Urbanization, as considered from the economic aspect is good as it facilitates achievement of eco... more Urbanization, as considered from the economic aspect is good as it facilitates achievement of economies and thus promotes growth of industries and development in the economy. However, taking the social point of view urbanization encourage crimes as is evident from the fact that the rate of crime is higher in large cities and in urbanized areas as has been proved by many empirical studies. Urbanization per se is not the only cause for rising trend of crime, but, there are many other determinants alongside urbanization and closely related to it, that have a direct say in the rising trend of crimes in urbanized areas. These are unemployment, inflation and income inequality. However, these related determinants often are associated with urbanization or its consequence, so the root cause remains the process of urbanization. Very often, the question as to why there are more crimes in cities comes to mind which is promptly being answered by the fact that one can count many crime reports in cities as compared to rural area. It could be due to the fact that rural crimes are not properly reported or hyped through media due to which a common perception perpetuates that the crime rate is more in cities. In the recent past, however, many empirical studies were carried out to find out the "urbanization -crime nexus" and it was found that the two are associated terms, although, the universality of that nexus is yet to be established as there are many urbanized areas where the reports of crime are too meager. In this paper, I would delineate various aspects of urbanization which in some way have contributed to the rise of crime rates in cities. In Indian context, during past few years the crime rate has increased within the sphere of urbanized areas which shall also be peeped into during the course of this paper.
In the world where theories related to physiology and biology is studied to enhance the living of... more In the world where theories related to physiology and biology is studied to enhance the living of the people to bring hope for better health. On the other side, the theories within the social science discipline bring hope for better social ties and social relations to unveil the social realities. Marxist theory is one such theory which has inspired the people time and again in every aspect of life. 1 Karl Marx's most celebrated book ‗Das capital' has widened the horizon of thinking rationally for both his followers and even for those who never read anything from it. Marxist theory has been a quest for social change and distributive justice. It has been inspirational to reason the systems and the standards of living to study and to fight the oppression and encourage peoples' understanding and the worth of their being. Marxist theory has stemmed from and shaped its aura encircling the characteristics of social movements as such and yet there is dichotomy in its creation that it does not specifically talk about constituent parts of social movement. This paper works towards the nexus of Marxist theory (Marxism) with that of social movements and presents a lucid picture of -Marxist understanding of the social movements‖.
The aim of this paper is to identify how individuals, households and communities are affected by ... more The aim of this paper is to identify how individuals, households and communities are affected by violent conflict. Conflict and violence affect the welfare characteristics and choices of individuals and households in conflict areas. There are many socio-economic consequences of armed conflict. The armed conflict has a direct effect on health and economy of a household. However, the disturbing consequence of armed conflict can also be seen in the degree of social participation. The conflict hit individual or household find it difficult to be in consonance with the aspects of its society, may it be the participation in social functions or the behaviour towards the society. Conflict hit individual or/and family live in some kind of self styled social isolation by not taking part in the various social and community roles, which was otherwise actively been participated into, before being the victim of conflict. The paper will confine its domain to the impact of armed conflict on three inter-related variables of health, economy and social participation. The paper will also analyze the decline of economic status due to conflict as the causal factor for lesser social participation of these conflict hit individuals and families. Overall, this paper is aimed to explore the relation between the variables of armed conflict, health, economic status and social participation. The relation seems of the type, that the armed conflict affects the health of an individual (loss of human capital) which in turn alters the economic status and hence leads to effect social participation. However, the relation is not generalistic as the armed conflict can affect any of the above variables directly without altering the others. It is pertinent to mention here that the data for the current paper has been collected only from those households who happen to be direct victims of conflict. The victimization was in the form of death of a family member, disappearance of a family member or physical or psychological disease of a family member.
Urbanization, as considered from the economic aspect is good as it facilitates achievement of eco... more Urbanization, as considered from the economic aspect is good as it facilitates achievement of economies and thus promotes growth of industries and development in the economy. However, taking the social point of view urbanization encourage crimes as is evident from the fact that the rate of crime is higher in large cities and in urbanized areas as has been proved by many empirical studies. Urbanization per se is not the only cause for rising trend of crime, but, there are many other determinants alongside urbanization and closely related to it, that have a direct say in the rising trend of crimes in urbanized areas. These are unemployment, inflation and income inequality. However, these related determinants often are associated with urbanization or its consequence, so the root cause remains the process of urbanization. Very often, the question as to why there are more crimes in cities comes to mind which is promptly being answered by the fact that one can count many crime reports in cities as compared to rural area. It could be due to the fact that rural crimes are not properly reported or hyped through media due to which a common perception perpetuates that the crime rate is more in cities. In the recent past, however, many empirical studies were carried out to find out the "urbanization -crime nexus" and it was found that the two are associated terms, although, the universality of that nexus is yet to be established as there are many urbanized areas where the reports of crime are too meager. In this paper, I would delineate various aspects of urbanization which in some way have contributed to the rise of crime rates in cities. In Indian context, during past few years the crime rate has increased within the sphere of urbanized areas which shall also be peeped into during the course of this paper.
In the world where theories related to physiology and biology is studied to enhance the living of... more In the world where theories related to physiology and biology is studied to enhance the living of the people to bring hope for better health. On the other side, the theories within the social science discipline bring hope for better social ties and social relations to unveil the social realities. Marxist theory is one such theory which has inspired the people time and again in every aspect of life. 1 Karl Marx's most celebrated book ‗Das capital' has widened the horizon of thinking rationally for both his followers and even for those who never read anything from it. Marxist theory has been a quest for social change and distributive justice. It has been inspirational to reason the systems and the standards of living to study and to fight the oppression and encourage peoples' understanding and the worth of their being. Marxist theory has stemmed from and shaped its aura encircling the characteristics of social movements as such and yet there is dichotomy in its creation that it does not specifically talk about constituent parts of social movement. This paper works towards the nexus of Marxist theory (Marxism) with that of social movements and presents a lucid picture of -Marxist understanding of the social movements‖.
The aim of this paper is to identify how individuals, households and communities are affected by ... more The aim of this paper is to identify how individuals, households and communities are affected by violent conflict. Conflict and violence affect the welfare characteristics and choices of individuals and households in conflict areas. There are many socio-economic consequences of armed conflict. The armed conflict has a direct effect on health and economy of a household. However, the disturbing consequence of armed conflict can also be seen in the degree of social participation. The conflict hit individual or household find it difficult to be in consonance with the aspects of its society, may it be the participation in social functions or the behaviour towards the society. Conflict hit individual or/and family live in some kind of self styled social isolation by not taking part in the various social and community roles, which was otherwise actively been participated into, before being the victim of conflict. The paper will confine its domain to the impact of armed conflict on three inter-related variables of health, economy and social participation. The paper will also analyze the decline of economic status due to conflict as the causal factor for lesser social participation of these conflict hit individuals and families. Overall, this paper is aimed to explore the relation between the variables of armed conflict, health, economic status and social participation. The relation seems of the type, that the armed conflict affects the health of an individual (loss of human capital) which in turn alters the economic status and hence leads to effect social participation. However, the relation is not generalistic as the armed conflict can affect any of the above variables directly without altering the others. It is pertinent to mention here that the data for the current paper has been collected only from those households who happen to be direct victims of conflict. The victimization was in the form of death of a family member, disappearance of a family member or physical or psychological disease of a family member.
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Papers by Ajaz A Malik