Levodopa (LD) is the gold standard for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Genetic polymor... more Levodopa (LD) is the gold standard for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Genetic polymorphisms in the SLC6A3 gene (Solute carrier family 6 member 3/DAT-Dopamine Transporter gene) are shown to have a functional impact on levodopa therapeutic response, motor complications of PD and adverse events. Hence the present study was carried out to investigate the association of SLC6A3 polymorphisms with the pharmacokinetics of levodopa and clinical response. A total of 150 PD patients were recruited in the study. Plasma levodopa was analysed by HPLC at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h post levodopa administration and AUC was calculated. Genotyping of SLC6A3 40 bp VNTR and SLC6A3 rs393795 (G>T) polymorphisms was done by the PCR-RFLP method. The result shows that AUC of levodopa was significantly higher in patients carrying homozygous10/10 genotype (P =0008) compared to 9/9 genotype of SLC6A3 40 bp VNTR polymorphism. A similar difference was also observed in early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) and late-onset Parkinson's disease (LOPD) groups. SLC6A310/10 genotype was found to be significantly associated with disease severity (P =0.05) compared with the 9/10 genotype in the EOPD group, however, there was no significant association with dyskinesia. To conclude, patients carrying SLC6A3 40VNTR 10/10 genotype were found to have higher levodopa exposure, disease severity and prone to further neurodegeneration.
The literal meaning of 'Quran' is 'That which is read'. It is the holy book for M... more The literal meaning of 'Quran' is 'That which is read'. It is the holy book for Muslims and is the final revelation. Every Muslim has firm faith in it. Muslims believe this book as "words of Allah". Muslims believe the Quran was verbally revealed by Allah to Mohammad (SAWW) through angel Gibriel gradually over a period of approximately 23 years. There are total 114 Surah (Chapters) in all out of which 86 are Makki and 28 are Madani. In other words 86 Chapters were revealed in Makka and 28 in Madina, both the holy cities for Muslims across the globe. Quran, has encouraged people of all ages to think about the creature of Allah, to take the lessons from history and to make the present most favaroubale for human beings. The present paper is an attempt to discuss the Universal message of Quran by giving different instances from the Quranic Text. Descriptive method has been applied to fulfil the purpose to through light on the widespread significance of the Qura...
The literal meaning of 'Quran' is 'That which is read'. It is the holy book for Muslims and is th... more The literal meaning of 'Quran' is 'That which is read'. It is the holy book for Muslims and is the final revelation. Every Muslim has firm faith in it. Muslims believe this book as " words of Allah ". Muslims believe the Quran was verbally revealed by Allah to Mohammad (SAWW) through angel Gibriel gradually over a period of approximately 23 years. There are total 114 Surah (Chapters) in all out of which 86 are Makki and 28 are Madani. In other words 86 Chapters were revealed in Makka and 28 in Madina, both the holy cities for Muslims across the globe. Quran, has encouraged people of all ages to think about the creature of Allah, to take the lessons from history and to make the present most favaroubale for human beings. The present paper is an attempt to discuss the Universal message of Quran by giving different instances from the Quranic Text. Descriptive method has been applied to fulfil the purpose to through light on the widespread significance of the Quran.
Levodopa (LD) is the gold standard for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Genetic polymor... more Levodopa (LD) is the gold standard for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Genetic polymorphisms in the SLC6A3 gene (Solute carrier family 6 member 3/DAT-Dopamine Transporter gene) are shown to have a functional impact on levodopa therapeutic response, motor complications of PD and adverse events. Hence the present study was carried out to investigate the association of SLC6A3 polymorphisms with the pharmacokinetics of levodopa and clinical response. A total of 150 PD patients were recruited in the study. Plasma levodopa was analysed by HPLC at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h post levodopa administration and AUC was calculated. Genotyping of SLC6A3 40 bp VNTR and SLC6A3 rs393795 (G>T) polymorphisms was done by the PCR-RFLP method. The result shows that AUC of levodopa was significantly higher in patients carrying homozygous10/10 genotype (P =0008) compared to 9/9 genotype of SLC6A3 40 bp VNTR polymorphism. A similar difference was also observed in early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) and late-onset Parkinson's disease (LOPD) groups. SLC6A310/10 genotype was found to be significantly associated with disease severity (P =0.05) compared with the 9/10 genotype in the EOPD group, however, there was no significant association with dyskinesia. To conclude, patients carrying SLC6A3 40VNTR 10/10 genotype were found to have higher levodopa exposure, disease severity and prone to further neurodegeneration.
The literal meaning of 'Quran' is 'That which is read'. It is the holy book for M... more The literal meaning of 'Quran' is 'That which is read'. It is the holy book for Muslims and is the final revelation. Every Muslim has firm faith in it. Muslims believe this book as "words of Allah". Muslims believe the Quran was verbally revealed by Allah to Mohammad (SAWW) through angel Gibriel gradually over a period of approximately 23 years. There are total 114 Surah (Chapters) in all out of which 86 are Makki and 28 are Madani. In other words 86 Chapters were revealed in Makka and 28 in Madina, both the holy cities for Muslims across the globe. Quran, has encouraged people of all ages to think about the creature of Allah, to take the lessons from history and to make the present most favaroubale for human beings. The present paper is an attempt to discuss the Universal message of Quran by giving different instances from the Quranic Text. Descriptive method has been applied to fulfil the purpose to through light on the widespread significance of the Qura...
The literal meaning of 'Quran' is 'That which is read'. It is the holy book for Muslims and is th... more The literal meaning of 'Quran' is 'That which is read'. It is the holy book for Muslims and is the final revelation. Every Muslim has firm faith in it. Muslims believe this book as " words of Allah ". Muslims believe the Quran was verbally revealed by Allah to Mohammad (SAWW) through angel Gibriel gradually over a period of approximately 23 years. There are total 114 Surah (Chapters) in all out of which 86 are Makki and 28 are Madani. In other words 86 Chapters were revealed in Makka and 28 in Madina, both the holy cities for Muslims across the globe. Quran, has encouraged people of all ages to think about the creature of Allah, to take the lessons from history and to make the present most favaroubale for human beings. The present paper is an attempt to discuss the Universal message of Quran by giving different instances from the Quranic Text. Descriptive method has been applied to fulfil the purpose to through light on the widespread significance of the Quran.
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Papers by Syed Tazeem