STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS for TRANSPORTATION MATERIALS and METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING . ‘Twenty-Eighth Edition 2008 ® PART 1A SPECIFICATIONS YUKSEL PROJE ulustararast 2.§- Adopted by the AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALSNew editions are published annually. © 2008 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. 4l! Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without permission of the publishers ‘With permission of ASTM, portions ofthis book have been reprinted andor adapted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, © 2008 and earlier, American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Permission to further reproduce any of this material must be obtained in writing from ASTM. The current, original editions of the ASTM standards are available directly from ASTM. ISBN 978-1-56051-420-6 (Four-Volume Set) Published by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 N. Capitol Street, N.W. Suite 249) Washington, D.C. 20001 (202) 624-5800 www. [Link]AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 2007-2008 President: Pete K. Rahn, Missouri Vice President: Allen Biebler, Pennsylvania Secretary/Treasurer: Carlos Braceras, Utah Regional Representatives: RegionI David Cole, Maine, One-Year Term Kris Kolluri, New Jersey, Two-Year Term Region Il Stephanie Kopelousos, Florida, One-Year Term Butch Brown, Mississippi, Two-Year Term Region III Debra Miller, Kansas, One-Year Term Kirk Steudle, Michigan, Two-Year Term Region IV Gary Ridley, Oklahoma, One-Year Term Rhonda Faught, New Mexico, Two-Year Term Immediate Past President: Victor M. Mendez, Arizona Executive Director: John C. Horsley, Washington, DC itiStandard Specification for Classification of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures for Highway Construction Purposes —KASHTO Designation: 445-91 (2004) — _— (@) yo SCOPE 1 ‘Ths recommended practice deserbes a procedure for casiying soils into seven groups base on aaaaaeretcanination of panicle ie abution, gud imi and plasticity index Evasion @ of sols within each group is made by means of a “group index,” which is a value calculated from an empirical formula. The group classification, including group index should be useful in determining the relative quality of the soil material for use in earthwork structures, particularly ‘embankments, subgrades, subbases, and bases, However, for the detailed design of important structures additional data concerning strength or performance characteristics of the soil under ficld conditions will usually be required, 12. ‘The values stated in SI units are (o be regarded as the standard, 2. “REFERENCED DOCUMENTS ~ 24 AASHTO Standards: mT 11, Materials Finer Than 75-m (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing mT 27, Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates _T'87, Dry Preparation of Disturbed Soil and Soil Aggregate Samples for Test mT 88, Particle Size Analysis of Soils & 189, Determining the Liquid Limit of Soils @ ‘90, Determining the Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index of Soils mT 146, Wet Preparation of Disturbed Soil Samples for Test 22. ASTM Standard: D140, Amount of Materia! in Soils Finer Than the No. 200 (75-yim) Sieve Note 1—Either T 88, or T 11 and T 27, or ASTM D 1140 will be used to determine the particle size distribution of soils or soil-aggregate mixtures as a basis for classification. 3. CLASSIFICATION 34 The classification is made by using the test limits and group index values shown in Table 1. Ifa more detailed classification is desited, a further subdivision of the groups shown in Table 1 may be made. An example of the classification with such subgroups as shown in Table | may’ be mede. ‘An example of the classification with such subgroups is shown in Table 2. The liquid fimit and plasticity index ranges for the A-4, A-5, A-6, and A-7 soil groups are shown graphically in Figure 2, TS-1b M 145-1 ‘AASHTO.299) gm 110 A eda Yo Tap on paar Rae PT "DUES pUE JoaniB Kade|o 40 AIS pues | ‘pues pur joan ay_| snout soos Stevia oman wg sa ms aT wT | OT | aT | aN com pA ums iy | sawoy | oni | aewar | - : (09 oN) wm sey Saeed wnony jo marae wae | am | Pe PRISE | RT | UT eae eT PRS ‘ot DSL een eee eee ee tte | amos ond sz ~}-]-}f- fo, 5] 5) 5 peep oN) wa 002 wy SV | [ev [bev [oew [sev | rev fev ty (wits {unl ¢[ Sursseg S897 10 WddI2g SE) Buysseg maaiog se ue 210) sqeuDyeyy zejnueID) vonwaysseio ressua SIPURIEH KIDS Sainnapy aw ADT i05 pu s:05 Jo wONNDUINEL—e OIGEL = | {ym Jo yes oo Sop sa MR ee es -V Ama ey a oa ae TOA WAT a a 7 weuor | away | xem op TRE TOE TRE SE THis a aT mae ~ — ~ — ~ ona corona ser - = = = = : (or sede go spent asi onfeo os 7 ov wv rv, ev =v ‘WoRPAITSS dnoasy 7 (ant §7 Busse WwaDiea SE URAL, OR) (uit S] aang sso 90 HDG SE seuayeyy Keiriis syeuareyy eines) ‘Sainungy SH BSATTY-[OS PU SLOg Jo UONEDUNSGID—y OFGEL, ‘AASHTO M 145-2 TS-ib32. Classification Procedure—With required test data available, proceed from left to right in Table 1 or Table 2 and the correct group will be found by process of elimination. The first group from the left into which the test data will fit is the correct classification. All limiting test values are shown as whole numbers. If fractional numbers appear on test reports, convert to nearest whole number for purposes of classification. Group index values should always be shown in parentheses after ‘group symbol as; A-2-6(3), A-4(5), A-6(12), A-7-5(17), ete 4. DEFINITIONS OF GRAVEL, SAND, AND SILT-CLAY 4A ‘The terms “gravel,” “coarse sand,” and “silt-clay,” as determinable from the minimum test data ‘required in this classification arrangement and as used in subsequent word descriptions, are defined as follows 44d. gravel-—material passing sieve with 75-mm (3-in.) square openings and retained on the 2.00-mm e (Wo. 10) sieve. 44.2. coarse sand—material passing the 2.00-mm (No. 10) sieve and retained on the 0.425-mm (No. 40) sieve. 4413. fine sand—material passing the 0.425-mm (No. 40) sieve and retained on the 75-um (No. 200) sieve, 414. silt clay (combined silt and clay)—material passing the 75-um (No, 200) sieve. 415. Boulders and Cobbles (retained on 75-mm (3-in.) sieve) should be excluded from the portion of ‘the sample to which the classification is applied, but the percentage of such material, if any, in the sample should be recorded, 416. ‘The term “silty” is applied to fine material having plasticity index of 10 or less and the term “clayey” is applied to fine material having plasticity index of 11 or greater 5. DESCRIPTION OF CLASSIFICATION GROUPS 6 5.4, Granular Materials—Containing 35 percent or less passing 75--1m (No. 200) sieve, Note 2 BAA. Group A-1—The typical material of this group is a well-graded mixture of stone fragments ot gravel, coarse sand, fine sand, and a nonplastic or feebly plastic soil binder. However. this group also includes stone fragments, gravel, coarse sand, volcanic cinders, etc. without soil binder BAA. Subgroup A-I-a includes those materials consisting predominantly of stone fragments or gravel, either with or without a well-graded binder of fine material BAZ. Subgroup 4-1-b includes those materials consisting predominantly of coarse sand either with or without a well-graded soil binder. 51.2 Group A-3—The typical material ofthis group is fine beach sand or fine desert blow sand without silty or clay fines or with a very small amount of nonplastic silt. The group includes also stream- deposited mixtures of poorly graded fine sand and limited amounts of coarse sand and gravel TS-1b M1453 ‘AASHTO51.3.1 [Link], 52. 5.2.1. 5.2.2. 5.23. 5.24, [Link] 5.24.2 TSib Group 4-2—This group includes a wide variety of “granular” materials which are borderline between the materials falling in Groups A-1 and A-3 and silt-clay materials of Groups A-d, AS A-6, and A-7, It includes all materials containing 35 percent or less passing the 75-im (No. 203) sieve which cannot be classified as A-1 or A-3, due to fines content or plasticity or both, in excess of the limitations for those groups. Subgroups A-2-4 and A-2-5 include various granular materials containing 35 percent or less passing the 75-ym (No. 200) sieve and with a minus 0.425-mm (No. 40) portion having the characteristics of the A-4 and A-5 groups. These groups include such materials as gravel and id with silt. ccs in excess of the i rou? fine sand with nonplastic silt content in excess of the limitations of Group A-3. amt Subgroups A-2-6 and A-2-7 include materials similar to those described under Subgroups A-2-4 and A-2-5 except that the fine portion contains plastic clay having the characteristics of the A~€ or A-? group. Note 2-—Classification of materials in the various groups applies only to the fraction passing the 75-mm (3-in.) sieve. Therefore, any specifications regarding the use of A-1, A-2, or A-3 materials in construction should state whether boulders retained on the 75-mm (3-in.) sieve are permitted Silt-Clay Materials~-Containing more than 35 percent passing the 75-ym (No. 200) sieve. Group A-4—The typical material of this group is a nonplastic or moderately plastic silty soil usually having the 75 percent or more passing the 75-sum (No. 200) sieve. The group includes also mixtures of fine silty soil and up to 64 percent of sand and gravel retained on 75-1m (No. 200) sieve. Group A-5—The typical material of this group is similar to that described under Group A~4, except that itis usually of diatomaceous or micaccous character and may be highly elastic as indicated by the high liquid limit, Group A-6—The typical material of this group is a plastic clay soil usually having 75 percent or ‘more passing the 75-s1m (No. 200) sieve. The group includes also mixtures of fine clayey soil and ¥up to 64 percent of sand and gravel retained on the 75-jm (No, 200) sieve. Materials ofthis groap usually have high-volume change between wet and dry states, Group A-7—The typical material ofthis group is similar to that described under Group A-6, except that it has the high liquid limits characteristic of the A-S group and may be elastic as well as subject to high-volume change, Subgroup A-7-$ includes those materials with moderate plasticity indexes in relation to liquid limit and which may be highly elastic as well as subject to considerable volume change. Subgroup A-7-6 includes those materials with high plasticity indexes in relation to liquid limit and Which are subject to extremely high-volume change. Note 3—Highly organic soils (peat or muck) may be classified in an A-8 group. Classification cof these materials is based on visual inspection, and is not dependent on percentage passing the ‘75-um (No. 200) sieve, liquid limit, or plasticity index. The material is composed primarily of Partially decayed organic matter, generally has a fibrous texture, dark brown or black color, and an odor of decay ‘These organic materials are unsuitable for use in embankments and subgrades, They are highly: compressible and have low strength. M1464 ‘AASHTO6. GROUP INDEX 64 ‘The group index is calculated from the following formula: Group index = (F — 35) [0.2 + 0.005 (LL ~ 40)] + 0.01 (F ~ 15) (PI- 10) where: F percentage passing 75-m (No. 200) sieve, expressed as a whole number, This percentage is based only on the material passing the 75-mm (3-in.) sieve. _ _ LL_= liquid limit, and PI = plasticity index. — ~ — 614. ‘When the calculated group index is negative, the group index shall be reported as zero, 6.1.2 ‘The group index should be reported to the nearest whole number. 62. Figure 1 may be used in estimating the group index, by determining the partial group index: due to liquid limit and that due to plasticity index, then obtaining the total of the two partial ‘group indexes. 63. ‘When calculating the group index of A-2-6 and A-2-7 subgroups, only the PI portion of the formula (or of Figure 1) shall be used. 64. The following are examples of calculations of the group index: 644 Assume that an A-6 material has $5 percent passing the 75-m (No. 200) sieve, liquid limit of 40. and plasticity index of 25. Then, Group index = (55 — 35) (0.2 + 0.005 (40 — 40)] + 0.01 (55 ~ 15) (25-10) = 4.0+6.0= 10 64.2. Assume that an A-7 material has 80 percent passing the 75-m (No. 200) sieve, liquid limit of 90, and plasticity index of $0. Then, Group index = (80 ~ 35) (0.2 ~ 0.005 (90 - 40)] + 0.01 (80 ~ 15) (50 ~ 10) = 20.3 + 26.0, or 46.3 6.43. ‘Assume that an A-4 material has 60 percent passing the 75-jum (No, 200) sieve, liquid limit of 25, and plasticity index of 1. Then, Group index = (60 ~ 35) [0.2 + 0.005 (25 ~ 40)] + 0.01 (60 ~ 15) (1 ~ 10) = 0.01 (45) (-9) = 3.14.1 =- 1.0 Report as zero, % (0.2~0.075) + 644. Assume that an A-2-7 material has 30 percent passing the 75-yim (No. 200) sieve, liquid limit of 50, and plasticity index of 30. Then, Group index = 0.01 (30 ~ 15) (30 ~ 10) =3.0 or 3 (Note that only the PI portion of formula was used.) TS-1b ES ~ AASHTO{Group Index (GI) = (F-35)]0.2 + 0.005(LL-40)] + 0.01(F-15\PI-10) t where F = Percent Passing [Link] sieve, L = Liquid Limi, t 1 ‘and PI = Piatt Index. \When working with A-2-6 an A-2-7 Subgroups the Partial Group Index (PGI) |s determined from the Pl oaly. \Whan the combined Parial Group Indices are negate, the Group Index shouldbe reported as 2070 8 Partial Group inex Percent Passing 0.075-mm (No, 200) Sieve L100 Figure 1—Group Index Chart M1456 °° ‘AASHTO70) TTI T T | | | ~ 4 Ci | vA 60 + j T 1 | * _ I I I i | | oo t z | I I ate | | I | %0-— T 7% e {fi | I im I 20 1 Azel | | ATS | TL nat _| f 10 1 | Lia im | | T T o- ltt nee Zz . 0 2 % 4 8 6 7 6 © 100 que Lit [Note A-2 Sols on ss thn 35 perenne than the 7S (No. 200) sve Figure 2—Liquid Limit and Plasticity Index Ranges for Silt-Clay Materials 7 BASIS FOR GROUP INDEX FORMULA 7A. ‘The empirical group index formula devised for approximately within-group evaluation of the “clayey granular materials” and the “silt-clay materials” is based on the following assumptions: TAA. ‘Materials falling within Groups A-I-a, A-I-b, A-2-4, A-2-5, and A-3 are satisfactory as subgrade ‘when properly drained and compacted under moderate thickness pavement (base and/or surface ‘course) of a type suitable for the traffic to be carried, or can be made satisfactory by additions of small amounts of natural or artificial binders 712. Materials falling within the “clayey granular” Groups A-2-6 and A-2-7 and the “slt-clay” Groups ‘Act, A-S, A-6, and A-7 will range in quality as subgrade from the approximate equivalent of the good A-2-4 and A-2-5 subgrades to fair and poor subgrades requiring a layer of subbase material cr an increased thickness of base course over that required under Section 7.1.1 in order to furnish adequate support for traffic loads. 71.3, ‘The assumed critical minimum percentage passing the 75-m (No. 200) sieve is 35 neglecting Flasticity, and 15 as affected by plasticity indexes greater than 10. TAS. Liquid limits of 40 and above are assumed to be critical. TAS. indexes of 10 and above are assumed to be critical TAS. For soils that are non-plastic and when the liquid limit cannot be determined, the group index shall ‘be considered zero, TS-1b M1457 ‘AASHTO72. 73. TS-16 There is no upper limit of group index value obtained by use of the formula. The adopted critical values of percentage passing the 75-um (No. 200) sieve, liquid limit and plasticity index, are based on an evaluation of subgrade, subbase and base course materials by several highway organizations that use the tests involved in this classification system. Under average conditions of good drainage and thorough compaction, the supporting value of ‘material as subgrade may be assumed as an inverse ratio to its group index; that is, a group index of zero indicates a “good” subgrade material and a group index of 20 or greater indicates a “very poor” subgrade material. M145-8 ‘AASHTOStandard Specification for Terms Relating to Subgrade, Soil-Aggregate, and Fill Materials —_— AASHTO Designation: M-446-94 (2004) SCOPE “4 ‘These definitions cover terms used in descriptions and specifications of materi oecutng a or sees elie conseuton of sabgrdes,sitapargete bane and surface couse, and fils @ 12. “The values ated Stunts are tobe regarded ashe standard 2. DEFINITIONS OF ROCK AND SOIL 2a rock natural soi mineral mv occuring in large masses orogens. 22 seil—sedimens or ther unconsolidated scumlatos of slid particles produced by the physical and chemical disintegration of rocks, and which may or may not contain organic matter. 23. broken rock—angular fragments of rock which will be retained on a 75-mm (3-in.) 2.4. cobble (cobblestone)—a rock fragment, usually rounded or semi-rounded, with an average dimension between 75 and 305 mm (3 and 12 in.). 25 boulder—a rock fragment, usually rounded by weathering or abrasion, with an average dimension cf 305 mm (12 in.) or more. @ 3. DEFINITIONS OF SOIL-AGGREGATE AND ITS COMPONENTS 34 soil-aggregate (dense-graded aggregate)—natural or prepared mixtures consisting predominately cf stone, gravel or sand and containing silt-clay (minus 75-um (No. 200) material) 32. ‘binder (soil binder)—portion of soil passing 0.425-mm (No. 40) sieve 33, stone—crushed or naturally angular particles of rock that will pass @ 75-mm (3-in.) sieve and be retained on a 2,00-mim (No. 10) sieve 3.34. coarse stone—stone passing the 75-mm (3-in.) sieve and retained on the 25.0-mm (1-in.) sieve. 3.3.2, medium stone—stone passing the 25,0-mm (-in.) sieve and retained on the 9.5-mm (*/in.) sieve 3.3.3. _jine stone—stone passing the 9.5-mm (*y-in.) sieve and retained on the 2,00-mm (No. 10) sieve. TS-1b 146-1 ‘AASHTO34. gravel—rounded particles of rock that will pass a 75-mm (3-in,) sieve and be retained on @ 2.00-mm (No. 10) sieve, 344 coarse gravel—gravel passing the 75-mm (3-in.) sieve and retained on the 25.0-mm (I-in.) sieve. 3.4.2. medium gravel—gravel passing the 25.0-mm (1-in.) sieve and retained on the 9.5-mm. Ciein, sieve 3.4.3. fine gravel—gravel passing the 9.5-mm ("in.) sieve and retained on the 2.00-mm (Ni 35. sandl—granular material resulting from the disintegration, grinding, or erushing of rock and which. will pass the 2,00-mm (No. 10) sieve and be retained on the 75-jum (No. 200) sieve, 35.1 coarse sand—sand passing the 2,00-mm (No. 10) sieve and retained on the 0.425-mm (No. 40) sieve. 35.2. ‘ine sand-sand passing the 0.425-mm (No. 40) sieve and retained on the 75-um INo. 200) sieve. 36. siltclay (minus 75-ym (No. 200) material)—fine soil particles which will pass the 75-pm (No. 200) sieve. 364 silt fraction—material passing the 75-ym (No. 200) sieve and larger than 0.002 mm. 362. élay fraction —material smaller than 0,002 mn. 36.3. colloids material smaller than 0.001 mm, 4. DEFINITIONS OF PAVEMENT SUBSTRUCTURE COMPONENTS 44 «embankment foundation—the material on which an embankment is placed 42. éembankinent (il) —a raised structure of soil, soil-aggregate, or rock 43, subgrade (basement soil)—the prepated and compacted soil immediately below the pavement system and extending to such depth as will affect the structural design, 44, suwbbase—the layer used in the pavement system between the subgrade and the base course 45. ‘ase—the layer used in a pavement system to reinforce and protect the subgrade or subbase TS1b M 146-2 ‘AASHTOStandard Specification for Materials for Aggregate and Soil-Aggregate Subbase, Base, and Surface Courses —— AASHTO Designation: — 1. 44 12 SCOPE ‘his pecicaton covers the quality and gang of andlay mixture; gravel, tone, o ag wisi or sand, casbe en couse aggregate consising of gravel emshed sone sig wih @ ‘of without soil mortar or any combination of these materials for use in the construction of subbase, SR aac couse, The equrmens re inended to cove ony tae having normal o average specific gravity, absorption, and gradation characteristics, Where other materials are to de thd approprte is ulable toto se mist be specie. ‘The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard, 24. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS AASHTO Standards M14, Calcium Chloride 1.2, Sampling of Aggregates 1711, Materials Finer Than 75-pm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Agaregates by Washing 27, Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Agaregates 1 87, Dry Preparation of Disturbed Soil and Soil Aggregate Samples for Test 1 8, Panicle Size Analysis of Soils 7 80, Deterining the Liquid Limit of Soil a 7790, Determining te Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index of Soils T 96, Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine iT 146, Wet Preparation of Disturbed Soil Samples for Test 34 344 TS-1b GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Coarse Aggregate Coarse aggregate retained on the 2.00-mm (No, 10) sieve shall consist of hard, durable particles or fragments of stone, gravel, or slag. Materials that break up when alternately frozen and thawed or swetted and dried shall not be used. Coarse aggregate shall have a percentage of wear, by the Los Angeles test, T 96, of not more than 50. M1474 ‘AASHTONote 1—A higher or lower percentage of wear may be specified by the engineer, depending upon the materials available for the work. 32. Fine Aggregate: 3.24. Fine aggregate passing the 2.00-mm (No. 10) sieve shall consist of natural or crushed sand, and fine mineral particles passing the 75-m (No. 200) sieve. ___3.2.2.__The faction passing the 75-yum (No. 200) sieve shall not be greater than two-thirds of the fraction. ‘passing the 0.425-mm (No. 40) sieve, The fraction passing the 0.425-mm sieve shall have a liquid limit not greater than 25 and a plasticity index not greater than 6. 33 AAll material shall be free from vegetable matter and lumps or balls of clay. The soil-aggregate ‘material shall conform to the grading requirements of Table 1. The grading requirements for @ composite aggregate material will be specified by the engineer. Table 4—Grading Requirements for Soil-Agaregate Materials Sieve Designation Mass Peroent Passing Standard, Grading Grading Grading ‘Grading Grading Grading mm_"_ Alternate A B c D E F 300 Ti T00 109 = = 250 Vie, - 75.95 100 100 100 100 9s ain, 30-65 40-75 50-85 6-100 - _ 415 Nad 25-55 30-60 35-65 50-85 200 No.1 15-40 20-48 25.90 40-70 40-100 oars Nod #20 15-30 1530 25.48 20-50 015 __N.200 28 5-20 sis 5.20 6-20 4 SUBBASE MATERIALS 4A Materials for subbase shall conform to the requirements of Sections 3 and 4 for Gradings A, B,C, e DE, or F. The type and grading desired shall be specified Note 2—Where local experience has shown that lower percentages passing the 75-tm (No, 209) sieve than are required in Table 1 are necessary for subbase materials in order to prevent damage by fost action, the engineer should specify such lower percentages, 5 BASE COURSE MATERIALS 51 Materials for base course shall conform to the requirements of Section 3 for Gradings A, B, C.D, E, or F. The grading desired shall be specified Note 3—Where local experience has shown that lower percentages passing the sieve than are required in Table | are nec damage by frost action, the engineer shoul -um (No. 209) sary for base course materials in order to prevent specify such lower percentages. M 147-2 ‘AASHTO6. SURFACE COURSE MATERIALS 6.1. Materials for surface course shall conform to the requirements of Sections 3 and 4 for Gradings C, D, E, or F. The gradings desired shall be specified, Note 4—Where itis planned thatthe soil aggregate surface course i to be maintained for several years without bituminous surface treatment or other superimposed impervious surfacing, the ‘engineer should specify a minimum of eight percent passing 75-yum (No. 200) sieve in liew ofthe ‘minimum percentages shown in Table I for Grading C, D, or E, and should specify a maximum ——tiyuid limit ot 35-and plasticity index range of fourto-nine i lieu ofthe limits given in Seetion 3.2.2. 7. MOISTURE CONTENT 7A ‘All materials shall contain moisture equal to or slightly below the optimum necessary to insure e that the design density requirements are obtained when materials are compacted ADMIXTURE a4 Calcium chloride used forthe control of moisture shall meet the requirements of M 144. 9. METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING 9.1 ‘Sampling and testing shall be in accordance with the following standard methods of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials: = Sampling, T2 Sieve analysis, T 27 or T 88 Preparing samples, T 87 Liguid limit, T 89 Plastic limit and plasticity index, T 90 Percentage of wear, T 96 a Passing, 75-ym (No. 200 sieve), T 11 M 147-3 ‘AASHTO