B-Tech Ece

Google has developed a wearable computer with an optical head-mounted display (OHMD) the research and development project Project Glass with the intension of producing a mass-market ubiquitous computer. Glass displays information in a hands-free format which can interact with the Internet through natural language voice commands. The Google Glass will have the combined features of virtual reality and augmented reality. It works on Google's Android Operating System. It also uses other technologies such as4G, EyeTap, Smart Clothing, Smart Grid. Google Glass is a futuristic gadget we've seen in recent times. It will prove as a useful technology for all kinds of people including handicapped/disabled.

The main objective of this project is to develop an embedded system, which provides safety to vehicle driver and automatic vehicle maintenance by using CAN protocol.

All automobile vehicles are common ‘Machines’ in day to day life. We all are very familiar to those ‘Machines’. All those vehicles are driven by human called as Driver. There is an issue of traffic density, which issue is increasing day by day with tremendous rate. We are going to design and develop the CAN protocol which is widely used in automobile designing concepts. CAN protocol has gained wide spread popularity in industrial automation in big as well as some small scale industries. The Controller Area Network (CAN) is a serial bus communication protocol. It defines a standard for efficient and reliable communication between sensor, actuator, controller and other nodes in real-time applications. CAN is the de facto standard in a large variety of networked embedded control systems. Using CAN protocol implementation we interface different sensors with controller or we can say decision making device. Again real time operating embedded system gives very much important to our system in day to day life use.

The quality of being easily understandable of the spe ech signals are very importantin communication and other speec h related systems. In order to improve these two in thespeech sign al, Speech improvement sets of computer instructions and devices are used so that itmay be better fully used by other speech proces sing setsof computer instructions. Most of the speech communica tion that requires atleast one microphone and the desired speech signal is usually contaminated by backgroundnoise and echo. As a result, the speech sign must be "cleaned" with advanced sign preparing devices before it is played out, transmitted, or put away. In this venture it has been investigated the required things and degree of upgrades in the field of discourse improvement utilizing discourse de-noising sets of PC directions announced in books with the fundamental intend to concentrate on the utilization of the window shape limits/rules in STSA based Speech Improvement process in which the sign destroyed by commotion is into edges and each part/segment is Windowed and the Windowed Speech pieces/parts zone connected to the Speech Improvement set of PC guidelines and the Improved Speech sign is modified in its time area. In general, the Speech Improvement methods make use theHam ming Window for this purpose. In this work an attempt has been made to study the effect of Window shape on the Speech. The Modified Improved thresholding is proposed by Asser Ghanbari and Mohammad Reza Karami and can be used like a hard thresholding limit with respect to the wavelet coefficients through and through worth progressively conspicuous than limit esteem and resembles an exponential capacity for the wavelet coefficients supreme worth not as much as edge esteem and is characterized.

There is number of computations involved at every stage in Digital Signal Processing (DSP). At every stage of computation we have addition and multiplication of the terms derived from previous and presents stages. The general computation incorporates the use of normal multiplication and addition, but the circuitry of normal multiplication and addition is lethargic i.e., it consumes more space on chip, consumes more power and the speed of computation is also low.These drawbacks can be avoided by switching to proposed method called Multiplication and Accumulation (MAC). Aim of this project is to develop an Area optimized Low power digital circuit for MAC (Multiply and Accumulate) operation. We develop the Verilog Hardware Description Language code for the various implementations of the MAC (Multiply and Accumulate) that is we try to avoid using multipliers and prefer to use the combinational circuits like multiplexers. These Verilog HDL codes will be simulated to check the functionality. Once we get the expected results we go for the implementation of the digital circuits. We analyze all the MAC digital circuits to find out the best digital circuit which consumes minimum area and power. The importance of MAC in FPGA designs is explained by some filter designs. We also give some suggestions on the system level solutions based on the MAC.

 Abstract-Discourse, being a key method for correspondence, has been inserted in different applications. In numerous unavoidable circumstances, we are rendered vulnerable attempting to conclude the understandability of the discourse and this is the place Speech improving strategy i.e. evacuation of undesirable foundation commotion, comes into picture. In this paper, an endeavor has been made towards contemplating Speech Enhancement methods, for example, Spectral Subtraction, Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE), Kalman and Wiener channel. In view of our perceptions and investigation of different execution parameters, we finish up which of the strategies is most reasonable for discourse improvement. The usage of the code for different channels is finished utilizing.

 Abstract-Discourse, being a key method for correspondence, has been inserted in different applications. In numerous unavoidable circumstances, we are rendered vulnerable attempting to conclude the understandability of the discourse and this is the place Speech improving strategy i.e. evacuation of undesirable foundation commotion, comes into picture. In this paper, an endeavor has been made towards contemplating Speech Enhancement methods, for example, Spectral Subtraction, Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE), Kalman and Wiener channel. In view of our perceptions and investigation of different execution parameters, we finish up which of the strategies is most reasonable for discourse improvement. The usage of the code for different channels is finished utilizing.

This paper investigates the effect of Window
shape on the improvement of Speech quality by reducing the
noise using Analysis Window with optimum shape. In Speech
Enhancement process, signal corrupted by noise is segmented
into frames and each segment is Windowed using Analysis
Window with variation in the shape parameter. The
Windowed Speech segments are applied to the Hybrid
Methods and the Enhanced Speech signal is reconstructed in
its time domain. The focus is to study the effect of analysis
Window shape on the Speech Enhancement process. For
different shapes of the analysis Window, It is observed that the
Window shape plays an important role on the enhancement
process. The quality of the Enhanced Speech was measured
using six objective measures. The results are compared with
the measures of analysis window and an optimum shape
constant for the analysis Window is proposed for better speech
quality. This paper investigates the improvement of Speech
quality in terms of six objective quality measures using
Discrete Wavelet Transform and proposes two Hybrid
methods

This paper presents an automation of farm irrigation system embedded Linux board. The system provides a web interface to the user so that the user can control and monitor the system remotely. In this paper, Raspberry Pi is used as an embedded Linux board which is designed based on the arm 11 microcontroller architecture. Embedded Linux board makes the communication with all distributed sensor nodes placed in the farm. The goal of coordinator node is to collect the parameters like soil moisture and soil temperature. The sensors are moisture and soil temperature sensor. Raspberry Pi stores collected data in the database and analyzes the stored data. The system will work according to the algorithm developed for watering the crop. User can make the irrigation system ON or OFF remotely. The system will reduce the water consumption and giving uniform water to the crop results in increasing yield.

The scientific community and media have increasingly recognized the significance of microexpressions as indicators for detecting deception, as they reveal genuine emotions that individuals attempt to conceal. To capitalize on these subtle cues of deceit, researchers have developed applications capable of automatically detecting and recognizing microexpressions, which are typically imperceptible to the human eye. Facial expressions serve as fundamental ground truth determinants in multimedia applications. Earlier models, such as GA, RFO, X-Boosting, and Gradient Boosting, demonstrate greater efficiency in terms of time and accuracy. However, not all applications are capable of detecting micro facial expressions. In this study, a deep learning-based Tiefes FCNN model is designed specifically for micro facial expression recognition. Implemented using Python software, the proposed model consists of two stages: first, pre-processing is performed using image segmentation, followed by the application of a deep learning model employing Tiefes FCNN technology in the second stage. The experimental results exhibit significant performance improvements, including an accuracy of 99.02%, precision of 98.82%, F1-score of 97.8%, PSNR of 56.31, and CC of 96.31.

In wireless environment researches on security issues in various layering level of the networks are focused recent times. One of the major issue is denial of service attacks. This paper mainly deals with the detection of syn flooding attacks which is one form of denial of service attacks in wireless sensor networks. It is a type of attack done by the attacker to a specific server to down them by flooding the requests. So, the server will be busy waiting for the requests created by the attacker. In view to this attack an efficient routing approach by distance-2 dominating set is proposed to exhibit the plan of clustering the nodes in the network for effective data transmission. The traffic limit method is used to monitor the bandwidth usage of the nodes concerned in the network to find the flooding attacks in real time event detection environment. The test cases are implemented using network simulation tool. The outcomes discussed about here are to demonstrate the packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay and the bandwidth usage by the malicious nodes which will be high of the various other authorized nodes in the system.

This paper proposes an advanced system for process management via a credit card sized single board computer called raspberry pi based multi parameter monitoring hardware system designed using RS232 and microcontroller that measures and controls various global parameters. The system comprises of a single master and multiple slaves with wireless mode of communication and a raspberry pi system that can either operate on windows or linux operating system. The parameters that can be tracked are temperature, light intensity and gas sensor. The hardware design is done with the surface mount devices (SMD) on a double layer printed circuit board (PCB) to reduced the size and improve the power efficiency. The various interesting features are field device communication via USB-OTG enabled Android devices, on field firm ware update without any specific hardware and remote monitoring and control.

The Project represents embedded surveillance system, frequently used in a home, an office or a factory, uses a sensor triggered to turn on a camera]. Some designs use different types of sensors to achieve reliability by means of the different features of each sensor. In this paper we extend our previous design not only by using both multiple PIR sensors and ultrasonic sensors as a sensor group, but also by using the MVM. Ultrasonic receivers and transmitters are located at opposite ends. However, to reduce the interference from other frequencies in ultrasonic signals, we use a coding signal to enhance the ability to distinguish the random interference. An embedded system is a special purpose computer system that is designed to perform very small sets of designated activities. Embedded systems date back as early as the late 1960s where they used to control electromechanical telephone switches. The first recognizable embedded system was the Apollo Guidance Computer developed by Charles Draper and his team. Later they found their way into the military, medical sciences and the aerospace and automobile industries. Today they are widely used to serve various purposes like: • Network equipment such as firewall, router, switch, and so on. • Consumer equipment such as MP3 players, cell phones, PDAs, digital cameras, camcorders, home entertainment systems and so on.

In wireless network, real time flows are prioritized over non-real time flows. Because of this prioritization, non-real time flows endures starvation. Furthermore, real time flows are handled quite generally as no specification is given to emergency flows. Also, the existing approaches did not provide any guarantee for the starvation reduction of non real time flows and efficient management of emergency calls. To avoid this challenging situation and to differentiate RT and NRT flows into more specific services, a service differentiated mechanism for best effort packet delivery in advanced wireless networks is proposed. The packet marking procedure using Differentiated Service (DiffServ) model is also proposed.

Every designated commando in the police department undergoes training for the improvement of his quick reflexes for attacking the surprise enemy and shooting accuracy in a given short period, typically 4 seconds. Present day commando training system in India lacks efficiency in posing a surprise enemy, timing control, programmability and measure of success or failure. The authors are engaged into

The monitoring of electrocardiography (ECG) in ambulatory conditions is an important task for achieving success in remote healthcare monitoring. In this paper, Kalman-based adaptive artifact cancellation structures, which are the hybrid versions of least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm variants, are proposed for the high-resolution enhancement of an ECG signal. The main advantage of the Kalman-based adaptive filter structure lies in the extraction of the ECG signal at a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This property helps the Kalman noise canceller (KNC) to achieve greater monitoring accuracy. The hybrid version of this Kalman algorithm makes the noise canceller independent of the step-size parameter, whereas the performance of conventional adaptive filters depends on the step-size parameter. In the proposed KNCs, we use discrete wavelet transform to generate a reference component from the contaminated ECG signal itself. In addition to these constraints, in remote health care monitoring, it is necessary to lower the computational burden and increase the convergence rate of the noise canceller. In a practical remote health care monitoring system if the computational burden of the signal conditioning unit is more, then it takes a much greater amount of time to process samples in the filter. This leads to waiting of incoming samples at the input port of the filter. This causes overlapping of samples at the input port and causes ambiguity in the diagnosis process. To achieve the feature of low computational complexity, we combine Kalman-based LMS (KLMS) with sign algorithms. In addition, data normalization is introduced to improve convergence characteristics. Finally, to test the performance of the proposed implementations, real ECG signals from the MIT-BIH database is used. The measured parameters, namely, SNR, excess mean square error, and mis-adjustment are calculated in the enhancement process to judge the ability of various algorithms. Experimental results confirm that the proposed Kalman-based adaptive algorithms are better than the LMS-based algorithms. Among the implemented techniques sign regressor-based KNC performs better in terms of various considered measures.

An increasing number of elderly and disabled people urge the need for a health care monitoring system which has the capabilities for analyzing patient health care data to avoid preventable deaths. Medical Telemetry is becoming a key tool in assisting patients living remotely where a "Real-time Remote Critical Health Care Monitoring System" (RRCHCMS) can be utilized for the same. The RRCHCMS is capable of receiving and transmitting data from a remote location to a location that has the capability to diagnose the data and affect decision making and further providing assistance to the patient. During the cardiac analysis, several artifacts solidly affect the ST segment, humiliate the signal quality, frequency resolution, and results in large amplitude signals in ECG that simulate PQRST waveform and cover up the miniature features that are useful for clinical monitoring and diagnosis. In this paper, several leaky based adaptive filter structures for cardiac signal improvement are discussed. The Circular Leaky Least Mean Square (CLLMS) algorithm being the steepest drop strategy for dropping the mean squared error gives a better result in comparison with the Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm. To enlarge the filtering ability some variants of LMS, Normalized Least Mean Square (NLMS), CLLMS, Variable Step Size CLLMS (VSS-CLLMS) algorithms are used in both time domain (TD) and frequency domain (FD). At last, we applied this algorithm on cardiac signals occurred due to MIT-BIH database. The performance of CLLMS algorithm is better compared to LLMS counterparts in conditions of Signal to Noise Ratio Improvement (SNRI), Excess Mean Square Error (EMSE) and Misadjustment (MSD). When compared to all other algorithms VSS-CLLMS gives superior SNRI. These values are 13.5616dB and 13.7592dB for Baseline Wander (BW) and Muscle Artifact (MA) removal.