In the aircraft sector, honeycomb composite materials are frequently employed. Recent research ha... more In the aircraft sector, honeycomb composite materials are frequently employed. Recent research has demonstrated the benefits of honeycomb structures in applications involving nanohole arrays in anodized alumina, micro-porous arrays in polymer thin films, activated carbon honeycombs, and photonic band gap honeycomb structures. The resolvability parameter is the area of graph theory that is most commonly explored. This results in an original network reconfiguration. Occasionally in terms of atoms (metric dimension), and sometimes in terms of bounds (edge metric dimension). In this article, we examined the honeycomb rhombic torus's metric, edge metric, mixed metric, and partition dimension. The application of edge metric dimension is also discussed in it. INDEX TERMS Edge metric dimension, honeycomb rhombic torus, metric dimension, mixed metric dimension, partition dimension, resolving set.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Abstract Improved rice lines were developed frome three parents with the resistance or tolerance ... more Abstract Improved rice lines were developed frome three parents with the resistance or tolerance to bacterial leaf blight, blast and drought stress, respectively, using single-, double- and three-way crosses. The improved lines were assessed for agro-morphological and yield traits under non-drought stress (NS) and reproductive-stage drought stress (RS) treatments. The mean comparison of traits measured between parent plants and progenies (improved lines) were similar, and there were significant and non-significant differences among the parents and improved lines (genotypes) under NS and RS. Smilarly, there was significant and non-significant differences in the interaction among both parent varieties and improved lines for NS and RS. Cluster and 3D-model of principal component analysis did not generate categorical clusters according to crossing methods, and there were no exclusive crossing method inclined variations under the treatments. The improved lines were high-yielding, disease resistant, and drought-tolerant compared with their parents. All the crossing methods were good for this crop improvement program without preference to any, despite the number of genes introgressed.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Plant breeding, particularly oil palm, takes up to 20 years per cycle for phenotypic selection wh... more Plant breeding, particularly oil palm, takes up to 20 years per cycle for phenotypic selection which is characterized by low planting densities and longer generations. This, however, has numerous consequences such as limited breeding intensity and reduced number of generations that can be reached in between two breeding stages. In the attempt to reconcile the rapid achievement of varietal outputs and the long-term improvement of the tropical tree crops programme, the recurrent selection schemes were adopted. This paper presents an overview of recurrent selection with emphasis on modified reciprocal recurrent selection which is widely used in oil palm. Based on this background, the objectives of this breeding method were highlighted, and some achievements recorded through the method were elaborated.
The p-type networks are designed with the help of CVNET at topo group Cluj and also given support... more The p-type networks are designed with the help of CVNET at topo group Cluj and also given support by nano studio. Such networks develop new p-type surfaces and also represent the decorations of the surfaces. This patched network is designed by two repeated units. The first one is triphenylene having a Z-pen formula and the second one is triphenylene with A-phe. Furthermore, these decorations are acquired as the result of map operations represented in the CVNET software, while its assembling is conducted with the help of the nano studio program. In the literature, its topology is discussed by Omega polynomials which is an applied graph theory topic. Another most applied topic of graph theory is known as the resolvability parameter. So this article studied the resolvability parameters of patched networks, such as metric dimension, and edge metric dimension. These parameters are defined as a resolving set is a subset of vertices of a graph with a condition that each vertex of that graph has a unique code or representation with respect to the chosen subset. Its minimum cardinality is known as metric dimension, while the edge metric dimension is defined by the minimum count of members in the edge resolving set and this set is defined as according to a chosen subset each edge of a graph has unique representations, then this set is known as edge resolving set. A resolving set is a subset of vertices of a graph with a condition that each edge of that graph has a unique code or representation with respect to the chosen subset. It is minimum cardinality is known as the edge metric dimension.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
This research was conducted to study the performance of biparental dura × pisifera (D × P) progen... more This research was conducted to study the performance of biparental dura × pisifera (D × P) progenies and their parental genetic origins on fruit set and yield components. Twenty-four D × P progenies developed from 10 genetic origins were used for this study. Analysis of variance showed that there was genetic variability based on the evaluation of individual progenies. Deli Ulu Remis × Nigeria of progeny ECPHP500 recorded the highest bunch number (22.91), and fresh fruit bunch (184.62 kg palm −1 year −1) and Deli Banting dura × AVROS pisifera (ECPHP550) had the highest average bunch weight (10.36 kg bunch −1). Progenies PK4674 (61.12%) and PK4465 (60.93%) had the highest fruit set, and the highest oil yield of 52.66 kg palm −1 year −1 was noticed by progeny PK4674. Estimation of variance components, coefficients of variation, heritability, and genetic gain were calculated to establish the genetic variability. To validate the genetic disparity among the progenies, an unweighted pair-group procedure with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) and principal component was employed based on their quantitative traits. Through the UPGMA and principal component, the 24 progenies were clustered into 7 clusters, whereas cluster V had the highest fruit set (60.62%) and cluster IV had the highest oil yield (43.71 kg palm −1 year −1). For oil palm tissue culture and breeding programs, progeny PK4674 will be more useful for developing planting materials of high oil yielding with stable performance. However, we recommend that future studies incorporate molecular studies with conventional breeding.
The p-type networks are designed with the help of CVNET at topo group Cluj and also given support... more The p-type networks are designed with the help of CVNET at topo group Cluj and also given support by nano studio. Such networks develop new p-type surfaces and also represent the decorations of the surfaces. This patched network is designed by two repeated units. The first one is triphenylene having a Z-pen formula and the second one is triphenylene with A-phe. Furthermore, these decorations are acquired as the result of map operations represented in the CVNET software, while its assembling is conducted with the help of the nano studio program. In the literature, its topology is discussed by Omega polynomials which is an applied graph theory topic. Another most applied topic of graph theory is known as the resolvability parameter. So this article studied the resolvability parameters of patched networks, such as metric dimension, and edge metric dimension. These parameters are defined as a resolving set is a subset of vertices of a graph with a condition that each vertex of that graph has a unique code or representation with respect to the chosen subset. Its minimum cardinality is known as metric dimension, while the edge metric dimension is defined by the minimum count of members in the edge resolving set and this set is defined as according to a chosen subset each edge of a graph has unique representations, then this set is known as edge resolving set. A resolving set is a subset of vertices of a graph with a condition that each edge of that graph has a unique code or representation with respect to the chosen subset. It is minimum cardinality is known as the edge metric dimension.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Metal organic structures and networks are extensively studied in modern chemistry. ese networks a... more Metal organic structures and networks are extensively studied in modern chemistry. ese networks are extremely adaptable and useful in a variety of elds. Metal organic networks are thought to be the home of gases, and this structure is also engaged in gas puri cation and separation. e fact that they have so much utility and applicability stems from that they have so many distinct properties, such as exchanging ions and altering organic ligands. is structure's chemical and physical properties are considered. ere are extensive, time-consuming, and costly experiments available to investigate these physical and chemical properties. To avoid these complex experiments and tests, a mathematical study provides approximate details of these chemical and physical behaviors of a structure, which is known as topological descriptors. In this work, we discussed the metal organic network's line graph and studied the structural properties of the resulted network with the help of topological descriptors.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Water management is rapidly becoming one of the most pressing issues facing all countries in semi... more Water management is rapidly becoming one of the most pressing issues facing all countries in semi-arid and arid parts of the world. Global water consumption is predicted to increase by 50% in 2030, resulting in an acute water shortage. Presently, the agricultural sector consumes more than 70% of freshwater in most regions of the world, putting more pressure on water scarcity. Hydrogels are superabsorbent polymers that can hold plant nutrients and water when the soil around plant roots starts to dry out. Research evidence has revealed that water stored by hydrogel slowly returns to the soil, thereby increasing the volumetric water content of the soil. Hydrogel increases water use efficiency and irrigation intervals, decreases irrigation costs, and provides plants with the required nutrients and moisture. Numerous properties of hydrogels, including moderate water retention and high swelling, make them ideal as a safe delivery mechanism in agriculture for soil conditioners and agents f...
Abstract Improved rice lines were developed frome three parents with the resistance or tolerance ... more Abstract Improved rice lines were developed frome three parents with the resistance or tolerance to bacterial leaf blight, blast and drought stress, respectively, using single-, double- and three-way crosses. The improved lines were assessed for agro-morphological and yield traits under non-drought stress (NS) and reproductive-stage drought stress (RS) treatments. The mean comparison of traits measured between parent plants and progenies (improved lines) were similar, and there were significant and non-significant differences among the parents and improved lines (genotypes) under NS and RS. Smilarly, there was significant and non-significant differences in the interaction among both parent varieties and improved lines for NS and RS. Cluster and 3D-model of principal component analysis did not generate categorical clusters according to crossing methods, and there were no exclusive crossing method inclined variations under the treatments. The improved lines were high-yielding, disease resistant, and drought-tolerant compared with their parents. All the crossing methods were good for this crop improvement program without preference to any, despite the number of genes introgressed.
One of the most important and widely known plantation crops with high revenue returns is the Elae... more One of the most important and widely known plantation crops with high revenue returns is the Elaeis guineensis palm. To date, yield variability in fresh fruit bunches (YFFB) in Malaysian oil palm plantations is one of the key influences in low palm oil yield. Accordingly, an assessment of dura×pisifera progenies and their genetic origins on oil palm yield was investigated. Twenty-four derived progenies from 10 genetic sources were adopted as F1 hybrid-single generation and the standard approach for data collection of the yield and yield traits was followed for three sequential years. Variance analysis showed genetic differences between the progenies and their origins. Amid the progenies analyzed, 45.83% had YFFB above the trial mean. Progeny HPDP500 had the highest YFFB (191.74 kg/palm/year) and the highest bunch number (YBNO) was recorded in PKDP4474 (20.65 bunches/palm/year), and HPDP500 (20.53 bunches/palm/year). In year one and year three, the highest YFFB was reported, while in...
Graph operations are utilized for developing complicated graph structures from basic graphs, and ... more Graph operations are utilized for developing complicated graph structures from basic graphs, and these basic graphs can help to understand the properties of complex networks. While on the other side, the topological descriptor is known as a numeric value that is associated with the graph of a network. It has enormous practical applications in chemistry and other fields of science. This particular work in this draft is the extended work and investigated the first, second, first multiplicative, first reformulated Zagreb indices, and the forgotten index of subdivision double corona and subdivision double neighborhood corona products.
International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology
Elaedobius kamerunicus (EK) is the most effective oil palm pollinator, and has positively improve... more Elaedobius kamerunicus (EK) is the most effective oil palm pollinator, and has positively improved the rate of pollination and oil yield. However, the decline in the oil palm fruit set and oil yield is alarming in oil palm industries. Therefore, this study investigated the EK population abundance and its impact on the oil palm fruit set. A significant variation in EK population was observed among the biparental families and a decline in its population abundance. The highest mean number of EK per palm was recorded on Day-three and family ECPHP500 recorded the highest (2367.94 ± 140.74). The total population means of EK was 36830.14 ± 851.68 per hectare and ECPHP550 recorded the highest at 52,189.64 weevils per hectare.A simple linear regression and correlation coefficient (r) analysis indicated declines in the efficiency of the weevil and it accounted for 31% of the variation in fruit to bunch, 25% in average bunch weight, 37% infertile fruit, and 33% of the total variation in oil pa...
In the aircraft sector, honeycomb composite materials are frequently employed. Recent research ha... more In the aircraft sector, honeycomb composite materials are frequently employed. Recent research has demonstrated the benefits of honeycomb structures in applications involving nanohole arrays in anodized alumina, micro-porous arrays in polymer thin films, activated carbon honeycombs, and photonic band gap honeycomb structures. The resolvability parameter is the area of graph theory that is most commonly explored. This results in an original network reconfiguration. Occasionally in terms of atoms (metric dimension), and sometimes in terms of bounds (edge metric dimension). In this article, we examined the honeycomb rhombic torus's metric, edge metric, mixed metric, and partition dimension. The application of edge metric dimension is also discussed in it. INDEX TERMS Edge metric dimension, honeycomb rhombic torus, metric dimension, mixed metric dimension, partition dimension, resolving set.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Abstract Improved rice lines were developed frome three parents with the resistance or tolerance ... more Abstract Improved rice lines were developed frome three parents with the resistance or tolerance to bacterial leaf blight, blast and drought stress, respectively, using single-, double- and three-way crosses. The improved lines were assessed for agro-morphological and yield traits under non-drought stress (NS) and reproductive-stage drought stress (RS) treatments. The mean comparison of traits measured between parent plants and progenies (improved lines) were similar, and there were significant and non-significant differences among the parents and improved lines (genotypes) under NS and RS. Smilarly, there was significant and non-significant differences in the interaction among both parent varieties and improved lines for NS and RS. Cluster and 3D-model of principal component analysis did not generate categorical clusters according to crossing methods, and there were no exclusive crossing method inclined variations under the treatments. The improved lines were high-yielding, disease resistant, and drought-tolerant compared with their parents. All the crossing methods were good for this crop improvement program without preference to any, despite the number of genes introgressed.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Plant breeding, particularly oil palm, takes up to 20 years per cycle for phenotypic selection wh... more Plant breeding, particularly oil palm, takes up to 20 years per cycle for phenotypic selection which is characterized by low planting densities and longer generations. This, however, has numerous consequences such as limited breeding intensity and reduced number of generations that can be reached in between two breeding stages. In the attempt to reconcile the rapid achievement of varietal outputs and the long-term improvement of the tropical tree crops programme, the recurrent selection schemes were adopted. This paper presents an overview of recurrent selection with emphasis on modified reciprocal recurrent selection which is widely used in oil palm. Based on this background, the objectives of this breeding method were highlighted, and some achievements recorded through the method were elaborated.
The p-type networks are designed with the help of CVNET at topo group Cluj and also given support... more The p-type networks are designed with the help of CVNET at topo group Cluj and also given support by nano studio. Such networks develop new p-type surfaces and also represent the decorations of the surfaces. This patched network is designed by two repeated units. The first one is triphenylene having a Z-pen formula and the second one is triphenylene with A-phe. Furthermore, these decorations are acquired as the result of map operations represented in the CVNET software, while its assembling is conducted with the help of the nano studio program. In the literature, its topology is discussed by Omega polynomials which is an applied graph theory topic. Another most applied topic of graph theory is known as the resolvability parameter. So this article studied the resolvability parameters of patched networks, such as metric dimension, and edge metric dimension. These parameters are defined as a resolving set is a subset of vertices of a graph with a condition that each vertex of that graph has a unique code or representation with respect to the chosen subset. Its minimum cardinality is known as metric dimension, while the edge metric dimension is defined by the minimum count of members in the edge resolving set and this set is defined as according to a chosen subset each edge of a graph has unique representations, then this set is known as edge resolving set. A resolving set is a subset of vertices of a graph with a condition that each edge of that graph has a unique code or representation with respect to the chosen subset. It is minimum cardinality is known as the edge metric dimension.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
This research was conducted to study the performance of biparental dura × pisifera (D × P) progen... more This research was conducted to study the performance of biparental dura × pisifera (D × P) progenies and their parental genetic origins on fruit set and yield components. Twenty-four D × P progenies developed from 10 genetic origins were used for this study. Analysis of variance showed that there was genetic variability based on the evaluation of individual progenies. Deli Ulu Remis × Nigeria of progeny ECPHP500 recorded the highest bunch number (22.91), and fresh fruit bunch (184.62 kg palm −1 year −1) and Deli Banting dura × AVROS pisifera (ECPHP550) had the highest average bunch weight (10.36 kg bunch −1). Progenies PK4674 (61.12%) and PK4465 (60.93%) had the highest fruit set, and the highest oil yield of 52.66 kg palm −1 year −1 was noticed by progeny PK4674. Estimation of variance components, coefficients of variation, heritability, and genetic gain were calculated to establish the genetic variability. To validate the genetic disparity among the progenies, an unweighted pair-group procedure with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) and principal component was employed based on their quantitative traits. Through the UPGMA and principal component, the 24 progenies were clustered into 7 clusters, whereas cluster V had the highest fruit set (60.62%) and cluster IV had the highest oil yield (43.71 kg palm −1 year −1). For oil palm tissue culture and breeding programs, progeny PK4674 will be more useful for developing planting materials of high oil yielding with stable performance. However, we recommend that future studies incorporate molecular studies with conventional breeding.
The p-type networks are designed with the help of CVNET at topo group Cluj and also given support... more The p-type networks are designed with the help of CVNET at topo group Cluj and also given support by nano studio. Such networks develop new p-type surfaces and also represent the decorations of the surfaces. This patched network is designed by two repeated units. The first one is triphenylene having a Z-pen formula and the second one is triphenylene with A-phe. Furthermore, these decorations are acquired as the result of map operations represented in the CVNET software, while its assembling is conducted with the help of the nano studio program. In the literature, its topology is discussed by Omega polynomials which is an applied graph theory topic. Another most applied topic of graph theory is known as the resolvability parameter. So this article studied the resolvability parameters of patched networks, such as metric dimension, and edge metric dimension. These parameters are defined as a resolving set is a subset of vertices of a graph with a condition that each vertex of that graph has a unique code or representation with respect to the chosen subset. Its minimum cardinality is known as metric dimension, while the edge metric dimension is defined by the minimum count of members in the edge resolving set and this set is defined as according to a chosen subset each edge of a graph has unique representations, then this set is known as edge resolving set. A resolving set is a subset of vertices of a graph with a condition that each edge of that graph has a unique code or representation with respect to the chosen subset. It is minimum cardinality is known as the edge metric dimension.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Metal organic structures and networks are extensively studied in modern chemistry. ese networks a... more Metal organic structures and networks are extensively studied in modern chemistry. ese networks are extremely adaptable and useful in a variety of elds. Metal organic networks are thought to be the home of gases, and this structure is also engaged in gas puri cation and separation. e fact that they have so much utility and applicability stems from that they have so many distinct properties, such as exchanging ions and altering organic ligands. is structure's chemical and physical properties are considered. ere are extensive, time-consuming, and costly experiments available to investigate these physical and chemical properties. To avoid these complex experiments and tests, a mathematical study provides approximate details of these chemical and physical behaviors of a structure, which is known as topological descriptors. In this work, we discussed the metal organic network's line graph and studied the structural properties of the resulted network with the help of topological descriptors.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Water management is rapidly becoming one of the most pressing issues facing all countries in semi... more Water management is rapidly becoming one of the most pressing issues facing all countries in semi-arid and arid parts of the world. Global water consumption is predicted to increase by 50% in 2030, resulting in an acute water shortage. Presently, the agricultural sector consumes more than 70% of freshwater in most regions of the world, putting more pressure on water scarcity. Hydrogels are superabsorbent polymers that can hold plant nutrients and water when the soil around plant roots starts to dry out. Research evidence has revealed that water stored by hydrogel slowly returns to the soil, thereby increasing the volumetric water content of the soil. Hydrogel increases water use efficiency and irrigation intervals, decreases irrigation costs, and provides plants with the required nutrients and moisture. Numerous properties of hydrogels, including moderate water retention and high swelling, make them ideal as a safe delivery mechanism in agriculture for soil conditioners and agents f...
Abstract Improved rice lines were developed frome three parents with the resistance or tolerance ... more Abstract Improved rice lines were developed frome three parents with the resistance or tolerance to bacterial leaf blight, blast and drought stress, respectively, using single-, double- and three-way crosses. The improved lines were assessed for agro-morphological and yield traits under non-drought stress (NS) and reproductive-stage drought stress (RS) treatments. The mean comparison of traits measured between parent plants and progenies (improved lines) were similar, and there were significant and non-significant differences among the parents and improved lines (genotypes) under NS and RS. Smilarly, there was significant and non-significant differences in the interaction among both parent varieties and improved lines for NS and RS. Cluster and 3D-model of principal component analysis did not generate categorical clusters according to crossing methods, and there were no exclusive crossing method inclined variations under the treatments. The improved lines were high-yielding, disease resistant, and drought-tolerant compared with their parents. All the crossing methods were good for this crop improvement program without preference to any, despite the number of genes introgressed.
One of the most important and widely known plantation crops with high revenue returns is the Elae... more One of the most important and widely known plantation crops with high revenue returns is the Elaeis guineensis palm. To date, yield variability in fresh fruit bunches (YFFB) in Malaysian oil palm plantations is one of the key influences in low palm oil yield. Accordingly, an assessment of dura×pisifera progenies and their genetic origins on oil palm yield was investigated. Twenty-four derived progenies from 10 genetic sources were adopted as F1 hybrid-single generation and the standard approach for data collection of the yield and yield traits was followed for three sequential years. Variance analysis showed genetic differences between the progenies and their origins. Amid the progenies analyzed, 45.83% had YFFB above the trial mean. Progeny HPDP500 had the highest YFFB (191.74 kg/palm/year) and the highest bunch number (YBNO) was recorded in PKDP4474 (20.65 bunches/palm/year), and HPDP500 (20.53 bunches/palm/year). In year one and year three, the highest YFFB was reported, while in...
Graph operations are utilized for developing complicated graph structures from basic graphs, and ... more Graph operations are utilized for developing complicated graph structures from basic graphs, and these basic graphs can help to understand the properties of complex networks. While on the other side, the topological descriptor is known as a numeric value that is associated with the graph of a network. It has enormous practical applications in chemistry and other fields of science. This particular work in this draft is the extended work and investigated the first, second, first multiplicative, first reformulated Zagreb indices, and the forgotten index of subdivision double corona and subdivision double neighborhood corona products.
International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology
Elaedobius kamerunicus (EK) is the most effective oil palm pollinator, and has positively improve... more Elaedobius kamerunicus (EK) is the most effective oil palm pollinator, and has positively improved the rate of pollination and oil yield. However, the decline in the oil palm fruit set and oil yield is alarming in oil palm industries. Therefore, this study investigated the EK population abundance and its impact on the oil palm fruit set. A significant variation in EK population was observed among the biparental families and a decline in its population abundance. The highest mean number of EK per palm was recorded on Day-three and family ECPHP500 recorded the highest (2367.94 ± 140.74). The total population means of EK was 36830.14 ± 851.68 per hectare and ECPHP550 recorded the highest at 52,189.64 weevils per hectare.A simple linear regression and correlation coefficient (r) analysis indicated declines in the efficiency of the weevil and it accounted for 31% of the variation in fruit to bunch, 25% in average bunch weight, 37% infertile fruit, and 33% of the total variation in oil pa...
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