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Adnan Zoranic

International University of Sarajevo, FENS, Faculty Member

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Maja Pličanić

University of Sarajevo

Vesna Perković Jović

Husnija Kamberovic

University of Sarajevo

Mirza Dzananovic

University of Zenica

UDRUZENJE ZA MODERNU HISTORIJU UMHIS

Independent Researcher

Dragana Mecanov

Sanja Matijević Barčot

University of Split, Faculty of Civil Eng Architecture and Geodesy

Dr Mihailo Čanak In Memoriam

University of Belgrade

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Books by Adnan Zoranic

Residential architecture in the period of Late Modernism in Sarajevo - Spatial concepts of apartments and the architecture of collective housing buildings in the 1970s and 1980s in Sarajevo

In study case of Sarajevo and by contextualizing the topic in modern time, we seek to get an answ... more In study case of Sarajevo and by contextualizing the topic in modern time, we seek to get an answer to the hypothesis: whether the previous researches of Yugoslav scientific institutions and the work of architects starting from human scale and needs, followed by the development of technologically advanced prefabricated constructive systems, and resulting in exceptional housing concepts, are sufficiently universal and applicable as a basis for further upgrading and tailoring to new times?
The research aims to present the already achieved quality and scope which could serve as a sound basis for comprehensive upgrade and adjustment to current and future circumstances. The affirmation of positive examples and accomplishments in the architecture of Yugoslav modernism is an incentive to continue activities in architecture that will promote it as a deeply humane and progressive future-oriented profession, rather than a blind executor and designer of ideas and wishes of often controversial investors.

Arhitektura prethodne civilizacije - Kultura građenja i duh modernizma u Jugoslaviji u periodu 1945-1990

Book is related to the development and existence of the modernist architecture and urbanism durin... more Book is related to the development and existence of the modernist architecture and urbanism during the period 1945-1990 in Yugoslavia, its conditionality and relation to the specific ambience and general social and cultural environment in the state. Author explains phenomena of wide acceptance of modern architecture during the mentioned period as the complementary reflection to orientation and tendencies of then established society. Through the case studies and presentation of different kinds of buildings, systematized in accordance to architectural typology, author investigate connections between architectural development and social surrounding.
Book is intended to scientists from the field of architecture, art historians, architects and students of architecture, but due to the broad scope of topics, to many others interested for history, society and culture.

MODERNISM IN THE ADRIATIC HOTELS OF SOCIALIST YUGOSLAVIA

Cities and Cultural Landscapes Recognition, Celebration, Preservation and Experience , 2020

After World War II, the state of Yugoslavia declared a wish to establish its own social and state... more After World War II, the state of Yugoslavia declared a wish to establish its own social and state system lying somewhere between the capitalist West and the socialist East of Europe and representing a specific area in a geopolitical, as well as a cultural sense. The modernist’s idea of new architecture and architects as creators of social welfare and happiness coincided with the declared ideals of this new socialist society. With an intense relationship with and openness to the West, architects ‘infected’ by modernist ideas and the unquestioning phenomenological support of the system, generated an authentic modernism. Hotels constructed in Yugoslavia were created very differently to the numerous destinations for mass tourism in the Mediterranean of the time. Yugoslav hotel architecture from that period can be studied as a special expression of modernism, strongly determined by place and a strong connection between man and nature, and showing careful material selection and adaptation to specific climatic conditions.

Keywords: modernism; Yugoslavia; hotel architecture

The 4th International Conference on Hazards and Modern Heritage

Research and education are the cornerstones for building effective heritage policies and the impl... more Research and education are the cornerstones for building effective heritage policies and the implementation of those policies are then critical to overall progress. Our main aim is to recover the traditional «architectural» language by integrating it within the framework of contemporary education. The architect's role encompasses appreciating the past, understanding the present, and anticipating and preparing for the future.

Papers by Adnan Zoranic

Influences of modernism in urban development of Sarajevo in the period 1945-1980

Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences, , Vol 10, No. 5. , 2022

In accordance with the state strategy oriented to the industrialization and urbanization many of ... more In accordance with the state strategy oriented to the industrialization and urbanization many of Yugoslav cities had strong and rapid development that was visible in appearance of new parts of the city or even totally new cities in surrounding of new established industrial areas. On the example of Sarajevo, we can observe implementation of ideas related to modernist architecture and urbanism promoted in many European countries during bigger part of 20 th century. From wandering in treatment, beginning ignorance and latter acceptance of authentic heritage from Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian period to the Modernist era of massive construction of new parts of the city. Direction of work and thinking of domestic architects leaded by Juraj Neidhardt created specific way of considering Bosnian traditional architecture as inspiration and base for development of authentic modernism related to the wide range of contextual premises that in theory of architecture was recognized as "Sarajevo school of architecture". At the same time massive construction of new urban areas was searching for efficient solutions of industrial and prefabricated systems that were developed and widely used in all Yugoslavia. Design of all new settlements strived to planed and built into consideration to principles of Athens charter with accent to sun oriented and functional residential units, with enough greenery and open public zones, with regulated and distribution of educational, service and commercial facilities in every new established neighborhood. Despite to social, urban and construction quality issues that appeared in new developed urban areas from the period of socialist Yugoslavia, we can talk about relevant and innovative concepts promoted by modernist architecture and urbanism that was under constant and comprehensive improvement process which reach high range of quality very relevant from the perspective of European modernism.

Residential architecture of Novi Zagreb on the example of Siget settlement

Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Vol 10, No. 5. , 2022

Zagreb was fertile land for development of modernism and internationalism in architecture thanks ... more Zagreb was fertile land for development of modernism and internationalism in architecture thanks to very strong modernist scene from the period before the World War II. Numerous prominent architects just continued to work and to promote their ideas in socialist Yugoslavia when social realism was rejected, and modernism was established as cultural mainstream in newly established Yugoslavia. The decision to spread the city on the south over the river Sava was used for creation of new town totally in accordance with modernist principles of urban planning and architecture, Athens charter and Le Corbusiers visions. Progressive and innovative ideas were implemented with strong support of entire society and state structures oriented to modernization and urbanization as tools for creating industrialized and future oriented society. After decades of existence Novi Zagreb survive critics and challenges of social and economic changes and become to be attractive living area for different social groups of people which offering decent and functional spatial concepts of flats and urban living. On the example of one of Novi Zagreb settlements Siget that was developed through several decades and built accordingly to first urban plans we can follow realization of modernist ideas and their progressive evolution in heterogenic concepts of residential units, materialization, and adoption to human needs. Urban design solutions and different layouts of flats settled in different kinds of residential buildings in Siget create real picture about range of modernist architecture realized in Novi Zagreb and give us opportunity to reconsider human oriented, socially responsible, and sustainable residential architecture instead current, investor and profit directed approach.

Contextual parameters of contemporary modernist house in the Mediterranean

Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Vol 9, No. 3. IUS Sarajevo, 2021

Dealing with environmental sustainability in architecture is often the presentation of technologi... more Dealing with environmental sustainability in architecture is often the presentation of technological and financial power or just a reflection of some fashionable experimentation. Contrary to such developments in architecture is the pursuit of understanding the different contextual determinations of every place on which we build. Ideas that respecting regional cultural-historical, social, climatic, topographic and other natural parameters dating from the very beginnings of the modern movement in architecture. There are especially pronounced in the area of the Mediterranean countries, in contrast to the wealthier, north and west European countries where the modern is initially impressed with machine and technology and more oriented to internationalism. Traditional Mediterranean architecture is essentially rational, with recognizable materialization and technology, formally purified and conceptually clear. Mediterranean vernacular architecture became the basis for the emergence of the Mediterranean modernism recognizable by a specific attitude towards human needs, regional characteristics, design and organization of space, respecting nature and adapting to climate factors and use of traditional material and its combination with new technologically advanced materials. Modern architecture has evolved in its development especially in its relation to the context. Neo-modern expression, especially the one present in some of the Mediterranean countries insists on a bioclimatic definition, integration with the environment and mixture of local and modern in concept, design, materialization, but primarily in understanding the essence of these relationships.

Heritage of early modernism in residential architecture in Sarajevo

Journal IOP Materials Science and Engineering, ISSN: 1757-899X, vol. 471, 2019

Appearance of modern architecture in the early 20th century brought revolutionary changes in the ... more Appearance of modern architecture in the early 20th century brought revolutionary changes in the meaning and sense of architectural design. New design implies a new way of life of modern man and entirely new approach to residential architecture. The new ideal of residential architecture becoming sunlit living units oriented toward the green, free of bulky furniture, with flexible, open plan, equipped and materialized in accordance to the time. Pure and simple design without decorations started to replace eclectic artistic expressions of the past times. In many European countries, a modernism was reaching its peak during the 1920s and 1930s by promoting and strengthening the ideas of the Bauhaus School and Athens charter and by increasing a number of young architects that have finished schools of architecture in Central European universities and continue to work with significant names of modernism. Such the case was in Sarajevo with a numerous of architects that worked from the second half of the 1920s and later. They have developed remarkable pieces of modernist architecture that are not appropriately treated by institutions and understood by wider public. The purpose of paper is to contribute indicating of value of such architecture that should result with raising of awareness about its importance and future proper interventions based on experience of similar projects related to protection and promotion of modern architectural heritage, that were realized in Europe and wider. Early modernism in residential architecture has brought tectonic changes in development of architecture and cities, quality and way of human living. It was just beginning in creation of extraordinary avant-garde modernism that existed during period of Socialist Yugoslavia in second half of 20 th century. A comprehensive understanding of modernism from mentioned period in study case of Sarajevo and promotion its values will help to built positive and honest relation to heritage which was part of common international European identity. 1. Introduction The modern architecture is, very often, not perceived as a cultural heritage and terms of modern and heritage have almost opposite and opposing meanings in the public and professional perception. The reasons for such attitudes are different. On one side are critics of modernism and their interpretation about modern architecture as new and that has no traditional values. On the other side proponents of the modernism often were exclusive to the previous architectural styles and acted from the arrogant and destructive positions with counter-productive acting for the affirmation of modernist ideas. From the beginning of their revolutionary attitudes modernism caused contradictions, praise from supporters and non-selective criticism of opponents. After more than a hundred years of modern ideas, it is necessary to approach to the evaluation of such architecture in the professional and scientifically based manner. The architecture of the 20th century is marked by modernism and during period of almost one hundred years has become a tradition by creating a common European, but not just European identity.

MODERNIST HOUSE NEAR MOSTAR, AS POSSIBLE ANSWER FOR ISSUES OF CONTEXT AND HARMONY WITH ENVIRONMENT

S.ARCH 2015, Environment and Architecture, Proceedings, 2015

The project for a built house near Blagaj, 15 km from Mostar, was created with the desire that mo... more The project for a built house near Blagaj, 15 km from Mostar, was created with the desire that modern, in design and visual expression simple architecture fit into the natural submediterranean environment strongly marked by an atmosphere of rich tradition and culture from the nearby Mostar, Blagaj, Pocitelj and Dalmatia. In the spirit of Critical Regionalism that symbiosis between modern architecture and contextual determinants as climate, topography, orientation, traditions and rich architectural heritage were reflecting in the concept that combines open and closed spaces, follows the gentle slope of land and orientation to spectacular views of the surrounding hills, mountains Velez and vast vineyards and orchards. This approach is close to objectives of environmentally sustainable architecture and the wish to create a building that does not dominate but becomes part of the environment. Design of house tries to respect some of the basic principles of architecture adapted to the context; first with the size adjusted to custom periodical using (during weekends and holidays) by four member of family, then through the use of traditional materials and with use of the benefits of orientation towards the sun, but also protection from unwanted insolation during the summer. The house was designed and built to be categorized as a low energy house with 75m2 of living enclosed area that is directly connected with a covered terrace of 20m2, while under the part of housing unit is 25m2 for garage and storage. In the continuity from the shaded terraces there is an intimate outdoor area around the planned smaller swimming pool, surrounded by shade and scents of Mediterranean vegetation. The modernist idea that pure and simple geometric lines and white forms versus free shapes and rich colors of the natural environment are often the best way of their mutual relation is revived in the realization of this house.

MODERNISM IN THE CASE OF GOVERNMENTAL, COMMUNIST PARTY AND ARMY BUILDINGS IN YUGOSLAVIA

The 4th International Conference "The Importance of Place", 2015

Processes in Yugoslavian art and architecture were, more or less systematically controlled by the... more Processes in Yugoslavian art and architecture were, more or less systematically controlled by the state and served as an instrument for presenting an idea of particularism. It is interesting that some of the most rigid parts of that system such as the Communist Party, the Yugoslav army, or State President Tito were investors or clients of some of the most successful modernist buildings. Processes in Yugoslavian art and architecture were, more or less systematically controlled by the state and served as an instrument for presenting an idea of particularism. It is interesting that some of the most rigid parts of that system such as the Communist Party, the Yugoslav army, or State President Tito were investors or clients of some of the most successful modernist buildings. The link between social context and architecture throughout history is notorious and always visible, but emergence and total acceptance of progressive and humanist-oriented architecture from this particular socialist system, which is often seen as the opposite of those terms is an interesting phenomenon suitable for this research supported with some of the most illustrative examples.

MODERN ARCHITECTURE AND MEDITERRANEAN CONTEXT

CAUMME 2012, Global Impacts and Local Challenges, Proceedings, 2012

The modern way of living alienated us from natural environment, cultural, historical and traditio... more The modern way of living alienated us from natural environment, cultural, historical and traditional heritage as well from other people. Contemporary materialistic spirit and way of living imposed a sense of existence and had an essential impact on the architecture. This sequence of events had a series of consequences that we feel with more and more intensity, and then we become aware of the necessity of a change in thinking and behavior. Construction in accordance with the immediate and present context minimizes negative impacts on the environment which becomes imperative to explore and should seek for. Maturation of the idea of harmonious and sustainable building is possible through a research of the traditional construction in the past with modern treatment and positive findings from the present.
With its appearance modern architecture has brought revolutionary changes in the understanding of what house should provide to the user by insisting on transparency, sunshine, open plan, organization and orientation of space. Quality achievements of modern architecture in many cases lean on purity of forming, rationalism and functionality of vernacular traditions of the Mediterranean. According to stated facts, contextualization of contemporary architecture in the Mediterranean can be based on the philosophy of modern design with compliance of the all specifics of every particular location followed by principles of ecological sustainability.
The paper use studies of relevant authors and thoughts of famous architects to affirm contextual thinking and find their establishments in a numerous of recent examples some of which are presented in this study.

Modernism in the case of hotel architecture in Socialist Yugoslavia

Proceedings - Importance of place, Cicop BiH, Sarajevo;, 2017

Former state Yugoslavia, after II world war, declared wish to establish own social and state syst... more Former state Yugoslavia, after II world war, declared wish to establish own social and state system somewhere between capitalist West and the socialist East of Europe, representing a specific area, in the geopolitical, but also cultural sense. The modernists' idea of new architecture and architects as creators of social welfare and happiness coincided with the declared ideals of a new socialist society. Intensive relationships and openness to the West, architects "infected" by modernist ideas and unquestioning and phenomenological support of the system generated an authentic modernism. Hotels constructed in Yugoslavia were created very differently than in numerous destinations of mass-tourism of the Mediterranean in same time. Yugoslav hotel architecture from that period can be studied as a special expression of modernism, strongly determined with the place and strong connections between man and nature, with careful material selection and adaptation to specific climatic conditions.

Modernism in the Case of Cultural Architecture in Yugoslavia

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 960, 5th World Multidisciplinary Civil Engineering-Architecture-Urban Planning Symposium – WMCAUS 15-19 June 2020, Prague, Czech Republic, 2020

As a result of very strong and organised antifascist resistance on domestic territory during the ... more As a result of very strong and organised antifascist resistance on domestic territory during the World War II and historical conditions in the rest of Europe, new established socialist country Yugoslavia on geostrategic games was planned to stay part of the eastern block in the new division of postwar Europe. But just three years after the war Yugoslavian political establishment led by charismatic president Tito, despite the serious threats from USSR and Stalin, he decided to start with their own way of socialism based on self-management with reduced influence of the state into the economy, society and culture. The result was an atypical socialist system for that time, which was very open to the world, but especially to Western Europe and the USA. During the whole history, architecture was always the best representation of historical developments and social circumstances in different civilisations through different periods. Yugoslavian modernist architecture developed by domestic architects, influenced by modernist ideas from Central and Western Europe and with phenomenological support of the state can be considered as an indicator of social and cultural movements during the existence of that avant-garde socialist country from 1945-1990. Through the research of different study cases and examples of architecture from socialist Yugoslavia and studies of relevant scientists from the field of architecture and sociology, as a predominant methodology for this study, relations between architecture and socioeconomic and cultural conditions will be investigated. In accordance with the declared ideas for general modernisation of the entire society, modernist architecture in Yugoslavia was widely accepted as a tool for the realisation of proclaimed ideals for open, human oriented and contemporary society. The architecture of cultural buildings was some of the best examples for the mentioned direction in the content, but even more in conceptual and visual expression. The Yugoslavian architecture of the representative cultural centres, museums, libraries and concert halls are some of the most successful realizations of modernism in the region of south east Europe, but even much wider. At the same time, these buildings were witnessing well organized, state supported institutional work that was able to arrange some of the most prominent cultural activities on the highest world level.

Modernism in the Case of Sports Architecture in Yugoslavia Modernism in the Case of Sports Architecture in Yugoslavia

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 960, 5th World Multidisciplinary Civil Engineering-Architecture-Urban Planning Symposium – WMCAUS 15-19 June 2020, Prague, Czech Republic, 2020

Former state Yugoslavia, after World War II, declared a wish to establish its own social and stat... more Former state Yugoslavia, after World War II, declared a wish to establish its own social and state system somewhere between capitalist West and the socialist East of Europe, representing a specific area, in the geopolitical, but also cultural sense. New socialist society declared ideals which coincided with the modernists' promotion of the importance of architecture and architects as creators of the base for social welfare and happiness. More intensive relationships and openness of socialist Yugoslavia to the West than the countries of the so-called Eastern Bloc, architects "infected" by modernist ideas during education in the West Europe and unquestioning and phenomenological support of the system have generated an authentic modern expression. Through the research of different study cases and examples of architecture from socialist Yugoslavia and studies of relevant scientists from the field of architecture and sociology as a predominant methodology for this study, we can investigate relations between architecture and socioeconomic and cultural conditions. Sports buildings constructed in Yugoslavia, in the beginning, were created in accordance with the state strategy for the development of sport and accordingly promotion of massive physical activities for a wider population. The most influential moments for the development of sports infrastructure correspond to the state strategy for self-promotion to the World as an open society, by using sports success and the organization of international sports manifestations. Yugoslavia successfully applies and gains the most important international sports competitions as the World and European championships in some of the most popular sports, Mediterranean games in Split, University sports games in Zagreb and Winter Olympic Games in Sarajevo. These international manifestations were used as a chance for remarkable urban and architectural developments and structural changes of the host cities. Through the research of different study cases and examples of architecture from socialist Yugoslavia and studies of relevant scientists from the field of architecture and sociology, as a predominant methodology for this study, relations between architecture and socioeconomic and cultural conditions will be investigated. Some of the examples from this study have promoted the idea of combined functional uses related to sports, cultural and commercial activities, built under a clear influence of brutalism architectural principles. Others present innovative structural and functional solutions in accordance with the most recent technology of that time which results in some of the most beautiful temples of sports architecture in this part of Europe and wider.

Residential architecture in the period of Late Modernism in Sarajevo - Spatial concepts of apartments and the architecture of collective housing buildings in the 1970s and 1980s in Sarajevo

In study case of Sarajevo and by contextualizing the topic in modern time, we seek to get an answ... more In study case of Sarajevo and by contextualizing the topic in modern time, we seek to get an answer to the hypothesis: whether the previous researches of Yugoslav scientific institutions and the work of architects starting from human scale and needs, followed by the development of technologically advanced prefabricated constructive systems, and resulting in exceptional housing concepts, are sufficiently universal and applicable as a basis for further upgrading and tailoring to new times?
The research aims to present the already achieved quality and scope which could serve as a sound basis for comprehensive upgrade and adjustment to current and future circumstances. The affirmation of positive examples and accomplishments in the architecture of Yugoslav modernism is an incentive to continue activities in architecture that will promote it as a deeply humane and progressive future-oriented profession, rather than a blind executor and designer of ideas and wishes of often controversial investors.

Arhitektura prethodne civilizacije - Kultura građenja i duh modernizma u Jugoslaviji u periodu 1945-1990

Book is related to the development and existence of the modernist architecture and urbanism durin... more Book is related to the development and existence of the modernist architecture and urbanism during the period 1945-1990 in Yugoslavia, its conditionality and relation to the specific ambience and general social and cultural environment in the state. Author explains phenomena of wide acceptance of modern architecture during the mentioned period as the complementary reflection to orientation and tendencies of then established society. Through the case studies and presentation of different kinds of buildings, systematized in accordance to architectural typology, author investigate connections between architectural development and social surrounding.
Book is intended to scientists from the field of architecture, art historians, architects and students of architecture, but due to the broad scope of topics, to many others interested for history, society and culture.

MODERNISM IN THE ADRIATIC HOTELS OF SOCIALIST YUGOSLAVIA

Cities and Cultural Landscapes Recognition, Celebration, Preservation and Experience , 2020

After World War II, the state of Yugoslavia declared a wish to establish its own social and state... more After World War II, the state of Yugoslavia declared a wish to establish its own social and state system lying somewhere between the capitalist West and the socialist East of Europe and representing a specific area in a geopolitical, as well as a cultural sense. The modernist’s idea of new architecture and architects as creators of social welfare and happiness coincided with the declared ideals of this new socialist society. With an intense relationship with and openness to the West, architects ‘infected’ by modernist ideas and the unquestioning phenomenological support of the system, generated an authentic modernism. Hotels constructed in Yugoslavia were created very differently to the numerous destinations for mass tourism in the Mediterranean of the time. Yugoslav hotel architecture from that period can be studied as a special expression of modernism, strongly determined by place and a strong connection between man and nature, and showing careful material selection and adaptation to specific climatic conditions.

Keywords: modernism; Yugoslavia; hotel architecture

The 4th International Conference on Hazards and Modern Heritage

Research and education are the cornerstones for building effective heritage policies and the impl... more Research and education are the cornerstones for building effective heritage policies and the implementation of those policies are then critical to overall progress. Our main aim is to recover the traditional «architectural» language by integrating it within the framework of contemporary education. The architect's role encompasses appreciating the past, understanding the present, and anticipating and preparing for the future.

Influences of modernism in urban development of Sarajevo in the period 1945-1980

Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences, , Vol 10, No. 5. , 2022

In accordance with the state strategy oriented to the industrialization and urbanization many of ... more In accordance with the state strategy oriented to the industrialization and urbanization many of Yugoslav cities had strong and rapid development that was visible in appearance of new parts of the city or even totally new cities in surrounding of new established industrial areas. On the example of Sarajevo, we can observe implementation of ideas related to modernist architecture and urbanism promoted in many European countries during bigger part of 20 th century. From wandering in treatment, beginning ignorance and latter acceptance of authentic heritage from Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian period to the Modernist era of massive construction of new parts of the city. Direction of work and thinking of domestic architects leaded by Juraj Neidhardt created specific way of considering Bosnian traditional architecture as inspiration and base for development of authentic modernism related to the wide range of contextual premises that in theory of architecture was recognized as "Sarajevo school of architecture". At the same time massive construction of new urban areas was searching for efficient solutions of industrial and prefabricated systems that were developed and widely used in all Yugoslavia. Design of all new settlements strived to planed and built into consideration to principles of Athens charter with accent to sun oriented and functional residential units, with enough greenery and open public zones, with regulated and distribution of educational, service and commercial facilities in every new established neighborhood. Despite to social, urban and construction quality issues that appeared in new developed urban areas from the period of socialist Yugoslavia, we can talk about relevant and innovative concepts promoted by modernist architecture and urbanism that was under constant and comprehensive improvement process which reach high range of quality very relevant from the perspective of European modernism.

Residential architecture of Novi Zagreb on the example of Siget settlement

Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Vol 10, No. 5. , 2022

Zagreb was fertile land for development of modernism and internationalism in architecture thanks ... more Zagreb was fertile land for development of modernism and internationalism in architecture thanks to very strong modernist scene from the period before the World War II. Numerous prominent architects just continued to work and to promote their ideas in socialist Yugoslavia when social realism was rejected, and modernism was established as cultural mainstream in newly established Yugoslavia. The decision to spread the city on the south over the river Sava was used for creation of new town totally in accordance with modernist principles of urban planning and architecture, Athens charter and Le Corbusiers visions. Progressive and innovative ideas were implemented with strong support of entire society and state structures oriented to modernization and urbanization as tools for creating industrialized and future oriented society. After decades of existence Novi Zagreb survive critics and challenges of social and economic changes and become to be attractive living area for different social groups of people which offering decent and functional spatial concepts of flats and urban living. On the example of one of Novi Zagreb settlements Siget that was developed through several decades and built accordingly to first urban plans we can follow realization of modernist ideas and their progressive evolution in heterogenic concepts of residential units, materialization, and adoption to human needs. Urban design solutions and different layouts of flats settled in different kinds of residential buildings in Siget create real picture about range of modernist architecture realized in Novi Zagreb and give us opportunity to reconsider human oriented, socially responsible, and sustainable residential architecture instead current, investor and profit directed approach.

Contextual parameters of contemporary modernist house in the Mediterranean

Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Vol 9, No. 3. IUS Sarajevo, 2021

Dealing with environmental sustainability in architecture is often the presentation of technologi... more Dealing with environmental sustainability in architecture is often the presentation of technological and financial power or just a reflection of some fashionable experimentation. Contrary to such developments in architecture is the pursuit of understanding the different contextual determinations of every place on which we build. Ideas that respecting regional cultural-historical, social, climatic, topographic and other natural parameters dating from the very beginnings of the modern movement in architecture. There are especially pronounced in the area of the Mediterranean countries, in contrast to the wealthier, north and west European countries where the modern is initially impressed with machine and technology and more oriented to internationalism. Traditional Mediterranean architecture is essentially rational, with recognizable materialization and technology, formally purified and conceptually clear. Mediterranean vernacular architecture became the basis for the emergence of the Mediterranean modernism recognizable by a specific attitude towards human needs, regional characteristics, design and organization of space, respecting nature and adapting to climate factors and use of traditional material and its combination with new technologically advanced materials. Modern architecture has evolved in its development especially in its relation to the context. Neo-modern expression, especially the one present in some of the Mediterranean countries insists on a bioclimatic definition, integration with the environment and mixture of local and modern in concept, design, materialization, but primarily in understanding the essence of these relationships.

Heritage of early modernism in residential architecture in Sarajevo

Journal IOP Materials Science and Engineering, ISSN: 1757-899X, vol. 471, 2019

Appearance of modern architecture in the early 20th century brought revolutionary changes in the ... more Appearance of modern architecture in the early 20th century brought revolutionary changes in the meaning and sense of architectural design. New design implies a new way of life of modern man and entirely new approach to residential architecture. The new ideal of residential architecture becoming sunlit living units oriented toward the green, free of bulky furniture, with flexible, open plan, equipped and materialized in accordance to the time. Pure and simple design without decorations started to replace eclectic artistic expressions of the past times. In many European countries, a modernism was reaching its peak during the 1920s and 1930s by promoting and strengthening the ideas of the Bauhaus School and Athens charter and by increasing a number of young architects that have finished schools of architecture in Central European universities and continue to work with significant names of modernism. Such the case was in Sarajevo with a numerous of architects that worked from the second half of the 1920s and later. They have developed remarkable pieces of modernist architecture that are not appropriately treated by institutions and understood by wider public. The purpose of paper is to contribute indicating of value of such architecture that should result with raising of awareness about its importance and future proper interventions based on experience of similar projects related to protection and promotion of modern architectural heritage, that were realized in Europe and wider. Early modernism in residential architecture has brought tectonic changes in development of architecture and cities, quality and way of human living. It was just beginning in creation of extraordinary avant-garde modernism that existed during period of Socialist Yugoslavia in second half of 20 th century. A comprehensive understanding of modernism from mentioned period in study case of Sarajevo and promotion its values will help to built positive and honest relation to heritage which was part of common international European identity. 1. Introduction The modern architecture is, very often, not perceived as a cultural heritage and terms of modern and heritage have almost opposite and opposing meanings in the public and professional perception. The reasons for such attitudes are different. On one side are critics of modernism and their interpretation about modern architecture as new and that has no traditional values. On the other side proponents of the modernism often were exclusive to the previous architectural styles and acted from the arrogant and destructive positions with counter-productive acting for the affirmation of modernist ideas. From the beginning of their revolutionary attitudes modernism caused contradictions, praise from supporters and non-selective criticism of opponents. After more than a hundred years of modern ideas, it is necessary to approach to the evaluation of such architecture in the professional and scientifically based manner. The architecture of the 20th century is marked by modernism and during period of almost one hundred years has become a tradition by creating a common European, but not just European identity.

MODERNIST HOUSE NEAR MOSTAR, AS POSSIBLE ANSWER FOR ISSUES OF CONTEXT AND HARMONY WITH ENVIRONMENT

S.ARCH 2015, Environment and Architecture, Proceedings, 2015

The project for a built house near Blagaj, 15 km from Mostar, was created with the desire that mo... more The project for a built house near Blagaj, 15 km from Mostar, was created with the desire that modern, in design and visual expression simple architecture fit into the natural submediterranean environment strongly marked by an atmosphere of rich tradition and culture from the nearby Mostar, Blagaj, Pocitelj and Dalmatia. In the spirit of Critical Regionalism that symbiosis between modern architecture and contextual determinants as climate, topography, orientation, traditions and rich architectural heritage were reflecting in the concept that combines open and closed spaces, follows the gentle slope of land and orientation to spectacular views of the surrounding hills, mountains Velez and vast vineyards and orchards. This approach is close to objectives of environmentally sustainable architecture and the wish to create a building that does not dominate but becomes part of the environment. Design of house tries to respect some of the basic principles of architecture adapted to the context; first with the size adjusted to custom periodical using (during weekends and holidays) by four member of family, then through the use of traditional materials and with use of the benefits of orientation towards the sun, but also protection from unwanted insolation during the summer. The house was designed and built to be categorized as a low energy house with 75m2 of living enclosed area that is directly connected with a covered terrace of 20m2, while under the part of housing unit is 25m2 for garage and storage. In the continuity from the shaded terraces there is an intimate outdoor area around the planned smaller swimming pool, surrounded by shade and scents of Mediterranean vegetation. The modernist idea that pure and simple geometric lines and white forms versus free shapes and rich colors of the natural environment are often the best way of their mutual relation is revived in the realization of this house.

MODERNISM IN THE CASE OF GOVERNMENTAL, COMMUNIST PARTY AND ARMY BUILDINGS IN YUGOSLAVIA

The 4th International Conference "The Importance of Place", 2015

Processes in Yugoslavian art and architecture were, more or less systematically controlled by the... more Processes in Yugoslavian art and architecture were, more or less systematically controlled by the state and served as an instrument for presenting an idea of particularism. It is interesting that some of the most rigid parts of that system such as the Communist Party, the Yugoslav army, or State President Tito were investors or clients of some of the most successful modernist buildings. Processes in Yugoslavian art and architecture were, more or less systematically controlled by the state and served as an instrument for presenting an idea of particularism. It is interesting that some of the most rigid parts of that system such as the Communist Party, the Yugoslav army, or State President Tito were investors or clients of some of the most successful modernist buildings. The link between social context and architecture throughout history is notorious and always visible, but emergence and total acceptance of progressive and humanist-oriented architecture from this particular socialist system, which is often seen as the opposite of those terms is an interesting phenomenon suitable for this research supported with some of the most illustrative examples.

MODERN ARCHITECTURE AND MEDITERRANEAN CONTEXT

CAUMME 2012, Global Impacts and Local Challenges, Proceedings, 2012

The modern way of living alienated us from natural environment, cultural, historical and traditio... more The modern way of living alienated us from natural environment, cultural, historical and traditional heritage as well from other people. Contemporary materialistic spirit and way of living imposed a sense of existence and had an essential impact on the architecture. This sequence of events had a series of consequences that we feel with more and more intensity, and then we become aware of the necessity of a change in thinking and behavior. Construction in accordance with the immediate and present context minimizes negative impacts on the environment which becomes imperative to explore and should seek for. Maturation of the idea of harmonious and sustainable building is possible through a research of the traditional construction in the past with modern treatment and positive findings from the present.
With its appearance modern architecture has brought revolutionary changes in the understanding of what house should provide to the user by insisting on transparency, sunshine, open plan, organization and orientation of space. Quality achievements of modern architecture in many cases lean on purity of forming, rationalism and functionality of vernacular traditions of the Mediterranean. According to stated facts, contextualization of contemporary architecture in the Mediterranean can be based on the philosophy of modern design with compliance of the all specifics of every particular location followed by principles of ecological sustainability.
The paper use studies of relevant authors and thoughts of famous architects to affirm contextual thinking and find their establishments in a numerous of recent examples some of which are presented in this study.

Modernism in the case of hotel architecture in Socialist Yugoslavia

Proceedings - Importance of place, Cicop BiH, Sarajevo;, 2017

Former state Yugoslavia, after II world war, declared wish to establish own social and state syst... more Former state Yugoslavia, after II world war, declared wish to establish own social and state system somewhere between capitalist West and the socialist East of Europe, representing a specific area, in the geopolitical, but also cultural sense. The modernists' idea of new architecture and architects as creators of social welfare and happiness coincided with the declared ideals of a new socialist society. Intensive relationships and openness to the West, architects "infected" by modernist ideas and unquestioning and phenomenological support of the system generated an authentic modernism. Hotels constructed in Yugoslavia were created very differently than in numerous destinations of mass-tourism of the Mediterranean in same time. Yugoslav hotel architecture from that period can be studied as a special expression of modernism, strongly determined with the place and strong connections between man and nature, with careful material selection and adaptation to specific climatic conditions.

Modernism in the Case of Cultural Architecture in Yugoslavia

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 960, 5th World Multidisciplinary Civil Engineering-Architecture-Urban Planning Symposium – WMCAUS 15-19 June 2020, Prague, Czech Republic, 2020

As a result of very strong and organised antifascist resistance on domestic territory during the ... more As a result of very strong and organised antifascist resistance on domestic territory during the World War II and historical conditions in the rest of Europe, new established socialist country Yugoslavia on geostrategic games was planned to stay part of the eastern block in the new division of postwar Europe. But just three years after the war Yugoslavian political establishment led by charismatic president Tito, despite the serious threats from USSR and Stalin, he decided to start with their own way of socialism based on self-management with reduced influence of the state into the economy, society and culture. The result was an atypical socialist system for that time, which was very open to the world, but especially to Western Europe and the USA. During the whole history, architecture was always the best representation of historical developments and social circumstances in different civilisations through different periods. Yugoslavian modernist architecture developed by domestic architects, influenced by modernist ideas from Central and Western Europe and with phenomenological support of the state can be considered as an indicator of social and cultural movements during the existence of that avant-garde socialist country from 1945-1990. Through the research of different study cases and examples of architecture from socialist Yugoslavia and studies of relevant scientists from the field of architecture and sociology, as a predominant methodology for this study, relations between architecture and socioeconomic and cultural conditions will be investigated. In accordance with the declared ideas for general modernisation of the entire society, modernist architecture in Yugoslavia was widely accepted as a tool for the realisation of proclaimed ideals for open, human oriented and contemporary society. The architecture of cultural buildings was some of the best examples for the mentioned direction in the content, but even more in conceptual and visual expression. The Yugoslavian architecture of the representative cultural centres, museums, libraries and concert halls are some of the most successful realizations of modernism in the region of south east Europe, but even much wider. At the same time, these buildings were witnessing well organized, state supported institutional work that was able to arrange some of the most prominent cultural activities on the highest world level.

Modernism in the Case of Sports Architecture in Yugoslavia Modernism in the Case of Sports Architecture in Yugoslavia

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 960, 5th World Multidisciplinary Civil Engineering-Architecture-Urban Planning Symposium – WMCAUS 15-19 June 2020, Prague, Czech Republic, 2020

Former state Yugoslavia, after World War II, declared a wish to establish its own social and stat... more Former state Yugoslavia, after World War II, declared a wish to establish its own social and state system somewhere between capitalist West and the socialist East of Europe, representing a specific area, in the geopolitical, but also cultural sense. New socialist society declared ideals which coincided with the modernists' promotion of the importance of architecture and architects as creators of the base for social welfare and happiness. More intensive relationships and openness of socialist Yugoslavia to the West than the countries of the so-called Eastern Bloc, architects "infected" by modernist ideas during education in the West Europe and unquestioning and phenomenological support of the system have generated an authentic modern expression. Through the research of different study cases and examples of architecture from socialist Yugoslavia and studies of relevant scientists from the field of architecture and sociology as a predominant methodology for this study, we can investigate relations between architecture and socioeconomic and cultural conditions. Sports buildings constructed in Yugoslavia, in the beginning, were created in accordance with the state strategy for the development of sport and accordingly promotion of massive physical activities for a wider population. The most influential moments for the development of sports infrastructure correspond to the state strategy for self-promotion to the World as an open society, by using sports success and the organization of international sports manifestations. Yugoslavia successfully applies and gains the most important international sports competitions as the World and European championships in some of the most popular sports, Mediterranean games in Split, University sports games in Zagreb and Winter Olympic Games in Sarajevo. These international manifestations were used as a chance for remarkable urban and architectural developments and structural changes of the host cities. Through the research of different study cases and examples of architecture from socialist Yugoslavia and studies of relevant scientists from the field of architecture and sociology, as a predominant methodology for this study, relations between architecture and socioeconomic and cultural conditions will be investigated. Some of the examples from this study have promoted the idea of combined functional uses related to sports, cultural and commercial activities, built under a clear influence of brutalism architectural principles. Others present innovative structural and functional solutions in accordance with the most recent technology of that time which results in some of the most beautiful temples of sports architecture in this part of Europe and wider.