesia techniques. Additionally, the authors being regular caregivers of dentistry including oral and maxillofacial surgeon have shared their personal experiences and information on the said theme. RESULTS: In total, 127 articles were found of which 33 articles were available as full texts. Unrelated articles from the available full text were excluded. Finally, 17 studies were incorporated into the review. Majority of dental anaesthesiologist has a positive and favourable attitude towards the profession. Pediatric dentistry, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and special needs dentistry are the fields with the highest service demand. Also, the field is lucrative if the practitioner is refined and provides sophisticated services. It is easier and time saving to train the dentists, especially the ones with oral and maxillofacial surgery background. CONCLUSION: A degree of dental anaesthesiologist will open new doors to the budding dentist seeking for jobs or wanting to provide the best outcome.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Brazilian Research in Pediatric Dentistry and Integrated Clinic, 2022
Objective: To evaluate root canal configuration and morphology of premolar teeth among Saudi subp... more Objective: To evaluate root canal configuration and morphology of premolar teeth among Saudi subpopulations using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, CBCT images of 314 patients comprising 346 maxillary and 412 mandibular first premolar (FPM) teeth, 298 maxillary and 387 mandibular second premolar (SPM) teeth were analyzed to evaluate the number of roots, root canal morphology, and configuration based on the Vertucci's classification. The average intra-class correlation coefficient value was 0.931. Results: In the maxillary first premolar, 52.6% were two separate rooted and single rooted teeth, with one canal in 81.2% of the maxillary second premolar. Among the mandibular FPM, 96.6% of the teeth had one root and canal, and 97.9% of mandibular SPM had one root and canal. Type 1 canal configuration was seen as most common in all premolars. The number of roots in mandibular premolars did not reveal the difference among gender. Conclusion: Wide variations in root canal morphology and canal configuration system exists among maxillary and mandibular premolar teeth.
A strong and healthy microbiome is responsible for homeostasis between the host and microbiota wh... more A strong and healthy microbiome is responsible for homeostasis between the host and microbiota which is necessary to achieve the normal functioning of the body. Dysbiosis provokes prevalence of pathogenic microbes, leading to alterations in gene expression profiles and metabolic processes. This in turn results in anomalous immune responses of the host. Dysbiosis may be associated with a wide variety of diseases like irritable bowel syndrome, coeliac disease, allergic conditions, bronchitis, asthma, heart diseases and oncogenesis. Presently, the links between oral microbial consortia and their functions, not only in the preservation of homeostasis but also pathogenesis of several malignancies have gained much awareness from the scientific community. The primary intent of this review is to highlight the dynamic role of oral microbiome in oncogenesis and its progression through various mechanisms. A literature search was conducted using multiple databases comprising of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane electronic databases with keywords including microbiome, microbiota, carcinogenesis, tumorigenesis, and immunosuppression. Current and the past literature has pointed out the role of microorganisms in oncogenesis. It may be put forth that both the commensal and pathogenic strains of oral microbiome play an undeniably conspicuous role in carcinogenesis at different body sites.
The use of computer and information technology is on an escalation. The prime purpose of the pres... more The use of computer and information technology is on an escalation. The prime purpose of the present study was to know the extent of the internet use in dentistry. There is little contemporary literature outlining the knowledge, views and attitudes of dental students regarding the use of the internet in dentistry especially in our country-India. Hence, it was decided to conduct a pilot questionnaire study regarding the internet and its use in dentistry among dental undergraduate (UG) and postgraduate (PG) students. A prospective, cross-sectional, self-designed questionnaire with questions on various aspects of usage of the internet by the dental students was circulated among the UG and PG students at two dental institutes of Belgaum, Karnataka, India at KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences and Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre. Completed questionnaires were received from 284 out of total 335 UG students and 112 out of total 196 PG students with a response rate of 84.8% and 57.14% respectively. 82.04% of UG and 87.5% of PG students had personal laptops with access to the internet, indicating easy accessibility to technology. E-mail/surfing was the most common purpose of the internet use among all the students. 77.8% of UG and 85.7% of PG students agreed that the internet use represent a threat to dentist-patient relationship. The results of this questionnaire survey can be basically taken as an eye opener which discusses various reasons for use of the internet by UG and PG students. Our study attempts to highlight that this technology is regularly used for entertainment than for academic purposes. Hence each graduating dentist should not only have a thorough knowledge of the internet, but should also be trained for literature search and this can only be accomplished by proper and compulsory training of these students for various applications of the internet in dentistry as practicing evidence-based health care might come in huge way tomorrow.
Background: The physiologic dentogingival unit (DGU), also known as the biologic width, is consid... more Background: The physiologic dentogingival unit (DGU), also known as the biologic width, is considered to be essential for longevity of the teeth as well as of restorations. Although the clinical relevance of determining the dimensions of DGU is obvious, there is no description in the literature of any simple, standardized, and noninvasive technique for the measurement of DGU in humans. Aim: This study was undertaken to evaluate an innovative radiographic exploration technique (parallel profile radiography [PPRx]) for measuring the dimensions of the DGU on the labial surfaces of maxillary anterior teeth and to provide additional information on the dimensions of the DGU in humans. Methodology: In this study, two radiographs were made in fifty periodontally healthy volunteers, one in frontal projection, while the second radiograph was a PPRx obtained from a lateral position. The dimensions of the DGU were measured radiographically over these images. All data analyses were performed using SPSS 14.0. Results: PPRx was a highly reproducible exploratory technique. Mean dentogingival measurements on the labial surface of right maxillary central incisor were 1.76 ± 0.87 mm for cementoenamel junction (CEJ)-bone crest distance, 1.39 ± 0.50 for gingival sulcus depth, 1.56 ± 0.28 mm for thickness of connective tissue attachment at CEJ, 1.09 ± 0.28 mm for thickness of free gingiva at its base, 1.95 ± 0.43 mm for biologic width, 0.47 ± 0.22 mm for thickness of bone plate at crest level, and 1.76 ± 0.67 mm for gingival overlap on enamel surface. A statistically significant relationship was observed between gingival width and gingival sulcus depth (P = 0.06). These results suggest that the dimensions of DGU are highly variable in humans. Conclusions: We conclude that the dimensions of the DGU in humans can be measured with the PPRx technique, and this technique offers a simple, concise, noninvasive, inexpensive, and reproducible method that can be used in the clinical setup to measure both the length and thickness of the DGU with accuracy. Clinical Relevance to Interdisciplinary Dentistry The dimensions and relationships of the structures of the DGU are essential aspects in many fields of dentistry, and our study strengthen the view that parallel profile radiography can be used as a noninvasive and reliable procedure for measuring the dimensions of the DGU.
A strong and healthy microbiome is responsible for homeostasis between the host and microbiota wh... more A strong and healthy microbiome is responsible for homeostasis between the host and microbiota which is necessary to achieve the normal functioning of the body. Dysbiosis provokes prevalence of pathogenic microbes, leading to alterations in gene expression profiles and metabolic processes. This in turn results in anomalous immune responses of the host. Dysbiosis may be associated with a wide variety of diseases like irritable bowel syndrome, coeliac disease, allergic conditions, bronchitis, asthma, heart diseases and oncogenesis. Presently, the links between oral microbial consortia and their functions, not only in the preservation of homeostasis but also pathogenesis of several malignancies have gained much awareness from the scientific community. The primary intent of this review is to highlight the dynamic role of oral microbiome in oncogenesis and its progression through various mechanisms. A literature search was conducted using multiple databases comprising of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane electronic databases with keywords including microbiome, microbiota, carcinogenesis, tumorigenesis, and immunosuppression. Current and the past literature has pointed out the role of microorganisms in oncogenesis. It may be put forth that both the commensal and pathogenic strains of oral microbiome play an undeniably conspicuous role in carcinogenesis at different body sites.
Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada
Objective: To assess the role of radiological predictive markers on orthopantomogram for inferior... more Objective: To assess the role of radiological predictive markers on orthopantomogram for inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury related to the removal of mandibular third molar surgery and the occurrence of postoperative IAN paresthesia. Material and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 60 patients (aged 17-35 years) indicated for extraction and showed one or more of the seven previously known panoramic radiographic risk signs of IAN injury. Variables such as age, sex, tooth angulation, and relationship with the inferior alveolar canal (IAC) were assessed to see their outcome on IAN injury. Data analysis is presented through tables and descriptive methods. Results: Among patients, 26 were male and 34 were female, with a mean age of 26.17 years. Out of seven radiological predictive markers, only six were found in this study, whereas one marker, viz. interruption of white line of the canal was not found. After surgical removal of the lower third molar, only two patients with radiographic signs showing the deflection of roots and darkening of roots continued with sensory deficit 5 weeks post-operatively. Conclusion: The risk of inferior alveolar nerve injury during lower third molar surgery is very low, even in patients with radiological predictive markers.
Background: Size and shape of the sella turcica is considered vital for many radiographic analyse... more Background: Size and shape of the sella turcica is considered vital for many radiographic analyses. Objectives: To assess and compare the linear dimensions and shape of sella turcica on digital lateral cephalograms in Saudi subpopulation with different skeletal patterns, age groups and genders. Methodology: A total of 300 digital lateral cephalograms were retrieved from the hospital archive. The selected cephalograms were grouped based on the age, gender, and skeletal types. The linear dimensions and shape of sella turcica were measured on each radiograph. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test and a one-way ANOVA. To test the interrelationship of age, gender, and skeletal type with the dimensions of sella turcica, regression analyses were used. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.01. Results: Significant differences in linear dimensions between the age groups (P < 0.001) and genders (P < 0.001) were noted. On comparing sella size with different skeletal types, a significant difference was found for all sella dimensions (P < 0.001). The mean length, depth and diameter among skeletal class III were significantly higher than that among classes I and II. On comparing age, gender, and skeletal type with size of sella, age and skeletal type were significantly related to the change of length, depth and diameter (P < 0.001), whereas gender was found to be significantly related only to a change in length of the sella (P < 0.01). For the sella shape, normal morphology was noted in 44.3% of patients. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the measurements of sella can be used as reference standards for future studies in Saudi subpopulation.
The condylar guidance value (CGV) measurement constitutes an important part of a holistic prostho... more The condylar guidance value (CGV) measurement constitutes an important part of a holistic prosthodontic treatment plan, with horizontal CGVs (HCGVs) and lateral CGVs (LCGVs) being two of the most prominently recognized. This systematic review aimed at evaluating the efficacy of two different types of CGV measurement protocols—articulators (both arcon and non-arcon) and panoramic radiographs. Additionally, it attempts to determine which of the mentioned methods performs better across several parameters. Several important web databases were searched using search terms derived from medical subject headings (MeSH), using keywords linked to “Arcon articulator”, “Condylar guidance angle”, “non-arcon articulator”, “Panoramic x-ray” and “Radiographic examination”, which constituted the first step in the study selection strategy. After completion, the search strategy which initially turned up to 831 papers, eventually ended up with 13 studies. The review and subsequent meta-analysis revealed...
Background: The appropriate alignment of the lower teeth is indicated by the Curve of Spee (COS),... more Background: The appropriate alignment of the lower teeth is indicated by the Curve of Spee (COS), which can be observed in the sagittal profile view of human skulls. Graf Von Spee made the initial observation on this occlusal curvature. Through this systematic review and meta-analysis, we evaluated studies that looked at how COS affected masticatory activities. Methods: The databases PubMed-MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus were all searched. A total of 12 documents were ultimately picked because they met the necessary inclusion and exclusion requirements. The data was then loaded into the RevMan 5 programme for meta-analysis after being chosen for information on the sample size, variables analyzed, and various aspects of the research. Results: The Curve of Spee was found to have a noticeable impact on both the masticatory efficiency as well as dentofacial alignment in the 12 studies that we selected for the review and meta-analysis. In addition, other occlusal curvature...
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
Background: Alveolar osteitis is a painful condition that occurs after tooth extraction. This con... more Background: Alveolar osteitis is a painful condition that occurs after tooth extraction. This condition has been treated with various chemical and herbal formulations that are found to be efficacious with different success rates. Objectives: The present study is aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of organic olive oil and Nano-Bio Fusion (NBF) gel in the management of alveolar osteitis. Materials and Methods: 90 patients who were diagnosed with alveolar osteitis following non-surgical dental extractions were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The extraction socket was irrigated with warm normal saline followed by insertion of sterile gauze soaked in organic olive oil in Group I patients (n=45) and with NBF gel in Group II patients (n=45). The patients were recalled for the change in dressings on day 3, day 5 and day 7. The subjects were evaluated for the following parameters on 7 th day; pain, gingival erythema, granulation tissue and the extraction socket margin. Data were analyzed using Friedman test and Mann-Whitney U test. P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean VAS score on day 1 for group I was 8.9 and group II was 8.6. The mean VAS score for both the groups was zero on day 7 though the participants of group II reported better pain relief from day 3 to day 7 when compared with group I patients. Subjects treated with olive oil showed a mildly inflamed gingival to a normal pink variant on day 7. However, all the subjects treated with NBF gel presented with healthy pink gingival on day 7. There was significant improvement in the healing of the margin in both cases. Conclusion: Compared to the olive oil, NBF gel helps in enhanced healing in cases of alveolar osteitis.
This observational study was conducted to evaluate the clinical signs and symptoms of maxillary s... more This observational study was conducted to evaluate the clinical signs and symptoms of maxillary sinus tumors and to propose a clinical examination sieve and a unique risk alarm score to be used for timely patient referral and vigilance. The study consisted of 70 patients between 20 to 82 years of age from both sexes. The clinical information gained was collected from the upper dentoalveolar segment, orbit, and nasal sites. Regarding the early clinical sign and symptoms of patients, nasal obstruction was found in 67 patients (95.7%), facial swelling in 69 patients (98.6%), paresthesia in 41 patients (58.6%), and epistaxis in 50 patients (71.4%). Furthermore, in terms of the late signs and symptoms, a palpable mass in buccal sulcus was observed in 65 (92.9%) of the patients, lymphadenopathy in 24 (34.3%), paresthesia in 38 (54.3%), and diplopia in 22 (31.4%). Furthermore, general sign and symptoms like exophthalmos was present in 35 patients (50%), anosmia was observed in 37 patients ...
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis involves fusion of the mandibular condyle to the base of ... more Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis involves fusion of the mandibular condyle to the base of the skull. The treatment of TMJ ankylosis poses a significant challenge because of technical difficulties and a high incidence of recurrence. The experience of managing one such case is reported in light of a review of the literature on this condition. This report describes a case of a 7-year-old girl with inability to open her mouth, diagnosed with unilateral right bony TMJ ankylosis. Key management principles included adequate removal of the ankylotic mass, gap arthroplasty with interpositional temporalis myofascial grafting and post-operative physiotherapy. The patient maintains a satisfactory maximal incisal opening till the present day. A detailed history, clinical and functional examination, radiographic examination facilitating correct diagnosis followed by immediate surgical intervention, and physiotherapy might be beneficial to restore physical, psychological and emotional healt...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Background: Caries risk assessment is a useful tool in caries prevention and management. Using a ... more Background: Caries risk assessment is a useful tool in caries prevention and management. Using a tool such as CAMBRA, every individual can be assessed according to his or her disease indicators, risk factors, and protective factors for the current and future caries. Aim: This study aimed to assess caries risk among the general population of Sakaka, Saudi Arabia using the CAMBRA protocol. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at university dental clinics using a questionnaire that was formulated using the CAMBRA caries risk assessment tool; afterwards, all 160 participants were intra-orally examined to assess oral hygiene status and presence of disease. Independent t-tests, ANOVAs, and chi-square tests were performed for analysis. Results: The majority of participants had one or more disease indicators, with white spots and visible cavities (71.3%), and the most commonly present risk factor was visible heavy plaque on teeth (82.5%). The use of fluoridated toothpaste (92.5...
Background: Basal metabolic index (BMI) is a unique anthropometric indicator used to define the r... more Background: Basal metabolic index (BMI) is a unique anthropometric indicator used to define the relative amount of body fat on an individual’s frame. There are many diseases and conditions associated with obesity and underweight. Recent research trials suggest that there is a significant association between oral health indicators and BMI as both are attributed to common risk factors such as dietary, genetic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle issues. Objectives: The main objective of this review paper is to emphasize the association between BMI and oral health with available literature evidence. Methodology: A literature search was conducted using multiple databases comprising of MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, and Web of Science. The terms used for the search were “body mass index”, “periodontitis”, “dental caries”, and “tooth loss”. Results: In total, 2839 articles were obtained from the analysis of the databases. Unrelated articles from the available full text of 1135 articles were exclu...
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Papers by Rakhi Issrani