Papers by Satuluri Sravanthi
Journal of Structural Geology, 2017
In last 500 years, Kachchh experienced several large magnitude earthquakes (6.0≥M≤7.8), however, ... more In last 500 years, Kachchh experienced several large magnitude earthquakes (6.0≥M≤7.8), however, not all accompanied surface rupture. The 1819 Allah Bund earthquake (Mw7.8) accompanied surface rupture, whereas, the 2001 Bhuj event (Mw7.6) occurred at a depth of 23 km on E-W striking south dipping thrust fault remained blind. Discontinuities between the denser-brittle basement (?) and overlying ductile-softer Mesozoic-Tertiary-Quaternary succession resulted in a different geometry of faulting. Normal faults associated with rift were reactivated as reverse faults during inversion tectonics, propagated in sedimentary succession and arrested. Thrust-ramps developed along the discontinuities accompanied surface ruptures. Folded structures along the South Wagad Fault (SWF)-an active thrust, exhibits lateral-propagation of fold segments and linkage, suggestive of fault-related-fold growth. Paleoseismic investigations revealed evidence of at least three paleo-earthquakes. Event I occurred before 5080 BC; Event II between BC 4820 and 2320, and was probably responsible for a massive damage at Dholavira-Harappan site. Event III was between BC 1230 and 04, most likely caused severe damage to Dholavira. Archaeo-seismological Quality Factor (AQF) of 0.5 suggests that the Dholavira is vulnerable to earthquakes from nearby active faults. With 1500-2000 yr of recurrence interval, occurrence of a large magnitude earthquake on SWF cannot be ruled out.
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2015
2012 14th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), 2012
Ahichhatra, is 20 km from Bareilly district, Uttar Pradesh, one of the most ancient settlements i... more Ahichhatra, is 20 km from Bareilly district, Uttar Pradesh, one of the most ancient settlements in India. It encompasses differential accumulation of cultural and structural deposits beginning from 2500BC-1200AD. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey, involving both 2D & 3D profiling, helped in finding the buried structures at the site and also in understanding the pattern of occupancy. GPR and surface investigations carried out at Ahichhatra revealed slumped and displaced walls, warped surfaces, buried pavements and ruins of various foundations that spread over a wide range of area. These evidences are indicative of a large magnitude earthquake related damage and deformation, most likely having earthquake source in Himalayan foothills.
The study area falls in the mesoseismal zone of 1905 Kangra earthquake (Mw 7.8). To identify appr... more The study area falls in the mesoseismal zone of 1905 Kangra earthquake (Mw 7.8). To identify appropriate trenching site for paleoseismic investigation and to understand the faulting geometry, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) survey was conducted across a Hajipur Fault (HF2) scarp, a branching out fault of Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT) in a foot hill zone of NW Himalaya. Several 2D and 3D profiles were collected using 200 MHz antenna with SIR 3000 unit. A 2D GPR profile collected across the HF2 scarp revealed prominent hyperbolas and discontinuous-warped reflections, suggesting a metal pipe and a zone of deformation along a low-angle thrust fault, respectively. The 3D profile revealed remarkable variation in dip of the fault plane and pattern of deformation along the strike of the fault.
The Vigukot Fort is in ruins lying along the northern fringe of the Great Rann of Kachchh, Gujara... more The Vigukot Fort is in ruins lying along the northern fringe of the Great Rann of Kachchh, Gujarat, India This settlement is located on the left bank of the palaeochannel of the Nara river – a tributary of River Indus. We conducted Real Time Kinematics and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) surveys for surface and subsurface. The digital elevation model (DEM) reveals an average elevation ranging from 2 to 4 m from mean sea-level. Two elevated areas: EA1 (site 1) and EA2 (site 2) represent residential areas in the township. EA1 located on higher ground (3–4 m amsl) in the eastern portion comprised of a housing complex of larger dimensions. Two rooms with an area of 650 and 250 sq. ft respectively, possibly indicative of living rooms attached with a courtyard suggest that high-ranked authorities occupied this portion of the township. EA2 with low-elevation (3 m amsl) marked by a smaller residential complex may be indicative of a trade complex along the western flank of the township. On the basis of 3D GPR survey we infer two levels of settlement at EA1 and one level of settlement at EA2. EA1 remained as a residential complex as reflected from both the levels, whereas EA2 was a trading complex close to the main gateway G1. Probably two scenarios prevailed: (1) Both areas flourished likewise at the first level and might have got disturbed by an earthquake; later EA1 may have been reoccu-pied while EA2 was left to be an open trading complex at the second level (recent). (2) During the first level of occupancy, EA1 was probably a residential complex (having enclosed walls), and EA2 might be the trading complex (with partially enclosed walls lying opposite to G1). Both the areas were affected during the disaster , and the second level of occupancy EA1 was rebuilt and occupied, whereas EA2 was used without renovation. Moreover, the 1819 earthquake probably destroyed both the areas completely and led to their abandonment.
In last 500 years, Kachchh experienced several large magnitude earthquakes (6.0 ! M 7.8), however... more In last 500 years, Kachchh experienced several large magnitude earthquakes (6.0 ! M 7.8), however, not all accompanied surface rupture. The 1819 Allah Bund earthquake (Mw7.8) accompanied surface rupture, whereas, the 2001 Bhuj event (Mw7.6) occurred at a depth of 23 km on E-W striking south dipping thrust fault remained blind. Discontinuities between the denser-brittle basement (?) and overlying ductile-softer Mesozoic-Tertiary-Quaternary succession resulted in a different geometry of faulting. Normal faults associated with rift were reactivated as reverse faults during inversion tectonics, propagated in sedimentary succession and arrested. Thrust-ramps developed along the discontinuities accompanied surface ruptures. Folded structures along the South Wagad Fault (SWF) e an active thrust, exhibits lateral-propagation of fold segments and linkage, suggestive of fault-related-fold growth. Paleoseismic investigations revealed evidence of at least three paleo-earthquakes. Event I occurred before BCE 5080; Event II between BCE 4820 and 2320, and was probably responsible for a massive damage at Dholavira e Harappan site. Event III was between BCE 1230 and 04, most likely caused severe damage to Dholavira. Archaeo-seismological Quality Factor (AQF) of 0.5 suggests that the Dholavira is vulnerable to earthquakes from nearby active faults. With 1500e2000 yr of recurrence interval, occurrence of a large magnitude earthquake on SWF cannot be ruled out.
Our findings suggest that interseismic strain accumulated south of the fault ramp under the Highe... more Our findings suggest that interseismic strain accumulated south of the fault ramp under the Higher Himalayas was not only released periodically along the Himalayan frontal thrust (HFT) during large-magnitude earthquakes, but also along the active faults in the hinterland. The 4 April 1905 Kangra earthquake (M w 7.8) killed more than 20,000 people and destroyed the towns of Kangra and Dharamsala in northwest Himalaya. In spite of its large magnitude, with a maximum intensity X on the Rossi–Forel intensity scale recorded in the epicentral area, no surface rupture was reported, and no focal mechanism is available. This article uses satellite imagery and field mapping to identify an active right-lateral strike-slip fault, named the Kangra Valley fault (KVF). We infer that the KVF
2012 14th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), 2012
Ahichhatra, is 20 km from Bareilly district, Uttar Pradesh, one of the most ancient settlements i... more Ahichhatra, is 20 km from Bareilly district, Uttar Pradesh, one of the most ancient settlements in India. It encompasses differential accumulation of cultural and structural deposits beginning from 2500BC -1200AD. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey, involving both 2D & 3D profiling, helped in finding the buried structures at the site and also in understanding the pattern of occupancy. GPR and surface investigations carried out at Ahichhatra revealed slumped and displaced walls, warped surfaces, buried pavements and ruins of various foundations that spread over a wide range of area. These evidences are indicative of a large magnitude earthquake related damage and deformation, most likely having earthquake source in Himalayan foothills.
Ahichhatra, is 20 km from Bareilly district, Uttar Pradesh, one of the most ancient settlements i... more Ahichhatra, is 20 km from Bareilly district, Uttar Pradesh, one of the most ancient settlements in India. It encompasses differential accumulation of cultural and structural deposits beginning from 2500BC -1200AD. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey, involving both 2D & 3D profiling, helped in finding the buried structures at the site and also in understanding the pattern of occupancy. GPR and surface investigations carried out at Ahichhatra revealed slumped and displaced walls, warped surfaces, buried pavements and ruins of various foundations that spread over a wide range of area. These evidences are indicative of a large magnitude earthquake related damage and deformation, most likely having earthquake source in Himalayan foothills.
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Papers by Satuluri Sravanthi