Over the course of less than a quarter of a century, two Brazilian Heads of State – Fernando Coll... more Over the course of less than a quarter of a century, two Brazilian Heads of State – Fernando Collor in 1992 and Dilma Rousseff in 2016 – have been removed from office by impeachment. There has been much controversy surrounding both proceedings, particularly the latter. The article seeks to discuss briefly the history of the proceeding of impeachment in Brazil and its significance for the country’s political life after 1988. Through an analysis of the impeachment cases of President Fernando Collor and President Dilma Rousseff, and overview of the literature on impeachment in Latin America, the paper will address the similarities and differences present in both cases in which a Brazilian Head of State was removed from office. The last part of the article will further discuss the disputes among Brazilian jurists triggered by differing evaluations of this legal measure and, in particular, the more recent case of its implementation in Brazil.
10 kwietnia 2010 r. minęło 100 dni rządów Dilmy Rousseff, pierwszej kobiety, która objęła najwyżs... more 10 kwietnia 2010 r. minęło 100 dni rządów Dilmy Rousseff, pierwszej kobiety, która objęła najwyższy urząd w Federacyjnej Republice Brazylii. W pierwszym oficjalnym przemówieniu adresowanym do brazylijskich obywateli w dniu objęcia stanowiska, 1 stycznia 2011 roku, pani prezydent zadeklarowała gotowość kontynuowania polityki prowadzonej przez swego poprzednika, Luiza Inácia Lulę da Silvę, cieszącego się szczególną popularnością wśród mieszkańców największego państwa Ameryki Łacińskiej
Cultural and social miscegenation is considered the key feature reflecting the complexity of the ... more Cultural and social miscegenation is considered the key feature reflecting the complexity of the Brazilian identity. In its external dimension, defining the state’s sense of distinctiveness at the international stage, this richness has been expressed through numerous definitions of the state’s sense of belonging and opened up multiple options for Brazil’s foreign policy. The chapter seeks to highlight two main ways of defining the state’s international identity in the 20th and 21st century: Americanism and globalism and their impact on the state’s external activism. The first part of the article addresses the controversies around the notion of the identity of a collective entity – the national state. The second part of the paper discusses the selection of strategies aimed at the pursuit of the state’s national interest. It argues that these strategies are determined by narratives proposed by 20th-century intellectuals concerning the international position and profile of Brazil and s...
Choć nazywana obszarem pokoju, w którym prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia konfliktu międzypaństwoweg... more Choć nazywana obszarem pokoju, w którym prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia konfliktu międzypaństwowego jest niezwykle niskie, Ameryka Łacińska pozostaje najniebezpieczniejszym regionem świata. Na takie twierdzenie pozwalają publikowane przez Biuro Narodów Zjednoczonych do spraw Narkotyków i Przestępczości (UNODC) dane dotyczące wskaźnika zabójstw na 100 000 mieszkańców. Z raportu za 2017 rok wynika, że wskaźnik ten w Ameryce Południowej (24,2) był wyższy niż w Afryce (13,0), Europie (3,0) czy Azji (2,3). Mimo że zagwarantowanie bezpieczeństwa osobistego jest jednym z fundamentalnych obowiązków państwa, nie znajduje on odzwierciedlenia w praktyce. Rzeczywistość w Ameryce Łacińskiej, w której przemoc przybiera bardzo zróżnicowane formy, jest przy tym niezwykle złożona. Ta rzeczywistość stanowi temat niniejszej książki. Autorzy poszczególnych rozdziałów pochylają się nad zagadnieniem przemocy i bezpieczeństwa, aby przybliżyć czytelnikowi źródła przemocy, jej - niekiedy nieoczywiste - rodza...
Anuario Latinoamericano – Ciencias Políticas y Relaciones Internacionales, 2021
The paper seeks to investigate changes in Brazil's activism within the UN Human Rights Council (H... more The paper seeks to investigate changes in Brazil's activism within the UN Human Rights Council (HRC) between 2006 and 2020 and addresses the modifications of status-seeking strategies (of social mobility, creativity, and competition) applied by the state within this international body. My claim is that Brazil under the Bolsonaro administration chose the role of the defender of the faith advocating for a recreation of the global human rights protection system over being a good international citizen committed to the maintenance and development of this system. This role was selected in conformity with a populist political agenda based on a conservative set of values that the state's diplomacy had to promote. The changes, exemplified by Brazil's conduct within the HRC since 2019, undermined the state's prestige and moral authority that led to status losses.
Taking office on the 1 st of January 2003, President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, from the leftist ... more Taking office on the 1 st of January 2003, President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, from the leftist Workers Party, declared that his administration would implement major policy shifts, including a redefinition of focal points of Brazilian foreign policy. Among changes that were to come in the country's international agenda, reconceptualising and strengthening ties with Africa was one of the main objectives 1. These political declarations appeared when the president took off for his first official visit to the continent, accompanied by the members of the government and representatives of the business sector. By the end of his second term in 2010, with thirteen official journeys to the continent and twenty-three countries visited, President Lula became the Brazilian head of state who travelled to Africa many more times than his predecessors put together 2. The quest for stronger ties with Africa, a part of a broader strategy of international insertion termed by Brazilian policymakers "solidarity diplomacy", required defining Brazil's national role conceptions. The strong focus on development cooperation as the main sphere of mutual relations, manifested through both official discourse and a dynamically growing number of technical cooperation projects, could suggest that Brazil was playing the role of a donor in Africa. Yet, the reconstruction of national imaginaries visible since 2003-executed by stressing the necessity of an increased national self-esteem, called auto-estima in Brazil 3 , introducing mandatory classes of African culture and history in order to stress its 1 Inaugural Address by President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva taking office in the National Congress, Brasília, 1.01.2003 [on-line:] http://www.biblioteca.presidencia.gov.br/ex-presidentes/luiz-inacio-lula-dasilva/discursos-de-posse/discurso-de-posse-1o-mandato/view [15.08.2015]. 2 A list of presidential official trips is available on the website of the Library of the Brazilian Presidency (Biblioteca da Presidência). See: [on-line:] http://www.biblioteca.presidencia.gov.br/ex-presidentes [15.08.2015].
Anuario Latinoamericano – Ciencias Políticas y Relaciones Internacionales, 2020
Este trabajo sostiene que los cambios profundos de la política exterior del gobierno de Jair M. B... more Este trabajo sostiene que los cambios profundos de la política exterior del gobierno de Jair M. Bolsonaro llevaron a una redefinición de la narrativa de la política exterior de Brasil y de sus papeles internacionales, provocando tensiones en las relaciones sino-brasileñas. El tema principal de la asociación problemática de Brasil con China se explora mediante el análisis de los fundamentos conceptuales de la política exterior del Brasil. Por lo tanto, se pone énfasis en las modificaciones de la autoarticulación discursiva implementada por las elites de la política exterior del país con un enfoque particular en una nueva comprensión del Occidente y del sentido de pertenencia occidental de Brasil. La autoconcepción redefinida, que ha dado lugar a la adopción de los papeles del aliado fiel de los Estados Unidos y defensor de la fe, no ha dejado de repercutir en la cooperación entre Brasil y el desafiante del orden mundial liberal, China. El análisis del reciente activismo externo de Br...
Anuario Latinoamericano – Ciencias Políticas y Relaciones Internacionales, 2019
El artículo pretende analizar los primeros meses de la intervención federal en el estado de Río d... more El artículo pretende analizar los primeros meses de la intervención federal en el estado de Río de Janeiro, introducida por el decreto presidencial del 16 de febrero de 2018. La crisis de seguridad en el Estado, que comenzó en 2017 y obtuvo una importante cobertura mediática, llevó a Michel Temer a tomar la decisión de poner a las Fuerzas Armadas a cargo de la seguridad pública, por primera vez desde la redemocratización del país. Considerada controvertida desde su anuncio en febrero, la medida fue cuestionada luego del asesinato de Marielle Franco, concejala de la Cámara Municipal de Río de Janeiro, conocida por su feroz oposición a la intervención militar. El documento examina si la disfuncionalidad del Estado brasileño en el ámbito de la seguridad pública puede ser abordada por políticas de línea dura como la intervención federal y cuestiona la validez de esta medida en el contexto dado. Afirma que las duras políticas de seguridad son ineficaces para combatir la violencia en Bras...
Brazil-U.S. Relations in the 21st Century-A Difficult Partnership The paper examines the evolutio... more Brazil-U.S. Relations in the 21st Century-A Difficult Partnership The paper examines the evolution of US-Brazilian relations at the turn of the 20th and 21st century. Factors such as the divergence of geopolitical views held in both countries after the end of the Cold War, Brazil's longstanding aspirations to become a major power in a multipolar world, new tensions that arose after September 11 and the US "war on terror" as well as president Lula da Silva's (2003-2010) engagement in a fuel swap deal with Iran led to a complicated relation between the United States and Brazil in the first decade of the 21st century. Lula da Silva's successor Dilma Rousseff (2011-2016) declared to continue his policy. An analysis of her rule allows to claim that mutual relations were to a large extent overshadowed by controversial topics such as a UN Security Council reform and the NSA spying controversy. Yet, Mrs Rousseff 's administration also managed to show visible efforts to focus on more pragmatic issues of economic and technological cooperation contributing to a possible improvement of future U.S.-Brazil relations.
The question of migration and diasporas has a special place in the studies of the Latín American ... more The question of migration and diasporas has a special place in the studies of the Latín American región. Latin America remains until today both the source as well as the destination of migrants. Intrastate and interstate fluxes of migrants are also key variables shaping this región. Over the course of centuries, migratory processes influenced many spheres of Latin American Ufe and stand out even today; dynamic and multidimensional, they affect the social, racial, ethnic, economic and cultural relations. The topic of migrations and diasporas is strictly related to another fundamental issue of Latin American studies: the questions of identity. It provides possible answers to the question: who are we? The abovementioned topics are the subject of analyses presented in this publication. Its authors are experts from Latin American and European research institutions, representing different disciplines within the framework of humanities and social sciences, which allows to present the topic...
Over the course of less than a quarter of a century, two Brazilian Heads of State – Fernando Coll... more Over the course of less than a quarter of a century, two Brazilian Heads of State – Fernando Collor in 1992 and Dilma Rousseff in 2016 – have been removed from office by impeachment. There has been much controversy surrounding both proceedings, particularly the latter. The article seeks to discuss briefly the history of the proceeding of impeachment in Brazil and its significance for the country’s political life after 1988. Through an analysis of the impeachment cases of President Fernando Collor and President Dilma Rousseff, and overview of the literature on impeachment in Latin America, the paper will address the similarities and differences present in both cases in which a Brazilian Head of State was removed from office. The last part of the article will further discuss the disputes among Brazilian jurists triggered by differing evaluations of this legal measure and, in particular, the more recent case of its implementation in Brazil.
10 kwietnia 2010 r. minęło 100 dni rządów Dilmy Rousseff, pierwszej kobiety, która objęła najwyżs... more 10 kwietnia 2010 r. minęło 100 dni rządów Dilmy Rousseff, pierwszej kobiety, która objęła najwyższy urząd w Federacyjnej Republice Brazylii. W pierwszym oficjalnym przemówieniu adresowanym do brazylijskich obywateli w dniu objęcia stanowiska, 1 stycznia 2011 roku, pani prezydent zadeklarowała gotowość kontynuowania polityki prowadzonej przez swego poprzednika, Luiza Inácia Lulę da Silvę, cieszącego się szczególną popularnością wśród mieszkańców największego państwa Ameryki Łacińskiej
Cultural and social miscegenation is considered the key feature reflecting the complexity of the ... more Cultural and social miscegenation is considered the key feature reflecting the complexity of the Brazilian identity. In its external dimension, defining the state’s sense of distinctiveness at the international stage, this richness has been expressed through numerous definitions of the state’s sense of belonging and opened up multiple options for Brazil’s foreign policy. The chapter seeks to highlight two main ways of defining the state’s international identity in the 20th and 21st century: Americanism and globalism and their impact on the state’s external activism. The first part of the article addresses the controversies around the notion of the identity of a collective entity – the national state. The second part of the paper discusses the selection of strategies aimed at the pursuit of the state’s national interest. It argues that these strategies are determined by narratives proposed by 20th-century intellectuals concerning the international position and profile of Brazil and s...
Choć nazywana obszarem pokoju, w którym prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia konfliktu międzypaństwoweg... more Choć nazywana obszarem pokoju, w którym prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia konfliktu międzypaństwowego jest niezwykle niskie, Ameryka Łacińska pozostaje najniebezpieczniejszym regionem świata. Na takie twierdzenie pozwalają publikowane przez Biuro Narodów Zjednoczonych do spraw Narkotyków i Przestępczości (UNODC) dane dotyczące wskaźnika zabójstw na 100 000 mieszkańców. Z raportu za 2017 rok wynika, że wskaźnik ten w Ameryce Południowej (24,2) był wyższy niż w Afryce (13,0), Europie (3,0) czy Azji (2,3). Mimo że zagwarantowanie bezpieczeństwa osobistego jest jednym z fundamentalnych obowiązków państwa, nie znajduje on odzwierciedlenia w praktyce. Rzeczywistość w Ameryce Łacińskiej, w której przemoc przybiera bardzo zróżnicowane formy, jest przy tym niezwykle złożona. Ta rzeczywistość stanowi temat niniejszej książki. Autorzy poszczególnych rozdziałów pochylają się nad zagadnieniem przemocy i bezpieczeństwa, aby przybliżyć czytelnikowi źródła przemocy, jej - niekiedy nieoczywiste - rodza...
Anuario Latinoamericano – Ciencias Políticas y Relaciones Internacionales, 2021
The paper seeks to investigate changes in Brazil's activism within the UN Human Rights Council (H... more The paper seeks to investigate changes in Brazil's activism within the UN Human Rights Council (HRC) between 2006 and 2020 and addresses the modifications of status-seeking strategies (of social mobility, creativity, and competition) applied by the state within this international body. My claim is that Brazil under the Bolsonaro administration chose the role of the defender of the faith advocating for a recreation of the global human rights protection system over being a good international citizen committed to the maintenance and development of this system. This role was selected in conformity with a populist political agenda based on a conservative set of values that the state's diplomacy had to promote. The changes, exemplified by Brazil's conduct within the HRC since 2019, undermined the state's prestige and moral authority that led to status losses.
Taking office on the 1 st of January 2003, President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, from the leftist ... more Taking office on the 1 st of January 2003, President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, from the leftist Workers Party, declared that his administration would implement major policy shifts, including a redefinition of focal points of Brazilian foreign policy. Among changes that were to come in the country's international agenda, reconceptualising and strengthening ties with Africa was one of the main objectives 1. These political declarations appeared when the president took off for his first official visit to the continent, accompanied by the members of the government and representatives of the business sector. By the end of his second term in 2010, with thirteen official journeys to the continent and twenty-three countries visited, President Lula became the Brazilian head of state who travelled to Africa many more times than his predecessors put together 2. The quest for stronger ties with Africa, a part of a broader strategy of international insertion termed by Brazilian policymakers "solidarity diplomacy", required defining Brazil's national role conceptions. The strong focus on development cooperation as the main sphere of mutual relations, manifested through both official discourse and a dynamically growing number of technical cooperation projects, could suggest that Brazil was playing the role of a donor in Africa. Yet, the reconstruction of national imaginaries visible since 2003-executed by stressing the necessity of an increased national self-esteem, called auto-estima in Brazil 3 , introducing mandatory classes of African culture and history in order to stress its 1 Inaugural Address by President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva taking office in the National Congress, Brasília, 1.01.2003 [on-line:] http://www.biblioteca.presidencia.gov.br/ex-presidentes/luiz-inacio-lula-dasilva/discursos-de-posse/discurso-de-posse-1o-mandato/view [15.08.2015]. 2 A list of presidential official trips is available on the website of the Library of the Brazilian Presidency (Biblioteca da Presidência). See: [on-line:] http://www.biblioteca.presidencia.gov.br/ex-presidentes [15.08.2015].
Anuario Latinoamericano – Ciencias Políticas y Relaciones Internacionales, 2020
Este trabajo sostiene que los cambios profundos de la política exterior del gobierno de Jair M. B... more Este trabajo sostiene que los cambios profundos de la política exterior del gobierno de Jair M. Bolsonaro llevaron a una redefinición de la narrativa de la política exterior de Brasil y de sus papeles internacionales, provocando tensiones en las relaciones sino-brasileñas. El tema principal de la asociación problemática de Brasil con China se explora mediante el análisis de los fundamentos conceptuales de la política exterior del Brasil. Por lo tanto, se pone énfasis en las modificaciones de la autoarticulación discursiva implementada por las elites de la política exterior del país con un enfoque particular en una nueva comprensión del Occidente y del sentido de pertenencia occidental de Brasil. La autoconcepción redefinida, que ha dado lugar a la adopción de los papeles del aliado fiel de los Estados Unidos y defensor de la fe, no ha dejado de repercutir en la cooperación entre Brasil y el desafiante del orden mundial liberal, China. El análisis del reciente activismo externo de Br...
Anuario Latinoamericano – Ciencias Políticas y Relaciones Internacionales, 2019
El artículo pretende analizar los primeros meses de la intervención federal en el estado de Río d... more El artículo pretende analizar los primeros meses de la intervención federal en el estado de Río de Janeiro, introducida por el decreto presidencial del 16 de febrero de 2018. La crisis de seguridad en el Estado, que comenzó en 2017 y obtuvo una importante cobertura mediática, llevó a Michel Temer a tomar la decisión de poner a las Fuerzas Armadas a cargo de la seguridad pública, por primera vez desde la redemocratización del país. Considerada controvertida desde su anuncio en febrero, la medida fue cuestionada luego del asesinato de Marielle Franco, concejala de la Cámara Municipal de Río de Janeiro, conocida por su feroz oposición a la intervención militar. El documento examina si la disfuncionalidad del Estado brasileño en el ámbito de la seguridad pública puede ser abordada por políticas de línea dura como la intervención federal y cuestiona la validez de esta medida en el contexto dado. Afirma que las duras políticas de seguridad son ineficaces para combatir la violencia en Bras...
Brazil-U.S. Relations in the 21st Century-A Difficult Partnership The paper examines the evolutio... more Brazil-U.S. Relations in the 21st Century-A Difficult Partnership The paper examines the evolution of US-Brazilian relations at the turn of the 20th and 21st century. Factors such as the divergence of geopolitical views held in both countries after the end of the Cold War, Brazil's longstanding aspirations to become a major power in a multipolar world, new tensions that arose after September 11 and the US "war on terror" as well as president Lula da Silva's (2003-2010) engagement in a fuel swap deal with Iran led to a complicated relation between the United States and Brazil in the first decade of the 21st century. Lula da Silva's successor Dilma Rousseff (2011-2016) declared to continue his policy. An analysis of her rule allows to claim that mutual relations were to a large extent overshadowed by controversial topics such as a UN Security Council reform and the NSA spying controversy. Yet, Mrs Rousseff 's administration also managed to show visible efforts to focus on more pragmatic issues of economic and technological cooperation contributing to a possible improvement of future U.S.-Brazil relations.
The question of migration and diasporas has a special place in the studies of the Latín American ... more The question of migration and diasporas has a special place in the studies of the Latín American región. Latin America remains until today both the source as well as the destination of migrants. Intrastate and interstate fluxes of migrants are also key variables shaping this región. Over the course of centuries, migratory processes influenced many spheres of Latin American Ufe and stand out even today; dynamic and multidimensional, they affect the social, racial, ethnic, economic and cultural relations. The topic of migrations and diasporas is strictly related to another fundamental issue of Latin American studies: the questions of identity. It provides possible answers to the question: who are we? The abovementioned topics are the subject of analyses presented in this publication. Its authors are experts from Latin American and European research institutions, representing different disciplines within the framework of humanities and social sciences, which allows to present the topic...
Uploads
Papers by Monika Sawicka