Electronics and Communication Engineering

Ancient document Image processing is an important area attracting many researchers in the recent period. Binarization is the first step while cleaning the document for further processing. Based on the degradation of the original document, either global or local thresholding methods are preferred. Thresholding phenomenon is a simple and practical approach to identify the cluster of pixels that are most likely associated with background information, while separating the object information. In this paper we propose a modified iterative global thresholding approach to separate the clusters of fore ground and background. The relative closeness towards background intensity is computed in each iteration after image equalization. Camera captured images of ancient printed documents, stone carvings and palm leaves are evaluated in the present paper.

A fuzzy filter adaptive to both sample’s activity and the relative position between samples is proposed to reduce the artifacts in compressed multidimensional signals. For JPEG images, the fuzzy spatial filter is based on the directional characteristics of ringing artifacts along the strong edges. For compressed video sequences, the motion compensated spatiotemporal filter (MCSTF) is applied to intra frame and inter frame pixels to deal with both spatial and temporal artifacts. A new metric which considers the tracking characteristic of human eyes is proposed to evaluate the flickering artifacts. Simulations on compressed images and videos show improvement in artifact reduction of the proposed adaptive fuzzy filter over other conventional spatial or temporal filtering approaches.

Hybrid analysis techniques based on the combined use of finite elements and the classical Bubnov–Galerkin approximation are presented for predicting nonlinear steady-state temperature distributions in structures and solids. In these hybrid techniques the modelling versatility of the finite element method is preserved and a substantial reduction in the number of degrees-of-freedom is achieved by expressing the vector of nodal temperatures as a linear combination of a small number of global-temperature modes, or basis vectors. The Bubnov–Galerkin technique is then used to compute the coefficients of the linear combination (i.e. the amplitudes of the global–temperature modes).The basis vectors chosen are the path derivatives commonly used in perturbation techniques, namely, the derivatives of the nodal–temperature vector with respect to a preselected control (or path) parameter(s). The vectors are generated by using the finite element model of the initial discretization. Also, the performance of alternate sets of basis vectors is investigated. In the alternate sets, only a few path derivatives are generated, and they are augmented by a constant vector representing a uniform temperature rise (or drop), and by reciprocal vectors with nonzero components equal to the reciprocals of the nonzero components of the path derivatives. A problem-adaptive computational algorithm is presented for efficient evaluation of global approximation vectors and generation of the reduced system of equations and for monitoring the accuracy of the reduced system of equations.The potential of the proposed reduction methods for the solution of large-scale, nonlinear steady-state thermal problems is also discussed. The effectiveness of these methods is demonstrated by means of four numerical examples, including conduction, convection and radiation modes of heat transfer.This study shows that the use of the uniform-temperature mode and the path derivatives as global approximation vectors significantly increases the accuracy of the solutions obtained by reduction methods, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of these methods for the solution of large-scale, nonlinear thermal problems.

Range/Doppler ambiguity is an important problem in chirp radar operations with all the existing schemes for ambiguity elimination relying on multiple waveform switching. Now, a new method for ambiguity elimination is proposed. It is based on a single waveform and only involves a series of software computations associated with the instantaneous amplitudes of the target under consideration at adjacent range bins. Besides the ambiguity factor, the instantaneous range of the target is also estimated. The method can greatly improve the target detection and tracking capability of high-frequency chirp radars. Both simulation and real data processing results are demonstrated to validate of the method.

We investigate the scenarios of detecting and
tracking multiple moving people in a complex environment with
indoor surveillance video stream obtained from a static camera
with difficult scene properties changes and solves the major
occlusion problem.. In this paper, we propose a new
morphological technique for object tracking and counting. To
obtain a more accurate people count, the two stage segmentation
is developed for extracting each person from a crowd. Firstly, a
crowd is segmented by frame difference technique, followed by
morphological processing and region growing. First, moving
objects are precisely extracted by determining its motion, for
further processing. The scene illumination changes are
averaged to obtain the accurate moving object during
background subtraction process. In case of objects occlusion, we
use the color feature information to accurately distinguish
between objects. The method is able to identify moving persons,
track them and provide unique tag for the tracked persons. The
effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated with
experiments in an indoor environment. Experimental results
show that the counting accuracy can be achieved above 91% on
average if the crowd moves normally. A comparison with other
reported methods of using a zenithal camera manifests the
superiority of the proposed method in counting accuracy.
Index Terms— Counting Object, Video Processing,
Moving Object Segmentation, Video Surveillance.

Motion control is an important function for any human-robot interface which gives an opportunity to the users to remotely operate the humanoid robot. The need for creating such humanoid robot arises from the diverse socio economic interests such as day to day activities of differently abled to lending a hand to the human race in nearly inaccessible areas such as mines, areas exposed to radiation, war zones, etc. The recent developments in the field of motion controlled humanoid robot include the gaming interface Xbox 360 released by Microsoft for the purpose of extreme involvement of the player in the gameplay, another noticeable area being depth image processing and skeletal tracking where the concept of motion tracking and motion mimic technology is being used has widely developed. The Humanoid robot takes its inputs from the depth sensor in the form of image feed from the depth camera and outline the gestures tracked by it. The time constraints on various jobs make them grossly dependent on real time data processing and execution. . Then the system communicates wirelessly with the self-designed Semi- Humanoid which in-turn, imitates the operator with maximum accuracy.

Motion control is an important function for any human-robot interface which gives an opportunity to the users to remotely operate the humanoid robot. The need for creating such humanoid robot arises from the diverse socio economic interests such as day to day activities of differently abled to lending a hand to the human race in nearly inaccessible areas such as mines, areas exposed to radiation, war zones, etc. The recent developments in the field of motion controlled humanoid robot include the gaming interface Xbox 360 released by Microsoft for the purpose of extreme involvement of the player in the gameplay, another noticeable area being depth image processing and skeletal tracking where the concept of motion tracking and motion mimic technology is being used has widely developed. The Humanoid robot takes its inputs from the depth sensor in the form of image feed from the depth camera and outline the gestures tracked by it. The time constraints on various jobs make them grossly d...

Image up-sampling is found to be a very effective technique useful in today's digital image processing applications or rendering devices. In image upsampling, an image is enhanced from a lower resolution to a higher resolution with the degree of enhancement depending upon application requirements. It is known that the traditional interpolation based approaches for up-sampling, such as Bilinear or Bicubic interpolation, blur the resultant images [1, 2]. Furthermore; in color imagery, these interpolation based up-sampling methods may have color infringing artifacts in the areas where the images contain sharp edges and fine textures. In this paper, we present an interesting up-sampling algorithm using 9/7 bi-orthogonal Spline filters based Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The proposed method preserves much of the sharp edge features in the image, and lessens the amount of color artifacts. Effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been demonstrated based on evaluation of PSNR and * ab E ∆ quality metrics of the original image and the reconstructed image.

There has been increased interest in the development of pattern recognition in medical diagnosis, may it be analysis of various features extracted from the ECG to diagnose a broad spectrum of cardiovascular disorders, including arrhythmias and heart rate variability or it is catching tumors, cysts and growths in the human body in earlier stages, it is vital to the survival of the patient. This technical report is an attempt to study the imaging techniques and mathematical models involved to assist in diagnosis.

This paper proposes a Rectangular Micro strip Patch (RMPA) for future fifth generation (5G) wireless and mobile communication applications.Theantenna is constructed on FR-4 substarte having dimensions of 3.763 ×2.815× 0.02 mm 3 .This antenna is designed and simulated in CST micro wave studio.Simulation results shows that the antenna is resonating at 24.09 GHz with a reflection coefficient (S11)-33.802 and VSWR is 1.04.Furthermore , this antenna is performing well interms of gain , directivity and band width.

Future wireless communications systems are expected to be extremely dynamic, smart and capable to interact with the surrounding radio environment. To implement such advanced devices, cognitive radio (CR) is a promising paradigm, focusing on strategies for acquiring information and learning. The first task of cognitive systems is spectrum sensing, that consists the analysis of the radio frequency spectrum. In particular, CR has *

Future wireless communications systems are expected to be extremely dynamic, smart and capable to interact with the surrounding radio environment. To implement such advanced devices, cognitive radio (CR) is a promising paradigm, focusing on strategies for acquiring information and learning. The first task of cognitive systems is spectrum sensing, that consists the analysis of the radio frequency spectrum. In particular, CR has *