Papers by Carlos CASTILLO-SALGADO
International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience, 2017
Over the last decade, Baltimore has become a non-traditional sanctuary city, receiving an unprece... more Over the last decade, Baltimore has become a non-traditional sanctuary city, receiving an unprecedented influx of Latino immigrants, mostly from Central America's Northern Triangle, who are often fleeing violence in their home countries. This study explored the nature and frequency of healthcare utilization for mental health problems among uninsured/uninsurable Latinos who received outpatient care between 2012 and 2015 through an academic hospital-affiliated program that covers primary and specialty services to uninsured patients without regard to documentation status. Encounters for mental health disorders were the most common category, accounting for 14.88% of all visits. Mood (78%) and anxiety disorders (16%) were the most prevalent mental health diagnoses. The most frequent reason to seek care was symptom, signs, and ill-defined conditions (37.47%), and within this subgroup, pain was the leading cause of seeking care (88%), which may indicate high rates of somatization of mental health distress. This study presents a unique opportunity to explore the burden and nature of mental health needs among a population for which healthcare information is rarely attainable and highlights the need for culturally competent screening mechanisms and interventions to address the stressors faced by emergent communities.
Introduction: Medicare beneficiaries, especially those from racial/ethnic minority populations, u... more Introduction: Medicare beneficiaries, especially those from racial/ethnic minority populations, underutilize benefits for cancer screening. There is growing evidence that patient navigation helps overcome barriers to screening; however there is limited data on which subgroups benefit most from navigation. The Cancer Prevention and Treatment Demonstration (CPTD) was a randomized controlled trial that assessed the effect of patient navigation on cancer screening among Black Medicare beneficiaries in Baltimore, Maryland. We investigated whether patient navigation's effect on female participants' breast cancer screening adherence varied by distance between residence and mammography facilities. Methods: Utilizing two sampling methods, 2,593 participants were enrolled into the CPTD trial with recruitment beginning in October 2006 and follow-up ending in December 2010. This analysis focuses on 1,856 Black female participants and utilizes baseline data as well as three follow-up surveys and exit data. The geographic software ArcGIS 10.0 spatially analyzed each participant's address relative to her three nearest mammography facilities in Baltimore City. With Stata 12.1, bivariate analyses assessed the independent effects of baseline demographics and other health variables on mammography screening adherence. While controlling for these factors, multivariable logistic regression models provided adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for the association between adherence and patient navigation. Adherence was having a mammogram within a year of the questionnaire being conducted. To assess the outcome's sensitivity, two definitions were used: 1) non-adherent at baseline and initiated adherence during follow-up; and 2) adherent at any point during follow-up regardless of baseline status. These models were stratified to assess heterogeneity based on whether or not participants were on average within two miles from their three closest facilities. Results: There were no significant differences in adherence at baseline between the intervention and control arms. Among women who lived on average less than two miles from the three closest facilities, those in the patient navigation arm were more likely to be non-adherent at baseline and become adherent during follow-up than those in the control arm (aOR 2.12; 95% CI 1.08 - 4.18). Among those who lived two or more miles away, women in the patient navigation arm had a stronger effect on adherence initiation than did women in the control arm (aOR 2.67; 95% CI 1.21 - 5.90). For adherence at any point during the study, patient navigation was effective among those who lived less than an average of two miles but was not significantly different than controls (aOR 1.47; 95% CI 0.95 - 2.27). In comparison, those randomized to patient navigation were more likely to adhere at any point in the study than control participants if they lived further from facilities (aOR 1.89; 95% CI 1.15 - 3.10). Conclusions: Our results suggest that among Black female Medicare beneficiaries in Baltimore City, the effect of patient navigation on mammography screening adherence was stronger for those further from facilities. These findings indicate that patient navigation might be helpful among those with more pronounced logistical barriers, including physical distance from health services. Additionally, the analyses suggest potential uses for geographic software in assessing the effectiveness of patient navigation and other community-based interventions. Citation Format: Aracelis Z. Torres, Darcy F. Phelan, Craig E. Pollack, Lee Bone, Jennifer Wenzel, Mollie Howerton, Gary R. Shapiro, Mary A. Garza, Lawrence Johnson, Carlos Castillo-Salgado, Jean G. Ford. Distance to mammography facilities modifies the effect of patient navigation on breast cancer screening adherence among female black Medicare beneficiaries in Baltimore City. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A85.
Bristol University Press eBooks, Jun 30, 2015
Cadernos De Saude Publica, Nov 1, 2015
Health observatories may differ according to their mission, institutional setting, topical emphas... more Health observatories may differ according to their mission, institutional setting, topical emphasis or geographic coverage. This paper discusses the development of a new urban-focused health observatory, and its operational research and training infrastructure under the academic umbrella of the Department of Epidemiology and the Institute of Urban Health at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (BSPH) in Baltimore, USA. Recognizing the higher education mission of the BSPH, the development of a new professional training in public health was an important first step for the development of this observatory. This new academia-based observatory is an innovative public health research and training platform offering faculty, investigators, professional epidemiology students and research partners a physical and methodological infrastructure for their operational research and training activities with both a local urban focus and a global reach. The concept of a public health observatory and its role in addressing social health inequalities in local urban settings is discussed.
Cadernos De Saude Publica, Nov 1, 2015
Health observatories may differ according to their mission, institutional setting, topical emphas... more Health observatories may differ according to their mission, institutional setting, topical emphasis or geographic coverage. This paper discusses the development of a new urban-focused health observatory, and its operational research and training infrastructure under the academic umbrella of the Department of Epidemiology and the Institute of Urban Health at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (BSPH) in Baltimore, USA. Recognizing the higher education mission of the BSPH, the development of a new professional training in public health was an important first step for the development of this observatory. This new academia-based observatory is an innovative public health research and training platform offering faculty, investigators, professional epidemiology students and research partners a physical and methodological infrastructure for their operational research and training activities with both a local urban focus and a global reach. The concept of a public health observatory and its role in addressing social health inequalities in local urban settings is discussed.
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Feb 1, 2019
This often resulted in decrease in vaccinations and reduced trust in public health officials. To ... more This often resulted in decrease in vaccinations and reduced trust in public health officials. To improve future protection of population against flu we urgently need new methods for vaccine efficacy prediction and vaccine virus selection. Methods & Materials: We analyzed the hemagglutinin HA1 region from (i) 2,379 H3N2 viruses collected in Europe and North America from 2014 to February 2018, 804 human and animal H3N2 viruses collected in the US. The informational spectrum method (ISM) is the virtual spectroscopy method for calculation of the long-range properties of biological macromolecules (Veljkovic et al., 1983). The ISM is based on the electron-ion interaction potential (EIIP) representing molecular descriptor which determines long-range interactions (interactions on distances >5Å) between biological molecules.
Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia, 2013
Artigo Original | Original article INTRODUÇÃO O LASIK (Laser in situ keratomileusis) é uma das ci... more Artigo Original | Original article INTRODUÇÃO O LASIK (Laser in situ keratomileusis) é uma das cirurgias refrati vas corneanas mais comuns usadas para correção de miopia. Re centemente, uma nova tecnologia está revolucionando os mais va riados tipos de cirurgias corneanas. O laser de femtosegundo foi introduzido para criação de "flaps" precisos (1,2) , um passo crítico no procedimento cirúrgico. Além de determinar um novo patamar de segurança e qualidade no LASIK, o femtosegundo tem sido usado para várias intervenções corneanas, destacandose o transplante de córnea e a criação de túneis para implante dos segmentos de anéis intracorneanos no tratamento do ceratocone. Ele utiliza um pulso ultrarrápido, menos de um quadrilhão de segundo (10 15 de segun do), de luz infravermelha, que induz a uma fotodisrupção, ou seja, a divisão de um material a nível molecular sem que ocorra grande transferência de calor ou impacto (1,3). Tanna et al., descrevem os re sultados precoces no "flap" criado por femtosecond X microcerátomo no LASIK (3). No entanto, muito poucos estudos mostram o resultado à longo prazo comparando os dois métodos na criação do "flap". RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar comparativamente os resultados cirúrgicos, na técnica LASIK, realizando com laser de femtosegundo e microcerátomo mecânico. Métodos: Estudo clínico, prospectivo, comparativo, randomizado e mascarado de 32 olhos (16 pacientes). Cada paciente foi submetido a diferentes técnicas para o LASIK, em um dos olhos foi utilizado o microcerátomo Hansatome TM Bausch & Lomb (grupo microcerátomo) e no outro foi utilizado femtosegundo FEMTO LDV TM Ziemer (grupo femtosegundo). A triagem ocorreu no setor de Cirurgia Refrativa do Hospital de Olhos do Paraná entre 07/2010 e 09/2010. Os critérios de inclusão foram miopia menor que 6,00 D, astigmatismo menor que 3,00 D, menor que 5,00 D de hipermetropia, refração estável, diâmetro corneano menor que 11 mm, descontinuação de lente de contato sete dias antes da avaliação préoperatória, acuidade visual de no mínimo 20/20 em ambos os olhos. As variáveis analisadas no préoperatório entre os grupos, femtosegundo e microcerátomo foram: acuidade visual sem correção e com correção, equivalente esférico, aberrações totais de alta ordem, acuidade visual de baixo contraste, preferência do paciente e complicações. Resultados: Todas as variáveis estudadas foram similares nos dois grupos. Conclusão: Não foi possível observar neste estudo, diferenças significativas entre os grupos analisados Descritores: Ceratomileuse assistida por excimer laser in situ/métodos; Ceratec tomia fotorrefrativa/métodos; Lasers de excimer; Miopia/cirurgia; Acuidade visual/ fisiologia
Bol. epidemiol.( …, 2004
Base de dados : LILACS. Pesquisa : 413025 [Identificador único]. Referências encontradas : 1 [ref... more Base de dados : LILACS. Pesquisa : 413025 [Identificador único]. Referências encontradas : 1 [refinar]. Mostrando: 1 .. 1 no formato [Detalhado]. página 1 de 1, 1 / 1, LILACS, seleciona. para imprimir. Fotocópia. Texto completo. experimental, Documentos relacionados. Id: 413025 ...
International Journal of Epidemiology, 2019
Background The prediction of future obesity patterns is crucial for effective strategic planning.... more Background The prediction of future obesity patterns is crucial for effective strategic planning. However, disproportionally changing body mass index (BMI) distributions pose particular challenges. Flexible modelling of the shape of BMI distributions may improve prediction performance. Methods We used data from repeated national health surveys conducted in Mexico, Colombia and Peru at four or five time points between 1988 and 2014. Data from all surveys except the last survey were used to construct prediction models for three obesity indicators (median BMI, overweight/obesity prevalence and obesity prevalence) for the time of the last survey. We assessed their performance using predicted curves, absolute prediction errors and comparison of actual and predicted distributions. With one method, we modelled the shape of BMI distributions assuming BMI follows a Box-Cox Power Exponential (BCPE) distribution, whose parameters were modelled as a function of interval or nominal 5-year age gr...
Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica-pan American Journal of Public Health, Dec 1, 2002
Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica-pan American Journal of Public Health, Dec 1, 2002
Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica-pan American Journal of Public Health, Dec 1, 2002
Revista panamericana de salud pública (Impresa), Dec 1, 2002
Epidemiological bulletin, 2001
... (13) Lic. Edna Ruiz. Secretaría de Extensión Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Querátaro... more ... (13) Lic. Edna Ruiz. Secretaría de Extensión Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Querátaro (UAQ); Octubre, 2001. Comunicación personal ([email protected]) (14) Organización Panamericana de la Salud. ... Source: Prepared by Geog. Patricia Najera, Eng. ...
Epidemiological bulletin, 2001
The terrorist acts of 11 September 2001 in the United States have generated a sense of vulnerabil... more The terrorist acts of 11 September 2001 in the United States have generated a sense of vulnerability that is now being enhanced by the widespread concern of bioterrorist attacks. The discovery of several cases of anthrax in the United States, and additional malicious attempts to spread the bacteria by mail have made this threat very real. This is an opportunity for countries to detect, investigate and respond to the occurrence of potentially epidemic diseases.
Epidemiological bulletin, 2001
Health and living conditions in the Region of the Americas have considerably improved in recent d... more Health and living conditions in the Region of the Americas have considerably improved in recent decades. Some infectious diseases have been eradicated or controlled populations have increased development possibilities and various public and health services are now available. During this time life expectancy has increased and infant mortality has continuously declined. The reduction in infant mortality can be seen from different perspectives which include looking at the different levels of aggregation of the data and studying its distribution characteristics in different geographical areas. Based on the methodology and the data used for the health situation analysis presented in Pan American Health Organizations Annual Reports of the Director from 1996-2000 and the 1998 Edition of Health in the Americas this article presents a broader approach of infant mortality analysis with the purpose of detecting health inequalities. (excerpt)
Epidemiological bulletin, 2001
Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology, 2010
In terms of their applicability to the field of tropical medicine, geographical information syste... more In terms of their applicability to the field of tropical medicine, geographical information systems (GIS) have developed enormously in the last two decades. This article reviews some of the pertinent and representative applications of GIS, including the use of such systems and remote sensing for the mapping of Chagas disease and human helminthiases, the use of GIS in vaccine trials, and the global applications of GIS for health-information management, disease epidemiology, and pandemic planning. The future use of GIS as a decision-making tool and some barriers to the widespread implementation of such systems in developing settings are also discussed. Among the contributions that geographical information systems (GIS) make to the field of tropical medicine, their use in detection analysis, geographical visualization, communication and reporting is critical. Over the last decade, GIS have leveraged the power of several important technological innovations, all of which contribute to the increasing role of such systems in public health. These innovations include the wider use and growing capacity of the internet, satellite-based global positioning systems (GPS), various tools for data generation/capture (from satellite imagery to hand-held devices that permit geographically relevant data to be collected and analysed in field settings), and computer software and
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Papers by Carlos CASTILLO-SALGADO