Urban and Regional Planning

The Coral Triangle covers an area between the Indian and Pacific oceans that represents the global epicenter of abundant marine life and diversity. The region surrounding these oceans includes some or all of the land and seas of six countries—Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Solomon Islands, and Timor-Leste.
This report provides general information on the status of biophysical characteristics; governance; socioeconomic characteristics; and threats to, and vulnerabilities of, the coral reef ecosystems of Indonesia, part of which lies within the Coral Triangle. It outlines Indonesia’s plans and initiatives and its progress toward the conservation and sustainable use of these ecosystems

Sea and coastal areas are locations that have enormous potential that can contribute greatly to the national economic growth. The potential of marine and coastal areas includes the potential of fisheries. Fish life in shallow water or estuary is relevant to the existence of seagrass beds as their habitat. Seagrass in coastal waters is one of the attractions of fish for reproduction (spawning ground), fish growth place (nursery ground) and feeding ground. Good management requires a well-structured plan that takes into account geographical conditions and the sustainability of the plan in the future for the role of marine spatial planning. Marine spatial planning is a spatial guidance to manage well coastal and ocean areas with more integration and sustainability through identifying and mapping all marine issues. One method of mapping issues in marine spatial planning is open spatial data. The coherence and synergy of spatial planning can be achieved through dialogue between the elites and the public. A solution to bridge political communication between the elite and the public is open spatial data. In this context, the technicalities of open spatial data are important factors for achieving consensus. Relevant non-technical issues, such as data management, human resources and leadership factors are critical points for this potential open spatial data.

Located within the Coral Triangle marine biodiversity hotspot, Nusa Penida Marine Protected Area (NP MPA) is situated approximately 32 kilometers (km) off the Southeast coast of Bali Island. As a popular tourism destination, NP-MPA receives some 200,000 tourists annually.1
Established in 2010, NP-MPA is a District Marine Conservation Area (a Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Daerah: KKPD). Although recognized by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF) as an MPA, its management is the responsibility of the district (Kabupaten) of Klungkung through the District Fisheries and Marine Agency (Dinas Perikanan dan Kelautan: DPK), supported at the national level by the Marine and Coastal Resource Management Agency of the MMAF (BPSPL) Denpasar. In effect, MPA management is a coordinated effort between a Technical Implementation Unit (Unit Pelaksana Teknis: UPT) made up of DPK staff; the BPSPL; community groups; and the Coral Triangle Center (CTC; a local NGO). Since 2014, NP-MPA has been recognized as having the E-KKP3K2 ‘blue level’ of management effectiveness, a notch lower than the ‘gold standard’ for sustainable MPA management within Indonesia.
The MPA consists of three small islands and covers an area of 20,057 hectares: Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan, and Nusa Ceningan. Of the three islands, Nusa Penida is the largest and its name is often used to represent the other two islands.
NP MPA is host to a highly diverse coral ecosystem (with 296 species of coral and 576 species of reef fish), and is home to marine megafauna, including the mola mola (ocean sunfish) and manta rays that can be seen year round with some certainty. In 2015, NP-MPA’s manta-specific dive spots attracted approximately 3,5003 divers or snorkelers.
In 2014 in recognition of their value to Indonesian tourism, and the threat of overfishing faced by the species, mantas were listed as a protected species within all Indonesian waters. The result was a ban on all fishing of manta species within Indonesia’s Economic Exclusion Zone. However, manta rays continue to face challenges to their survival. Nusa Penida’s manta population faces continuing threats from illegal fishing, as well as consequences from non- targeted and unsustainable practices such as bomb fishing. What’s more, tourism, the sector that initially promoted manta protection, has been shown to have negative implications for manta conservation. In NP-MPA, increasing visitor numbers at manta dive spots and low diver compliance with the manta code of conduct also raises concerns. During high season, divers commonly impede mantas from accessing their cleaning stations, thus disturbing an important behavior. High volumes of unregulated boat traffic increase occurrences of in-water strikes, injury and disturbance. Management efforts have not been able to keep up with the implication of the growing tourism sector.

Nusa Lembongan has high marine biodiversity, one of which is seagrass. Seagrasses are Angiospermae, that live submerged in the water and grow well in shallow marine waters and estuaries. Seagrasses are not true grasses. Although they are all monocotyledons, they do not have a single evolutionary origin but are a polyphyletic group (Short et al., 2016). Seagrass consists of leaves and sheaths, creeping stems (rhizomes), and roots that grow on the rhizome. On previous estimates, seagrasses were reported in 191 countries and six global

Warming due to Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect is often found in cities with highly dense built-up areas where the ambient temperature is higher than their surroundings. Global warming, which has become a growing concern for the past decade added a different dimension to the phenomenon of warming in urban areas, because the global increase of temperature can aggravate the UHI effect and increase its impacts. The study conducted at Bandung City revealed strong evidences about the increasing trend of temperature throughout the city, but not about the existence of an UHI effect. A survey of households representing a latitudinal cross-section of the city revealed no difference of perception among people living at different latitudes. Moreover, measures taken by the citizens to respond to the warming condition appeared consistently on the adaptation side, irrespective of the latitude. In contrary, responses of the City Government were found to be implicitly geared towards mitigating both global warming and urban warming effects.

Autonomous decision-making in this study is defined as the process where decision-makers have the freedom and ability to find problems, select goals, and make decisions for achieving the selected problems/goals by themselves. Autonomous behavior is considered significant for achieving decision implementation, especially in the context of energy and environmental management, where multiple stakeholders are involved and each stakeholder holds valuable local information for making
decisions. This paper aims to build a structured process in modeling the autonomous decision-making. A practical decision-making process in waste-to-energy conversion activities in a community in Bandung, Indonesia, is selected as a case study. The decision-making process here is considered as a discrete event system, which is then represented as a Petri-net model. First, the decision-making process in the case study is decomposed into discrete events or decision-making stages, and the stakeholders’ properties in each stage are extracted from the case study. Second, several  stakeholder properties that indicate autonomous behavior are identified as autonomous properties. Third, presented is a method to develop the decision-making process as a Petri-net model. The model is utilized for identifying the critical points for verifying the performance of the derived Petri-net.

This paper develops an evaluation method for assessing autonomous decision-making performance and demonstrates it using a case study. Focusing on community decision-making practice in energy-environmental innovation projects, a decision-making model is developed using Petri-net. This empirical model is then expanded to be able to accommodate autonomous properties and more pathways to reach various decision-making outcomes. The autonomous decision-making performance evaluation is employed by simulating the impact of various levels of autonomous conditions using the expanded model stochastically. Those results are further divided into six categories, based on the conditions (autonomous, semi-autonomous, and non-autonomous) and decision outcomes (fully successful, moderately successful, and failed). For each category, the specific stakeholders' properties are analysed and explained. The categorised conditions are useful for estimating the outcomes of the particular community decision-making practice based on the stakeholders' properties. The model can be modified in order to pre-evaluate other energy and environmental related decision-making.

Sumba Iconic Island is a collective program established by the national government through the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) with various governmental and international institutions such as the National Electricity Company (PLN), Hivos, Norwegian Embassy in Jakarta, Asian Development Bank, and all level of local government from provincial, regency, municipality, district, and village level. This paper focuses on using qualitative data gained through interviews with stakeholders to find out the various operation and maintenance models of renewable energy power plants that are currently in practice in Sumba Island. This study shows that currently there are four models of operation and maintenance for systems throughout numerous villages in Sumba. The first one describes O&M being handled by trained locals, second one is handled by the village cooperative (Koperasi), the third one is collaboration between PLN and local government units or private sector, and the last one is collaboration with the private sector and village-own company (BUMDes). The first one mentioned is the weakest one, and faced many constraints such as lack of technical skill and the local peoples' limited understanding. The other three models succeeded, to a certain extent, in sustaining the renewable energy system in the particular village.

This paper develops an evaluation method for assessing autonomous decision-making performance and demonstrates it using a case study. Focusing on community decision-making practice in energy-environmental innovation projects, a decision-making model is developed using Petri-net. This empirical model is then expanded to be able to accommodate autonomous properties and more pathways to reach various decision-making outcomes. The autonomous decision-making performance evaluation is employed by simulating the impact of various levels of autonomous conditions using the expanded model stochastically. Those results are further divided into six categories, based on the conditions (autonomous, semi-autonomous, and non-autonomous) and decision outcomes (fully successful, moderately successful, and failed). For each category, the specific stakeholders' properties are analysed and explained. The categorised conditions are useful for estimating the outcomes of the particular community decision-making practice based on the stakeholders' properties. The model can be modified in order to pre-evaluate other energy and environmental related decision-making.

Sumba Iconic Island is a collective program established by the national government through the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) with various governmental and international institutions such as the National Electricity Company (PLN), Hivos, Norwegian Embassy in Jakarta, Asian Development Bank, and all level of local government from provincial, regency, municipality, district, and village level. This paper focuses on using qualitative data gained through interviews with stakeholders to find out the various operation and maintenance models of renewable energy power plants that are currently in practice in Sumba Island. This study shows that currently there are four models of operation and maintenance for systems throughout numerous villages in Sumba. The first one describes O&M being handled by trained locals, second one is handled by the village cooperative (Koperasi), the third one is collaboration between PLN and local government units or private sector, and the last one is collaboration with the private sector and village-own company (BUMDes). The first one mentioned is the weakest one, and faced many constraints such as lack of technical skill and the local peoples' limited understanding. The other three models succeeded, to a certain extent, in sustaining the renewable energy system in the particular village.

Desa wisata merupakan salah satu atraksi wisata yang dapat dikembangkan serta memberikan kontribusi yang positif bagi masyarakat. Dalam membangun desa wisata hal yang penting ialah sebuah komitmen antara pemerintah serta aparat desa, tokoh masyarakat dan organisasi desa untuk menjadikan desa sebagai desa wisata. Berdasarkan hasil kajian potensi pengembangan desa wisata Kecamatan Pagerageung Tasikmalaya Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Provinsi Jawa Barat masih perlu peningkatan pengetahuan sumber daya manusia, maka diperlukannya peran akademisi untuk memberikan literasi desa wisata pada masayarakat desa di Pagerageung. Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang program pengabdian kepada masyarakat melalui pengembangan desa binaan berbasis kemitraan di Kecamatan Pagerageung Tasikmalaya. Metode yang digunakan adalah survey awal, pelatihan, pendampingan, monitoring dan evaluasi. Survey awal yang dilakukan berfokus pada potensi desa wisata, pemahaman desa wisata di masyarakat, serta masalah yang ad...

In Indonesia, tourism is recognized as a science that allows granting a permit for establishing an undergraduate-level study program for tourism education in 2006. Various campuses in Indonesia have since opened tourism study programs. On the other hand, the debate about tourism as a science is still ongoing. Developments in the scientific world that have an impact on education need to be documented in history so that the development of tourism as science can become clear. This research uses an in-depth interview approach with tourism professors. The comparison between the arguments obtained from interviewees demands historical research that can record the development of tourism education in Indonesia. As a result, experts agree that historical research on tourism education needs to be carried out as an effort to provide tourism scientific buildings.

Problems and challenges in increasing the knowledge of partners who are ready to compete in serving tourists can be done through the interpretation of cultural arts. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential of cultural arts as a tourist attraction so that it can support the interpretation of media design. The study was carried out for six months in Lamajang Village with Pokdarwis Suryaloka as its partner. The activity approach uses the extension method in the form of knowledge transfer to partners and assistance. Primary data was obtained through observation, focus group discussions and interviews, while secondary data was obtained through several previous research documents, websites and policy documents. Descriptive qualitative data analysis became the method of analysis in this study. The results of the study found that the existence of intangible cultural heritage in Lamajang was a source for the design of the village life system of Lamajang. The four stages in the life system of Lamajang Village include the stages of birth, children, youth and adults. Each stage has a unique and meaningful artistic and cultural meaning for the people of Lamajang Village. The interpretation of the life system of Lamajang Village through visual media has the opportunity to provide education in addition to visiting tourists and the people of Lamajang Village.

The development of the digital technology affects how humans perceive aesthetics in digital media. Including how the Indonesia gastronomic presentation is perceived in digital media both visually and audio. Gastronomy is the study of food and food culture. The development of digital information technology creates a space that is full of information, how can information about the Indonesian gastronomy continue to exist in the midst of cross-cultural information on today's digital media. People's behavior is influenced by the perceptions of netizens formed from digital information media, be it social media, television media, film media, even entertainment media on demand. This study uses a phenological approach to describe how the Indonesian gastronomic aesthetics are presented in various digital media platforms, namely social media Instagram, social media Facebook, social media Youtube, digital television media, digital film media, and entertainment digital media on demand. T...

Kawasan Industri yang ada di Cikarang Bekasi memiliki posisi strategis dan peran penting sebagai Special Economic Zone di Zona Internasional (ZONI), namun selama ini keberadaan kawasan tersebut masih bersifat enclave sehingga belum mampu memberikan tricklingdown effect bagi wilayah sekitarnya. Selain itu, kawasan industri yang ada saat ini belum memiliki kelembagaan yang mampu meningkatkan supply chain sebagaimana yang terjadi di negaranegara lain (Austria, India, Pakistan, Korea, dll. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sebuah kelembagaan yang mampu mendorong pembentukan dan pengelolaan klaster industri di Cikarang Bekasi.

Despite being a common practice in other countries, bonus zoning is still relatively new in Indonesia. Bonus zoning is a zoning regulation tool that allows developers to increase density in exchange for the improvement or provision of public facilities. Bandung, in particular, has already designated areas for bonus zoning within its Local By-law No.10/2015 concerning Detailed Spatial Plan and Zoning Regulation. Its detailed mechanism however is not yet implemented. This research seeks to investigate a) the rationale behind the application of bonus zoning in Bandung; b) the carrying capacity of the areas where bonus zoning could be applied; c) the type of public space to be provided as development compensation; and d) the calculation for compensation. Content analysis was used to review literature and legal documents regarding planning and development in Bandung. This research expects to find which areas are suitable for implementing bonus zoning and come up with its compensation as ...