In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), the major problem in multiple sinks is efficient data collect... more In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), the major problem in multiple sinks is efficient data collection and scheduling, which can be overcome by aggregated tree construction and TDMA based scheduling technique. Earlier the techniques used for aggregated tree construction process takes more iteration to complete entire process, which maximizes the scheduling delay. Therefore there is need of an efficient aggregated tree construction which reduces the wastage of iteration time. In this paper, we propose Energy efficient Multi-swarm fruit fly Optimization (EMO) algorithm for scheduling. In our EMO, the Multi-swarm fruit fly Optimization technique is applied in pocket driven trajectories (PDT) to minimize the delay and save energy. Then Breadth First Search (BFS) algorithm is used for time slot scheduling process. The proposed EMO algorithm reduces the iteration time to maximize the aggregated tree construction speed. The simulations show that the proposed EMO algorithm significantly reduces the data collection delay and energy consumption.
Wireless sensor network (WSN) turns out to be a vital innovation identified with systems as well ... more Wireless sensor network (WSN) turns out to be a vital innovation identified with systems as well as it is by and large broadly connected and received in the present day control and checking functions. In any case, problems with respect to vitality proficiency create huge worries during the time spent in remote sensor system. For problems concerning vitality, power efficient adaptive clustering hierarchy (PEACH) tradition has been suggested essentially for WSNs so as to criticize vitality use of hubs and expanding life range of the system. The hubs in the remote sensor system structure as a gathering. The most noteworthy vitality hub in the gathering has been chosen as a bunch head. The bunch head determination has a few criteria in choosing: (1) based on the vitality levels of sensors in group (i.e., the hub with higher vitality would be chosen as a bunch head). (2) based on hub degree (total number of hubs associated with it) (i.e., the hub with advanced hub degree would be chosen as a bunch head). The time differential of arrival (TDA) has been proposed for vitality consumption of sensor hubs in the system. TDA decreases the vitality utilization of hubs and expanding the system life duration. The node con-nectivity algorithm (NCA) has been proposed to discover the availability with neighbor's hub in the remote sensor system. The bunch head confirms the gathering hubs and transfers the confirmation data to server. On the off chance that any noxious hub available in the system, the server would recognize through self-mending key appropriation procedure and the bunch head would shut the hub and toss out the hub from the bunch. The noxious hub assets would be stored into the server. It will make the system more ensured and safe one. To broadcast the parcels from resource to goal, figure the most limited way with the assistance of 275 Dijkstra algorithm. The bundle encodes at source and unscrambled once it gets to the goal by means of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption calculation.
MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Network) is the active wireless network which can produce communication less... more MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Network) is the active wireless network which can produce communication less connections in which every node can perform as a router. Every node in the MANET is responsible for dynamically creating other nodes for communication. Protection is an important examine for the wireless and wired network communications in MANET. The achievement of MANET (mobile ad hoc networks) strappingly depends upon people's assurance in its sanctuary. Though, uniqueness of MANET poses both opportunity and challenges in the accomplishment of security purpose, like authentication, privacy, access, availability , integrity, non-repudiation, and control. The malicious node presence is being a major challenge in MANET for designing the vigorous security solution which can defend the MANET from different routing attacks. We have categorized the existing security services and security threats in this mobile ad hoc network paper. The proposed approach gives a better solution in the achievement of present security threats in MANET. Based on monitoring system a guard node is recommended in this paper through which every activity occurred inside the network can be constantly monitored. If there is any abnormal action of Stealthy attack occurred inside the network then the Guard node collects and forwards the abnormal information toward the source node. In this guard node an algorithm based on Ant Colony optimization is deployed to recognize the threats which are present in the A. Ranjan (&) Á T. Marwala 591 MANET's network. This proposed system detects the stealthy attack and also resists the attackers from the network. Therefore, this approach makes the enhancement in the network packet delivery and its performance ratio, etc. Keywords Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) Á Stealthy attacks Guard node Á Ant colony-based optimization
Suffix trees have emerged to be very fast for pattern searching yielding O (m) time, where m is t... more Suffix trees have emerged to be very fast for pattern searching yielding O (m) time, where m is the pattern size. Unfortunately their high memory requirements make it impractical to work with huge amounts of data. We present a memory efficient algorithm of a generalized suffix tree which reduces the space size by a factor of 10 when the size of the pattern is known beforehand. Experiments on the chromosomes and Pizza&Chili corpus show significant advantages of our algorithm over standard linear time suffix tree construction in terms of memory usage for pattern searching.
Suffix trees have recently become very successful data structures in handling large data sequence... more Suffix trees have recently become very successful data structures in handling large data sequences such as DNA or Protein sequences. Consequently parallel architectures have become ubiquitous. We present a novel alphabet-dependent parallel algorithm which attempts to take advantage of the perverseness of the multicore architecture. Microsatellites are important for their biological relevance hence our algorithm is based on time efficient construction for identification of such. We experimentally achieved up to 15x speedup over the sequential algorithm on different input sizes of biological sequences.
MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Network) is the active wireless network which can produce communication less... more MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Network) is the active wireless network which can produce communication less connections in which every node can perform as a router. Every node in the MANET is responsible for dynamically creating other nodes for communication. Protection is an important examine for the wireless and wired network communications in MANET. The achievement of MANET (mobile ad hoc networks) strappingly depends upon people's assurance in its sanctuary. Though, uniqueness of MANET poses both opportunity and challenges in the accomplishment of security purpose, like authentication, privacy, access, availability , integrity, non-repudiation, and control. The malicious node presence is being a major challenge in MANET for designing the vigorous security solution which can defend the MANET from different routing attacks. We have categorized the existing security services and security threats in this mobile ad hoc network paper. The proposed approach gives a better solution in the achievement of present security threats in MANET. Based on monitoring system a guard node is recommended in this paper through which every activity occurred inside the network can be constantly monitored. If there is any abnormal action of Stealthy attack occurred inside the network then the Guard node collects and forwards the abnormal information toward the source node. In this guard node an algorithm based on Ant Colony optimization is deployed to recognize the threats which are present in the A. Ranjan (&) Á T. Marwala 591 MANET's network. This proposed system detects the stealthy attack and also resists the attackers from the network. Therefore, this approach makes the enhancement in the network packet delivery and its performance ratio, etc. Keywords Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) Á Stealthy attacks Guard node Á Ant colony-based optimization
In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), the major problem in multiple sinks is efficient data collect... more In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), the major problem in multiple sinks is efficient data collection and scheduling, which can be overcome by aggregated tree construction and TDMA based scheduling technique. Earlier the techniques used for aggregated tree construction process takes more iteration to complete entire process, which maximizes the scheduling delay. Therefore there is need of an efficient aggregated tree construction which reduces the wastage of iteration time. In this paper, we propose Energy efficient Multi-swarm fruit fly Optimization (EMO) algorithm for scheduling. In our EMO, the Multi-swarm fruit fly Optimization technique is applied in pocket driven trajectories (PDT) to minimize the delay and save energy. Then Breadth First Search (BFS) algorithm is used for time slot scheduling process. The proposed EMO algorithm reduces the iteration time to maximize the aggregated tree construction speed. The simulations show that the proposed EMO algorithm significantly reduces the data collection delay and energy consumption.
Frequent itemset mining and association rule generation is a challenging task in data stream. Eve... more Frequent itemset mining and association rule generation is a challenging task in data stream. Even though, various algorithms have been proposed to solve the issue, it has been found out that only frequency does not decides the significance interestingness of the mined itemset and hence the association rules. This accelerates the algorithms to mine the association rules based on utility i.e. proficiency of the mined rules. However, fewer algorithms exist in the literature to deal with the utility as most of them deals with reducing the complexity in frequent itemset/association rules mining algorithm. Also, those few algorithms consider only the overall utility of the association rules and not the consistency of the rules throughout a defined number of periods. To solve this issue, in this paper, an enhanced association rule mining algorithm is proposed. The algorithm introduces new weightage validation in the conventional association rule mining algorithms to validate the utility and its consistency in the mined association rules. The utility is validated by the integrated calculation of the cost/price efficiency of the itemsets and its frequency. The consistency validation is performed at every defined number of windows using the probability distribution function, assuming that the weights are normally distributed. Hence, validated and the obtained rules are frequent and utility efficient and their interestingness are distributed throughout the entire time period. The algorithm is implemented and the resultant rules are compared against the rules that can be obtained from conventional mining algorithms.
In privacy preserving data mining, utility mining plays an important role. In privacy preserving ... more In privacy preserving data mining, utility mining plays an important role. In privacy preserving utility mining, some sensitive itemsets are concealed from the database according to certain privacy policies. Hiding sensitive itemsets from the adversaries is becoming an important issue nowadays. Also, only very few methods are available in the literature to hide the sensitive itemsets in the database. One of the existing privacy preserving utility mining methods utilizes two algorithms, HHUIF and MSICF to conceal the sensitive itemsets, so that the adversaries cannot mine them from the modified database. To accomplish the hiding process, this method finds the sensitive itemsets and modifies the frequency of the high valued utility items. However, the performance of this method lacks if the utility value of the items are the same. The items with the same utility value decrease the hiding performance of the sensitive itemsets and also it has introduced computational complexity due to the frequency modification in each item. To solve this problem, in this paper a modified HHUIF algorithm with Item Selector (MHIS) is proposed. The proposed MHIS algorithm is a modified version of existing HHUIF algorithm. The MHIS algorithm computes the sensitive itemsets by utilizing the user defined utility threshold value. In order to hide the sensitive itemsets, the frequency value of the items is changed. If the utility values of the items are the same, the MHIS algorithm selects the accurate items and then the frequency values of the selected items are modified. The proposed MHIS reduces the computation complexity as well as improves the hiding performance of the itemsets. The algorithm is implemented and the resultant itemsets are compared against the itemsets that are obtained from the conventional privacy preserving utility mining algorithms.
The main objective of the network security is to prevent DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) att... more The main objective of the network security is to prevent DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks in inter-connected systems. Generally, DDoS attacks are attempted by hackers and explicitly block an authorized user from accessing their account and deny them the services they are entitled to. Hackers seek recourse to hacking using malware (i.e., Botnets) for increased access to and control of a large number of computers. Once the malicious system commences its nefarious activities, the attacks are carried out using a well-coordinated operation. After that, an expensive attack is done on more than one targeted machine. The main goal of intrusion detection system and research community working to prevent such attacks is designing a perfect security technique against the discovered and undiscovered DDoS attacks. However, the design of such a technique needs an awareness of the security problem and also the designed technique's method Selvaraj et al.; BJAST, 5(5): 500-509, 2015; Article no.BJAST.2015.048 501 used to detect, prevent and respond to different types of DDoS attacks. In this paper, a new Integrated Intrusion Detection System is proposed, namely, the Outlier Detection Approach based Intrusion Detection System-Honey Pot System (ODAIDS-HPS) to detect, prevent, and respond to various kinds of DDoS attacks. The proposed work is done in three phases, such as DDoS Detection, Prevention and responding to DDoS attackers. The first two phases are resolved by Intrusion Detection System from utilizing the Outlier Detection Approach to detect the malicious information received from unauthorized users. In the third phase, a new honeypot system is proposed to respond to unauthorized users with false information. The proposed system that is deployed on a trial basis is shown to prevent DDoS attacks far more effectively than any other tools or intrusion detection system.
Nowadays, distributed denial of service (DDoS) becomes a major challenge in the network as it aff... more Nowadays, distributed denial of service (DDoS) becomes a major challenge in the network as it affects the network at multi-level. This leads to traffic overhead and wastage of bandwidth utilisation. In order to overcome these issues, ant-based DDoS detection technique using roaming virtual honeypots is proposed. In this technique, virtual roaming honeypot along with the multi-level secure architecture is used to collect the information about the various intruders at different levels in the network. Ant colony optimisation technique is used to detect the intruders based on the pheromone deposit on that considered area. A multi-level IP log table is used to detect the intruders at different levels of the network. Once the affected area is found, the information is sent to multi-level architecture to limit the spread of the affected area to the honeypot. This information is sent to the honeypot to make a defence system against the attackers. The advantage of the proposed technique is that it provides a full defence against DDoS at multi-level without creating any traffic overhead.
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is a recent advanced technology of computer networks and electroni... more Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is a recent advanced technology of computer networks and electronics. The WSN increasingly becoming more practicable solution to many challenging applications. The sensor networks depend upon the sensed data, which may depend upon the application. One of the major applications of the sensor networks is in military. So security is the greatest concern to deploy sensor network such hostile unattended environments, monitoring real world applications. But the limitations and inherent constraints of the sensor nodes does not support the existing traditional security mechanisms in WSN. Now the present research is mainly concentrated on providing security mechanism in sensor networks. In this context, we analysis security aspects of the sensor networks like requirements, classifications, and type of attacks etc., in this survey paper.
The main concept of this research is for increasing the network lifetime and decreases the data s... more The main concept of this research is for increasing the network lifetime and decreases the data size over wireless sensor network. To perform this idea we proposed some novel technique which provides the reliable energy efficient routes and maximizing the network lifetime for finding the route that minimize the total energy for packet traversal. We also use the data compression model that reduce the size of data and joint balancing of nodes and optimize the dynamic compression for improving the lifetime of network. The data compression could be completed within some step, those are raw data could get broken in few branches and get compressed at distinct level of the compression, these compressed data could be decompressed at a certain level and again compressed with distinct level to forward directly or by using some base station. For transmitting the data to base station from the source node, every node has to be clustered and have to choose one cluster head in the group of every cluster, the CH (Cluster Head) is having the more energy in compared to the all other nodes. The CH (Cluster Head) is obtaining the entire message from the other neighbor's nodes and transmits it to the Base station. From source to destination data transmission, the nodes are searching shortest path that provide a high computation of complexity.
Nowadays, Network Security is growing rapidly because no user specifically wants his/her computer... more Nowadays, Network Security is growing rapidly because no user specifically wants his/her computer system to be intruded by a malicious user or an attacker. The growing usage of cloud computing provides a different type of services , which leads users to face security issues. There are different types of security issues such as hacking intrusions worms and viruses, DoS etc. Since the entire needed resources are associated with everyone and are centrally monitored by main controller in cloud computing area it creates a simplest way for intruders. In addition, an experienced or knowledgeable attacker can get to make out the sys-tem's weakness and can hack the sensible information or any resource and so, it is essential to provide protection against attack or intrusion. Additionally, to handle poor performance or low latency for the clients, filtering malicious accesses becomes the main concern of an administrator. Some of the traditional Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems fail to overcome the abovementioned problems. As a result, this research proposes a novel approach named Enhanced Intrusion Detection Prevention System to prevent, protect and respond the various network intrusions in the internet. Our proposed system use client-server architecture, which contains main server and several clients. Clients record the doubtful actions taking place in the Internet and record the suspicious information. Then, this recorded information is forwarded to the main server for further usage. After that, the main server analyses the received data and then make decision whether to provide a security alert or not; then the received information is displayed via an interface. In addition, server verifies the data packets using IDPS and classifies the attacks using Support Vector Machine. Finally, as per the attack type Honeypot system sends irrelevant data to the attacker. The experimentally deployed proposed system results are shown in our framework which validates the authorized users and prevents the intrusions effectively rather than other frameworks or tools.
Numerous schemes for data aggregation are done by encryption for privacy of data, and thus, homom... more Numerous schemes for data aggregation are done by encryption for privacy of data, and thus, homomorphism has been reviewed and designed on the wireless sensor network (WSN) to improve security. WSN is an emerging and challenging technology in the area of the research because of its vital scope with low power energy associated with it. Several application sensors collect information or data from different sensed nodes and will be aggregated to a host computer or a base station. Data aggregation happens in a network between intermediate nodes which causes to reduce energy consumption on these nodes to make efficient network performance. The algorithm used in existing aggregation system does not provide sufficient security functionality and is more vulnerable to several attacks. Furthermore, some compromised nodes also inject false data which leads to a falsify data aggregation which is forwarded to base station. The enlargement of WSNs is thrombosed due the limited energy constraints. The main focus of this paper is done mainly on enhancing energy in WSN by working on the enhancement of some routing protocol. This paper also explains on eliminating of data vulnerability , security aggregation, and false data injecting attack by presenting different robust surveys and protocols. In this paper, initial discussions are done on WSN with a detailed overview of sensor, and reviews are made on providing security of wireless sensor network. The proposed novel idea is used in aggregating data during exchanging of messages and to preserve its data privacy and also to overcome problem in network construction (NC) and its security. The NC is done by clustering its topology, and assigning heads to each cluster with huge communication range, also security pattern generation is created for protecting the data information.
Numerous schemes for data aggregation are done by encryption for privacy of data, and thus, homom... more Numerous schemes for data aggregation are done by encryption for privacy of data, and thus, homomorphism has been reviewed and designed on the wireless sensor network (WSN) to improve security. WSN is an emerging and challenging technology in the area of the research because of its vital scope with low power energy associated with it. Several application sensors collect information or data from different sensed nodes and will be aggregated to a host computer or a base station. Data aggregation happens in a network between intermediate nodes which causes to reduce energy consumption on these nodes to make efficient network performance. The algorithm used in existing aggregation system does not provide sufficient security functionality and is more vulnerable to several attacks. Furthermore, some compromised nodes also inject false data which leads to a falsify data aggregation which is forwarded to base station. The enlargement of WSNs is thrombosed due the limited energy constraints. The main focus of this paper is done mainly on enhancing energy in WSN by working on the enhancement of some routing protocol. This paper also explains on eliminating of data vulnerability , security aggregation, and false data injecting attack by presenting different robust surveys and protocols. In this paper, initial discussions are done on WSN with a detailed overview of sensor, and reviews are made on providing security of wireless sensor network. The proposed novel idea is used in aggregating data during exchanging of messages and to preserve its data privacy and also to overcome problem in network construction (NC) and its security. The NC is done by clustering its topology, and assigning heads to each cluster with huge communication range, also security pattern generation is created for protecting the data information.
Numerous schemes for data aggregation are done by encryption for privacy of data, and thus, homom... more Numerous schemes for data aggregation are done by encryption for privacy of data, and thus, homomorphism has been reviewed and designed on the wireless sensor network (WSN) to improve security. WSN is an emerging and challenging technology in the area of the research because of its vital scope with low power energy associated with it. Several application sensors collect information or data from different sensed nodes and will be aggregated to a host computer or a base station. Data aggregation happens in a network between intermediate nodes which causes to reduce energy consumption on these nodes to make efficient network performance. The algorithm used in existing aggregation system does not provide sufficient security functionality and is more vulnerable to several attacks. Furthermore, some compromised nodes also inject false data which leads to a falsify data aggregation which is forwarded to base station. The enlargement of WSNs is thrombosed due the limited energy constraints. The main focus of this paper is done mainly on enhancing energy in WSN by working on the enhancement of some routing protocol. This paper also explains on eliminating of data vulnerability, security aggregation, and false data injecting attack by presenting different robust surveys and protocols. In this paper, initial discussions are done on WSN with a detailed overview of sensor, and reviews are made on providing security of wireless sensor network. The proposed novel idea is used in aggregating data during exchanging of messages and to preserve its data privacy and also to overcome problem in network construction (NC) and its security. The NC is done by 61 [email protected] clustering its topology, and assigning heads to each cluster with huge communication range, also security pattern generation is created for protecting the data information.
Data mining has became a familiar tool for mining stored value from the large scale databases tha... more Data mining has became a familiar tool for mining stored value from the large scale databases that are known as Sequential Database. These databases has large number of itemsets that can arrive frequently and sequentially, it can also predict the users behaviors. The evaluation of user behavior is done by using Sequential pattern mining where the frequent patterns extracted with several limitations. Even the previous sequential pattern techniques used some limitations to extract those frequent patterns but these techniques does not generated the more reliable patterns .Thus, it is very complex to the decision makers for evaluation of user behavior. In this paper, to solve this problem a technique called hybrid pattern is used which has both time based limitation and space limitation and it is used to extract more feasible pattern from sequential database. Initially, the space limitation is applied to break the sequential database using the maximum and minimum threshold values. To this end, the time based limitation is applied to extract more feasible patterns where a bury-time arrival rate is computed to extract the reliable patterns.
Data mining has became a familiar tool for mining stored value from the large scale databases tha... more Data mining has became a familiar tool for mining stored value from the large scale databases that are known as Sequential Database. These databases has large number of itemsets that can arrive frequently and sequentially, it can also predict the users behaviors. The evaluation of user behavior is done by using Sequential pattern mining where the frequent patterns extracted with several limitations. Even the previous sequential pattern techniques used some limitations to extract those frequent patterns but these techniques does not generated the more reliable patterns .Thus, it is very complex to the decision makers for evaluation of user behavior. In this paper, to solve this problem a technique called hybrid pattern is used which has both time based limitation and space limitation and it is used to extract more feasible pattern from sequential database. Initially, the space limitation is applied to break the sequential database using the maximum and minimum threshold values. To this end, the time based limitation is applied to extract more feasible patterns where a bury-time arrival rate is computed to extract the reliable patterns.
The e-learning is a recent development that has emerged in the educational system due to the grow... more The e-learning is a recent development that has emerged in the educational system due to the growth of the information technology. The common challenges involved in The e-learning platform include the collection and annotation of the learning materials, organization of the knowledge in a useful way, the retrieval and discovery of the useful learning materials from the knowledge space in a more significant way, and the delivery of the adaptive and personalized learning materials. In order to handle these challenges, the proposed system is developed using five different steps of knowledge input such as the annotation of the learning materials, creation of knowledge space, indexing of learning materials using the multi-dimensional knowledge and XML structure to generate a knowledge grid and the retrieval of learning materials performed by matching the user query with the indexed database and ontology. The process is carried out in two modules such as the server module and client module. The proposed approach is evaluated using various parameters such as the precision, recall and F-measure. Comprehensive results are achieved by varying the keywords, number of documents and the K-size. The proposed approach has yielded excellent results by obtaining the higher evaluation metric, together with an average precision of 0.81, average recall of 1 and average F-measure of 0.86 for K = 2.
In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), the major problem in multiple sinks is efficient data collect... more In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), the major problem in multiple sinks is efficient data collection and scheduling, which can be overcome by aggregated tree construction and TDMA based scheduling technique. Earlier the techniques used for aggregated tree construction process takes more iteration to complete entire process, which maximizes the scheduling delay. Therefore there is need of an efficient aggregated tree construction which reduces the wastage of iteration time. In this paper, we propose Energy efficient Multi-swarm fruit fly Optimization (EMO) algorithm for scheduling. In our EMO, the Multi-swarm fruit fly Optimization technique is applied in pocket driven trajectories (PDT) to minimize the delay and save energy. Then Breadth First Search (BFS) algorithm is used for time slot scheduling process. The proposed EMO algorithm reduces the iteration time to maximize the aggregated tree construction speed. The simulations show that the proposed EMO algorithm significantly reduces the data collection delay and energy consumption.
Wireless sensor network (WSN) turns out to be a vital innovation identified with systems as well ... more Wireless sensor network (WSN) turns out to be a vital innovation identified with systems as well as it is by and large broadly connected and received in the present day control and checking functions. In any case, problems with respect to vitality proficiency create huge worries during the time spent in remote sensor system. For problems concerning vitality, power efficient adaptive clustering hierarchy (PEACH) tradition has been suggested essentially for WSNs so as to criticize vitality use of hubs and expanding life range of the system. The hubs in the remote sensor system structure as a gathering. The most noteworthy vitality hub in the gathering has been chosen as a bunch head. The bunch head determination has a few criteria in choosing: (1) based on the vitality levels of sensors in group (i.e., the hub with higher vitality would be chosen as a bunch head). (2) based on hub degree (total number of hubs associated with it) (i.e., the hub with advanced hub degree would be chosen as a bunch head). The time differential of arrival (TDA) has been proposed for vitality consumption of sensor hubs in the system. TDA decreases the vitality utilization of hubs and expanding the system life duration. The node con-nectivity algorithm (NCA) has been proposed to discover the availability with neighbor's hub in the remote sensor system. The bunch head confirms the gathering hubs and transfers the confirmation data to server. On the off chance that any noxious hub available in the system, the server would recognize through self-mending key appropriation procedure and the bunch head would shut the hub and toss out the hub from the bunch. The noxious hub assets would be stored into the server. It will make the system more ensured and safe one. To broadcast the parcels from resource to goal, figure the most limited way with the assistance of 275 Dijkstra algorithm. The bundle encodes at source and unscrambled once it gets to the goal by means of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption calculation.
MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Network) is the active wireless network which can produce communication less... more MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Network) is the active wireless network which can produce communication less connections in which every node can perform as a router. Every node in the MANET is responsible for dynamically creating other nodes for communication. Protection is an important examine for the wireless and wired network communications in MANET. The achievement of MANET (mobile ad hoc networks) strappingly depends upon people's assurance in its sanctuary. Though, uniqueness of MANET poses both opportunity and challenges in the accomplishment of security purpose, like authentication, privacy, access, availability , integrity, non-repudiation, and control. The malicious node presence is being a major challenge in MANET for designing the vigorous security solution which can defend the MANET from different routing attacks. We have categorized the existing security services and security threats in this mobile ad hoc network paper. The proposed approach gives a better solution in the achievement of present security threats in MANET. Based on monitoring system a guard node is recommended in this paper through which every activity occurred inside the network can be constantly monitored. If there is any abnormal action of Stealthy attack occurred inside the network then the Guard node collects and forwards the abnormal information toward the source node. In this guard node an algorithm based on Ant Colony optimization is deployed to recognize the threats which are present in the A. Ranjan (&) Á T. Marwala 591 MANET's network. This proposed system detects the stealthy attack and also resists the attackers from the network. Therefore, this approach makes the enhancement in the network packet delivery and its performance ratio, etc. Keywords Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) Á Stealthy attacks Guard node Á Ant colony-based optimization
Suffix trees have emerged to be very fast for pattern searching yielding O (m) time, where m is t... more Suffix trees have emerged to be very fast for pattern searching yielding O (m) time, where m is the pattern size. Unfortunately their high memory requirements make it impractical to work with huge amounts of data. We present a memory efficient algorithm of a generalized suffix tree which reduces the space size by a factor of 10 when the size of the pattern is known beforehand. Experiments on the chromosomes and Pizza&Chili corpus show significant advantages of our algorithm over standard linear time suffix tree construction in terms of memory usage for pattern searching.
Suffix trees have recently become very successful data structures in handling large data sequence... more Suffix trees have recently become very successful data structures in handling large data sequences such as DNA or Protein sequences. Consequently parallel architectures have become ubiquitous. We present a novel alphabet-dependent parallel algorithm which attempts to take advantage of the perverseness of the multicore architecture. Microsatellites are important for their biological relevance hence our algorithm is based on time efficient construction for identification of such. We experimentally achieved up to 15x speedup over the sequential algorithm on different input sizes of biological sequences.
MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Network) is the active wireless network which can produce communication less... more MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Network) is the active wireless network which can produce communication less connections in which every node can perform as a router. Every node in the MANET is responsible for dynamically creating other nodes for communication. Protection is an important examine for the wireless and wired network communications in MANET. The achievement of MANET (mobile ad hoc networks) strappingly depends upon people's assurance in its sanctuary. Though, uniqueness of MANET poses both opportunity and challenges in the accomplishment of security purpose, like authentication, privacy, access, availability , integrity, non-repudiation, and control. The malicious node presence is being a major challenge in MANET for designing the vigorous security solution which can defend the MANET from different routing attacks. We have categorized the existing security services and security threats in this mobile ad hoc network paper. The proposed approach gives a better solution in the achievement of present security threats in MANET. Based on monitoring system a guard node is recommended in this paper through which every activity occurred inside the network can be constantly monitored. If there is any abnormal action of Stealthy attack occurred inside the network then the Guard node collects and forwards the abnormal information toward the source node. In this guard node an algorithm based on Ant Colony optimization is deployed to recognize the threats which are present in the A. Ranjan (&) Á T. Marwala 591 MANET's network. This proposed system detects the stealthy attack and also resists the attackers from the network. Therefore, this approach makes the enhancement in the network packet delivery and its performance ratio, etc. Keywords Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) Á Stealthy attacks Guard node Á Ant colony-based optimization
In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), the major problem in multiple sinks is efficient data collect... more In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), the major problem in multiple sinks is efficient data collection and scheduling, which can be overcome by aggregated tree construction and TDMA based scheduling technique. Earlier the techniques used for aggregated tree construction process takes more iteration to complete entire process, which maximizes the scheduling delay. Therefore there is need of an efficient aggregated tree construction which reduces the wastage of iteration time. In this paper, we propose Energy efficient Multi-swarm fruit fly Optimization (EMO) algorithm for scheduling. In our EMO, the Multi-swarm fruit fly Optimization technique is applied in pocket driven trajectories (PDT) to minimize the delay and save energy. Then Breadth First Search (BFS) algorithm is used for time slot scheduling process. The proposed EMO algorithm reduces the iteration time to maximize the aggregated tree construction speed. The simulations show that the proposed EMO algorithm significantly reduces the data collection delay and energy consumption.
Frequent itemset mining and association rule generation is a challenging task in data stream. Eve... more Frequent itemset mining and association rule generation is a challenging task in data stream. Even though, various algorithms have been proposed to solve the issue, it has been found out that only frequency does not decides the significance interestingness of the mined itemset and hence the association rules. This accelerates the algorithms to mine the association rules based on utility i.e. proficiency of the mined rules. However, fewer algorithms exist in the literature to deal with the utility as most of them deals with reducing the complexity in frequent itemset/association rules mining algorithm. Also, those few algorithms consider only the overall utility of the association rules and not the consistency of the rules throughout a defined number of periods. To solve this issue, in this paper, an enhanced association rule mining algorithm is proposed. The algorithm introduces new weightage validation in the conventional association rule mining algorithms to validate the utility and its consistency in the mined association rules. The utility is validated by the integrated calculation of the cost/price efficiency of the itemsets and its frequency. The consistency validation is performed at every defined number of windows using the probability distribution function, assuming that the weights are normally distributed. Hence, validated and the obtained rules are frequent and utility efficient and their interestingness are distributed throughout the entire time period. The algorithm is implemented and the resultant rules are compared against the rules that can be obtained from conventional mining algorithms.
In privacy preserving data mining, utility mining plays an important role. In privacy preserving ... more In privacy preserving data mining, utility mining plays an important role. In privacy preserving utility mining, some sensitive itemsets are concealed from the database according to certain privacy policies. Hiding sensitive itemsets from the adversaries is becoming an important issue nowadays. Also, only very few methods are available in the literature to hide the sensitive itemsets in the database. One of the existing privacy preserving utility mining methods utilizes two algorithms, HHUIF and MSICF to conceal the sensitive itemsets, so that the adversaries cannot mine them from the modified database. To accomplish the hiding process, this method finds the sensitive itemsets and modifies the frequency of the high valued utility items. However, the performance of this method lacks if the utility value of the items are the same. The items with the same utility value decrease the hiding performance of the sensitive itemsets and also it has introduced computational complexity due to the frequency modification in each item. To solve this problem, in this paper a modified HHUIF algorithm with Item Selector (MHIS) is proposed. The proposed MHIS algorithm is a modified version of existing HHUIF algorithm. The MHIS algorithm computes the sensitive itemsets by utilizing the user defined utility threshold value. In order to hide the sensitive itemsets, the frequency value of the items is changed. If the utility values of the items are the same, the MHIS algorithm selects the accurate items and then the frequency values of the selected items are modified. The proposed MHIS reduces the computation complexity as well as improves the hiding performance of the itemsets. The algorithm is implemented and the resultant itemsets are compared against the itemsets that are obtained from the conventional privacy preserving utility mining algorithms.
The main objective of the network security is to prevent DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) att... more The main objective of the network security is to prevent DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks in inter-connected systems. Generally, DDoS attacks are attempted by hackers and explicitly block an authorized user from accessing their account and deny them the services they are entitled to. Hackers seek recourse to hacking using malware (i.e., Botnets) for increased access to and control of a large number of computers. Once the malicious system commences its nefarious activities, the attacks are carried out using a well-coordinated operation. After that, an expensive attack is done on more than one targeted machine. The main goal of intrusion detection system and research community working to prevent such attacks is designing a perfect security technique against the discovered and undiscovered DDoS attacks. However, the design of such a technique needs an awareness of the security problem and also the designed technique's method Selvaraj et al.; BJAST, 5(5): 500-509, 2015; Article no.BJAST.2015.048 501 used to detect, prevent and respond to different types of DDoS attacks. In this paper, a new Integrated Intrusion Detection System is proposed, namely, the Outlier Detection Approach based Intrusion Detection System-Honey Pot System (ODAIDS-HPS) to detect, prevent, and respond to various kinds of DDoS attacks. The proposed work is done in three phases, such as DDoS Detection, Prevention and responding to DDoS attackers. The first two phases are resolved by Intrusion Detection System from utilizing the Outlier Detection Approach to detect the malicious information received from unauthorized users. In the third phase, a new honeypot system is proposed to respond to unauthorized users with false information. The proposed system that is deployed on a trial basis is shown to prevent DDoS attacks far more effectively than any other tools or intrusion detection system.
Nowadays, distributed denial of service (DDoS) becomes a major challenge in the network as it aff... more Nowadays, distributed denial of service (DDoS) becomes a major challenge in the network as it affects the network at multi-level. This leads to traffic overhead and wastage of bandwidth utilisation. In order to overcome these issues, ant-based DDoS detection technique using roaming virtual honeypots is proposed. In this technique, virtual roaming honeypot along with the multi-level secure architecture is used to collect the information about the various intruders at different levels in the network. Ant colony optimisation technique is used to detect the intruders based on the pheromone deposit on that considered area. A multi-level IP log table is used to detect the intruders at different levels of the network. Once the affected area is found, the information is sent to multi-level architecture to limit the spread of the affected area to the honeypot. This information is sent to the honeypot to make a defence system against the attackers. The advantage of the proposed technique is that it provides a full defence against DDoS at multi-level without creating any traffic overhead.
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is a recent advanced technology of computer networks and electroni... more Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is a recent advanced technology of computer networks and electronics. The WSN increasingly becoming more practicable solution to many challenging applications. The sensor networks depend upon the sensed data, which may depend upon the application. One of the major applications of the sensor networks is in military. So security is the greatest concern to deploy sensor network such hostile unattended environments, monitoring real world applications. But the limitations and inherent constraints of the sensor nodes does not support the existing traditional security mechanisms in WSN. Now the present research is mainly concentrated on providing security mechanism in sensor networks. In this context, we analysis security aspects of the sensor networks like requirements, classifications, and type of attacks etc., in this survey paper.
The main concept of this research is for increasing the network lifetime and decreases the data s... more The main concept of this research is for increasing the network lifetime and decreases the data size over wireless sensor network. To perform this idea we proposed some novel technique which provides the reliable energy efficient routes and maximizing the network lifetime for finding the route that minimize the total energy for packet traversal. We also use the data compression model that reduce the size of data and joint balancing of nodes and optimize the dynamic compression for improving the lifetime of network. The data compression could be completed within some step, those are raw data could get broken in few branches and get compressed at distinct level of the compression, these compressed data could be decompressed at a certain level and again compressed with distinct level to forward directly or by using some base station. For transmitting the data to base station from the source node, every node has to be clustered and have to choose one cluster head in the group of every cluster, the CH (Cluster Head) is having the more energy in compared to the all other nodes. The CH (Cluster Head) is obtaining the entire message from the other neighbor's nodes and transmits it to the Base station. From source to destination data transmission, the nodes are searching shortest path that provide a high computation of complexity.
Nowadays, Network Security is growing rapidly because no user specifically wants his/her computer... more Nowadays, Network Security is growing rapidly because no user specifically wants his/her computer system to be intruded by a malicious user or an attacker. The growing usage of cloud computing provides a different type of services , which leads users to face security issues. There are different types of security issues such as hacking intrusions worms and viruses, DoS etc. Since the entire needed resources are associated with everyone and are centrally monitored by main controller in cloud computing area it creates a simplest way for intruders. In addition, an experienced or knowledgeable attacker can get to make out the sys-tem's weakness and can hack the sensible information or any resource and so, it is essential to provide protection against attack or intrusion. Additionally, to handle poor performance or low latency for the clients, filtering malicious accesses becomes the main concern of an administrator. Some of the traditional Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems fail to overcome the abovementioned problems. As a result, this research proposes a novel approach named Enhanced Intrusion Detection Prevention System to prevent, protect and respond the various network intrusions in the internet. Our proposed system use client-server architecture, which contains main server and several clients. Clients record the doubtful actions taking place in the Internet and record the suspicious information. Then, this recorded information is forwarded to the main server for further usage. After that, the main server analyses the received data and then make decision whether to provide a security alert or not; then the received information is displayed via an interface. In addition, server verifies the data packets using IDPS and classifies the attacks using Support Vector Machine. Finally, as per the attack type Honeypot system sends irrelevant data to the attacker. The experimentally deployed proposed system results are shown in our framework which validates the authorized users and prevents the intrusions effectively rather than other frameworks or tools.
Numerous schemes for data aggregation are done by encryption for privacy of data, and thus, homom... more Numerous schemes for data aggregation are done by encryption for privacy of data, and thus, homomorphism has been reviewed and designed on the wireless sensor network (WSN) to improve security. WSN is an emerging and challenging technology in the area of the research because of its vital scope with low power energy associated with it. Several application sensors collect information or data from different sensed nodes and will be aggregated to a host computer or a base station. Data aggregation happens in a network between intermediate nodes which causes to reduce energy consumption on these nodes to make efficient network performance. The algorithm used in existing aggregation system does not provide sufficient security functionality and is more vulnerable to several attacks. Furthermore, some compromised nodes also inject false data which leads to a falsify data aggregation which is forwarded to base station. The enlargement of WSNs is thrombosed due the limited energy constraints. The main focus of this paper is done mainly on enhancing energy in WSN by working on the enhancement of some routing protocol. This paper also explains on eliminating of data vulnerability , security aggregation, and false data injecting attack by presenting different robust surveys and protocols. In this paper, initial discussions are done on WSN with a detailed overview of sensor, and reviews are made on providing security of wireless sensor network. The proposed novel idea is used in aggregating data during exchanging of messages and to preserve its data privacy and also to overcome problem in network construction (NC) and its security. The NC is done by clustering its topology, and assigning heads to each cluster with huge communication range, also security pattern generation is created for protecting the data information.
Numerous schemes for data aggregation are done by encryption for privacy of data, and thus, homom... more Numerous schemes for data aggregation are done by encryption for privacy of data, and thus, homomorphism has been reviewed and designed on the wireless sensor network (WSN) to improve security. WSN is an emerging and challenging technology in the area of the research because of its vital scope with low power energy associated with it. Several application sensors collect information or data from different sensed nodes and will be aggregated to a host computer or a base station. Data aggregation happens in a network between intermediate nodes which causes to reduce energy consumption on these nodes to make efficient network performance. The algorithm used in existing aggregation system does not provide sufficient security functionality and is more vulnerable to several attacks. Furthermore, some compromised nodes also inject false data which leads to a falsify data aggregation which is forwarded to base station. The enlargement of WSNs is thrombosed due the limited energy constraints. The main focus of this paper is done mainly on enhancing energy in WSN by working on the enhancement of some routing protocol. This paper also explains on eliminating of data vulnerability , security aggregation, and false data injecting attack by presenting different robust surveys and protocols. In this paper, initial discussions are done on WSN with a detailed overview of sensor, and reviews are made on providing security of wireless sensor network. The proposed novel idea is used in aggregating data during exchanging of messages and to preserve its data privacy and also to overcome problem in network construction (NC) and its security. The NC is done by clustering its topology, and assigning heads to each cluster with huge communication range, also security pattern generation is created for protecting the data information.
Numerous schemes for data aggregation are done by encryption for privacy of data, and thus, homom... more Numerous schemes for data aggregation are done by encryption for privacy of data, and thus, homomorphism has been reviewed and designed on the wireless sensor network (WSN) to improve security. WSN is an emerging and challenging technology in the area of the research because of its vital scope with low power energy associated with it. Several application sensors collect information or data from different sensed nodes and will be aggregated to a host computer or a base station. Data aggregation happens in a network between intermediate nodes which causes to reduce energy consumption on these nodes to make efficient network performance. The algorithm used in existing aggregation system does not provide sufficient security functionality and is more vulnerable to several attacks. Furthermore, some compromised nodes also inject false data which leads to a falsify data aggregation which is forwarded to base station. The enlargement of WSNs is thrombosed due the limited energy constraints. The main focus of this paper is done mainly on enhancing energy in WSN by working on the enhancement of some routing protocol. This paper also explains on eliminating of data vulnerability, security aggregation, and false data injecting attack by presenting different robust surveys and protocols. In this paper, initial discussions are done on WSN with a detailed overview of sensor, and reviews are made on providing security of wireless sensor network. The proposed novel idea is used in aggregating data during exchanging of messages and to preserve its data privacy and also to overcome problem in network construction (NC) and its security. The NC is done by 61 [email protected] clustering its topology, and assigning heads to each cluster with huge communication range, also security pattern generation is created for protecting the data information.
Data mining has became a familiar tool for mining stored value from the large scale databases tha... more Data mining has became a familiar tool for mining stored value from the large scale databases that are known as Sequential Database. These databases has large number of itemsets that can arrive frequently and sequentially, it can also predict the users behaviors. The evaluation of user behavior is done by using Sequential pattern mining where the frequent patterns extracted with several limitations. Even the previous sequential pattern techniques used some limitations to extract those frequent patterns but these techniques does not generated the more reliable patterns .Thus, it is very complex to the decision makers for evaluation of user behavior. In this paper, to solve this problem a technique called hybrid pattern is used which has both time based limitation and space limitation and it is used to extract more feasible pattern from sequential database. Initially, the space limitation is applied to break the sequential database using the maximum and minimum threshold values. To this end, the time based limitation is applied to extract more feasible patterns where a bury-time arrival rate is computed to extract the reliable patterns.
Data mining has became a familiar tool for mining stored value from the large scale databases tha... more Data mining has became a familiar tool for mining stored value from the large scale databases that are known as Sequential Database. These databases has large number of itemsets that can arrive frequently and sequentially, it can also predict the users behaviors. The evaluation of user behavior is done by using Sequential pattern mining where the frequent patterns extracted with several limitations. Even the previous sequential pattern techniques used some limitations to extract those frequent patterns but these techniques does not generated the more reliable patterns .Thus, it is very complex to the decision makers for evaluation of user behavior. In this paper, to solve this problem a technique called hybrid pattern is used which has both time based limitation and space limitation and it is used to extract more feasible pattern from sequential database. Initially, the space limitation is applied to break the sequential database using the maximum and minimum threshold values. To this end, the time based limitation is applied to extract more feasible patterns where a bury-time arrival rate is computed to extract the reliable patterns.
The e-learning is a recent development that has emerged in the educational system due to the grow... more The e-learning is a recent development that has emerged in the educational system due to the growth of the information technology. The common challenges involved in The e-learning platform include the collection and annotation of the learning materials, organization of the knowledge in a useful way, the retrieval and discovery of the useful learning materials from the knowledge space in a more significant way, and the delivery of the adaptive and personalized learning materials. In order to handle these challenges, the proposed system is developed using five different steps of knowledge input such as the annotation of the learning materials, creation of knowledge space, indexing of learning materials using the multi-dimensional knowledge and XML structure to generate a knowledge grid and the retrieval of learning materials performed by matching the user query with the indexed database and ontology. The process is carried out in two modules such as the server module and client module. The proposed approach is evaluated using various parameters such as the precision, recall and F-measure. Comprehensive results are achieved by varying the keywords, number of documents and the K-size. The proposed approach has yielded excellent results by obtaining the higher evaluation metric, together with an average precision of 0.81, average recall of 1 and average F-measure of 0.86 for K = 2.
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Papers by Venu Madhav