2007 SECTION Ih, PAR A, TEST METHODS AND DEFINITIONS FOR MECHANICAL TESTING OF STEEL PRODUCTS & cs SA-370 (dentical with ASTM Specification A 370.05) 1. Scope 1.1. These test methods coverprocedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of wrought and cas stccls stain less stecls, and related alloys. The various mechanical tests herein described are used to determine properties required in the product specifications. Variations in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard methods of testing are to be followed (0 obtain reproducible and comparable results, In those cases in which the testing requirements for certain products are unique or at variance with these general proce- dures, the product specification testing requirements shall contol 1.2 The following mechanical tests are described: Sections “Tension Sid Bent 14 Herdness is Brinelt 16 Rockvell 0 Poriabie 16 Impact 191028 ‘Keywords » 1.3 Annexes covering details peculiar to cestain prod 2 P re appended to these test methods as follows: Anne: Bar Products Aud ‘Tubular Products ‘Anes AZ Fesieners ‘Annes A3 Round Wire Products ‘Annex At igniicance of Notehed-Bor Impact Testing ‘Anes AS ouverting Pesceatage Elongation of Round Specimens Annex AG {to Eguivalent for Fat Specimens Testing Multi-Wire Strand ‘Annes A7 Rounding of Test Dats Annes AB Methods for Testing Sts! Reinforcing Bars ‘Annex AD Procedure for Use and Contol of Hest-Cycte Simulation Anex 10 14 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard, 683 1.5. When this document is referenced in a metric prod- ‘uct specification, the yield and tensile values may be deter- ‘mined in inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into SI (MPa) units. The elongation determined in inch-pound gage lengths of 2 or 8 in. may be reported in ST unit gage lengths of S0 or 200 mm, respectively, as applicable, Conversely, when this document is referenced in an inch- pound product specification, the yield and tensile values, Imay be determined in SI units then converted into inch- pound units, The elongation determined in SI unit gage lengths of 50 or 200 mm may be reported in inch-pound ‘gage lengths of 2 or 8 in., respectively, as applicable, 1.6 Attention is directed to Practices A 880 and E 1595 ‘when there may he a need for information on criteria for evaluation of testing laboratories 17 This standard does uot purport 10 address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use, It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish ‘appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory tinnitations prior to use Referenced Documents 24 ASTM Standards: A703/A 703M Specification for Steel Castings, General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts A781/A 781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use A 833 Practice for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Mate rials by Comparison Hardness Testers A 880 Practice for Criteria for Use in Evaluation of Testing Laboratories and Organizations for Examination and Inspection of Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanica Testing E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials osa-370 E 8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materi- als (Metric) E 10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Mate- rials E 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials E23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten- someter System E110 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Metalic Materials by Portable Hardness Testers E 190 Test Method for Guided Bend Test for Ductiity of Welds E 200 Test Method for Bend ‘Testing of Material for Duc- tility 1595 Practice for Evaluating the Performance of Mechianieal Testing Laboratories 2.2. ASME Document ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1, Part UG-8 General Precautions 3.1 Certain methods of fabrication, such as bending, forming, and welding, or operations involving heating, may affect the properties of the material under test. Therefore, the product specifications cover the stage of manufacture at which mechanical testing isto be performed. The properties shown by testing prior to fabrication may not necessarily be representative of the product after thas been completely fabricated, 3.2 Improper machining or preparation of test speci ‘mens may give erroneous results. Care should be exercised to assure good workmanship in machining. Improperly machined specimens should be discarced and other speci mens substituted. 3.3 Flaws in the specimen may also affect results. If ny test specimen develops flaws, the retest provision of the applicable product specification shall govern. 34 If any test specimen fails because of mechanical reasons such a failure of testing equipment or improper specimen preparation, it may be discarded and another specimen taken. Orientation of Test Specimens 41 The terms “longitudinal test” and “transverse test” are used only in material specifications for wrought prod- ucts and are not applicable to castings. When such reforence eas 2007 SECTION TE, PART A is made to a test coupon or test specimen, the following definitions apply: 411 Longitudinal Test, unless specifically defined otherwise, signifies that the lengthwise axis ofthe specimen is parallel to the direction of the greatest extension of the steel during rolling or forging. The stress applied to a fongitudinal tension test specimen is in the direction of the greatest extension, and the axis of the fold of a longitudinal bend test specimen is at right angles to the direction of greatest extension (Fig. 1, Fig. 2a, and 2b). 4.1.2. Transverse Test, unless specifically defined otherwise, signifies that the lengthwise axis of the specimen is at right angles to the direction of the greatest extension ‘of the steel during rolling or forging. The stress applied to a transverse tension test specimen is at right angles to ‘the greatest extension, and the axis of the fold of a trans- verse bend test specimen is parallel tothe greatestextension ig. 0. 42. The terms “radial test” and “tangential test” are used in material specifications for some wrought circular products and are not applicable to castings. When such reference is made to a test coupon or test specimen, the following definitions apply: 42.1 Radial Test, unless specifically defined other- wise, signifies that the lengthwise axis of the specimen is pespendicular to the axis of the product and coincident ‘with one of the radii of a circle drawn with a point on the axis of the product as « center (Fig, 2a). 4.2.2 Tangential Test, unless specifically defined otherwise, signifies that the lengthwise axis of the specimen is perpendicailar to a plane containing the axis of the prod- uct and tangent to a circle drawn with a point on the axis of the product as a center (Fig. 28, 2b, 2c, and 2d) TENSION TEST 5. Description 1. The tension test related 10 the mechanical testing of steel products subjects a machined or full-section sped ‘men of the material under examination to a measured load sufficient to cause rupture. The resulting properties sought are defined in Terminology E 6. 5.2. In general, the testing equipment and methods are given in Test Methods E 8. Howover, there are certain ‘exceptions to Test Methods E 8 practices in the testing of steel, and these are covered in these test methods. 6 Terminology 6.1 For definitions of terms pertaining to tension test- ing, including tensile strength, yield point, yield strength,2007 SECTION 1, Pa clongation, and reduction of area, reference should be made to Terminology E 6. 7. Testing Apparatus and Operations 7A. Loading Systems — There are two general types of Joading systems, mechanical (screw power) and hydraulic. ‘These differ chiefly in the variability of the rate of load application. The older screw power machines are limited toa small number of fied free running crosshead speeds. Some modem screw power machines, and all hydraulic ‘machines permit stopless variation throughout the range of speeds 7.2. ‘The tension testing machine shall be maintained in ood operating condition, used only in the proper loading 1ge, and calibrated periodically in accordance with the Jatest revision of Practices E 4 NOTE 1 — Many machines are equipped with stres-sin seco for avtographie plating of siese-stain enves. I shoal be note st some recorders have sland messing component etely separate fom te lead indicator ofthe testing machine. Sch renaders ave ealibated separately, —It is the function of the gripping or device of the testing machine to transmit the load from the heads of the machine to the specimen under test. The essential requirement is that the load shall be transmitted axially. This implies that the centers of the action of the grips shall be in alignment, insofar as practic ble, with the axis of the specimen at the beginning and during the test and that bending or twisting be field to a ‘minimum. For specimens with a reduced section, gripping ‘of the specimen shall be restricted to the grip section. In the case of certain sections tested in full size, nonaxial loading is unavoidable and in such cases shall he petmis- sible 74. Speed of Testing — The speed of testing shall not be greater than that at which load and strain readings can bbe made accurately. In production testing, speed of testing is commonly expressed: (/) in terms of free running cross head speed (rate of movement of the crosshead of the testing machine when not under load), (2) in terms of rate of separation of the two heads of the testing machine under Joad, (3) in terms of rate of stressing the specimen, or (4) in terms of rate of straining the specimen, The following limitations on the speed of testing are recommended as adequate for most steel prodaets: NOTE 2— ‘Tension teas using closed-loop machines (with feedback contol of rate) shoul te perme sig lod conto, a his ee ‘of tesig wil result in aeeteration of he rose upon yielding and on of the messured yield suength 74.1 Any convenient speed of testing may be used up to one half the specified yield point or yield strength, 645 When this pointis reached, the free-ranning rate of sepa tion ofthe crossheads shall be adjusted so as not to exceed yo in. per min per inch of reduced section, oF te distance between the grips for test specimens not having reduced sections. This speed shall be maintained through the yield point or yield strength. In determining the tensile strength, the free-running rate of separation of the heads shall not exceed 15 in. per min per inch of reduced section, or the distance between the grips for test specinvens not having reduced sections, In any event, the minimum speed of testing shall not be Tess than Mp the specified maximum sates for determining yield point or yield strength and tensile strength 742. It shall be permissible to set the speed of the testing machine by adjusting the free running crosshead speed to the above specified values, inasmuch as the rate ‘of separation of heads under load at these machine settings is less than the specified values of free running erasshead speed 743. As an alternative, ifthe machine is equipped with a device to indicate the rate of loading, the speed of the machine from half the specified yield point or yield sirengih Unrough the yield point or yield strength may be adjusted so that the rate of stressing does not exceed 100 (000 psi (690 MPay/min. However, the minimum rate of siressing shall not be loss than 10 000 psi (70 MPa)/min, 8. n Parameters . Test Speci 8.1. Selection — Test coupons shall be selected in ‘accordance with the applicable product specifications, 8.1.1 Wrought Sigels — Wrought steel products are usually tested in the Tongitudinal direction, but in some cases, where size permits and the service justifies it, testing is in the transverse, radial, or tangential directions (see Fig, 1 and Fig. 2) 8.1.2 Forged Steels —For open die forgings. the metal for tension testing is usually provided by allowing extensions or prolongations on one or both ends of the forgings, either on all or a representative number as pro- vided by the applicable product specifications, Test speci- ‘mens are normally taken at mid-radius, Certain product specifications permit the use of a representative bar or the destruction of a production part for test purposes. For ring or disk-like forgings test metal is provided by inereasing the diameter, thickness, or length of the forging. Upset disk or ring forgings, which are worked or extended by forging in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the forg ing, usually have their principal extension along concentric circles and for such forgings tangential tension specimens are obiained from extra metal on the periphery or end of the forging. For some forgings, such as rotors, radial ten- sion tests are required. In such cases the specimens are cut ‘or trepanned from specified locationssa-s70 8.13 Cast Steels — Test coupons for castings from ‘which tension test specimens are prepared shall be in accor- dance with the requirements of Specifications ‘A703/ 703M or A 781/A 781M, as applicable. 82. Size and Tolerances —‘Test specimens shall be the fall thickness or section of material as-tolled, or may be machined to the form and dimensions shown in Figs. 3-6, inclusive. The selection of size and type of specimen is prescribed by the applicable product specification, Full section specimens shall be tested in & in, (200 sm) gage length unless otherwise specified in the product specifi cation. 83 Procurement of Test Specimens — Specimens shall be sheared, blanked, sawed, trepanned, or oxygen-cut from portions of the material, They are usually machined so as to have a reduced cross section at mid-length in order to obtain uniform distribution of the stress over the cross section and to localize the zone of fracture. When test coupons are sheared, blanked, sawed, or oxygen-cut, care shall be taken to remove by machining all distorted, cold- ‘worked, orheat-affected arcas from the edges of the section usec in evaluating the test 8.4 Aging of Test Specimens — Unless otherwise speci- fied, it shall be permissible to age tension test specimens. ‘The time-temperature cycle employed must be sueh that the effects of previous processing will not be materially changed, It may be accomplished by aging at room temper ature 24 to 48 h, or in shorter time at moderately elevated temperatures by boiling in water, heating in ofl or in an oven. 8S Measurement of Dimensions of Test Specimens: 8.5.1 Standard Rectangular Tension Test Speei- ‘mens — These forms of specimens are shown in Fig. 3 ‘To determine the cross-sectional area, the center width «dimension shall be measured to the nearest 0.005 in, (0.13 mm) for the & in. (200 mm) gage length specimen and 0.001 in, (0.025 mum) for the 2 in, (50 mm) gage length specimen in Fig, 3. The center thickness dimension shall bbe measured to the nearest 0.001 in. for both specimens. 8.5.2 Standard Round Tension Test Specimens —~ ‘These forms of specimens are shown in Fig. 4 and Fig, 5. To determine the cross-sectional area, the dismeter shall bbe measured at the center of the gage length to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) (see Table 1). 8.6 General —Test specimens shall be either substan. tially full size or machined, as prescribed in the product, specifications for the material being tested, 8.6.1. Improperly prepared test specimens often cause unsatisfactory test results. It is important, therefore, that care be exercised in the preparation of specimens, particu- larly in the machining, to assure good workmanship, 646 2007 SECTION IL, PART A 8.6.2 It is desirable to have the cross-sectional area of the specimen smallest at the center of the gage length to ensure fracture within the gage length. This is provided for by the taper in the gage length permitted for each of the specimens described in the following sections. 8.6.3 Forbrittle materials itis desirable to have filets of large radius at the ends of the gage length, 9. Plate-Type Specimen 91 The standard plate-iype test specimen is shown in Fig. 3, This specimen is used for testing metallic materials in the form of plate, structural and bar-size shapes, and flat matetial having @ nominal thickness of % in. (5 mm) or over. When product specifications so permit, other types of specimens may be used. NOTE 3.— When clled for inthe product specication, he & in, gape length spesinon of Fig. 3 may be used fer sheet an stip mace. 10. Sheet-Type Specimen 10.1 The standard sheottype test specimen is shown in Fig. 3. This specimen is used for testing metallic materi als in the form of sheet, plate, flat wire, strip, band, and hoop ranging in nominal thickness from 0,005 to % in. (0.13 to 19 mm), When product specifications so permit, ‘other types of specimens may be used, as provided in Section 9 (see Note 3) 11. Round Specimens 11.1 The standard 0.500 in. (12.5 mm) diameter round test specimen shown in Fig. 4 is used quite generally for testing metallic materials, both cast and wrought. 11.2. Fig. 4 also shows small size specimens propor tional to the standard specimen. These may be used when it is necessary to test material from which the standard specimen or specimens shown in Fig, 3 cannot be prepared Other sizes of small round specimens may be used. In any such small size specimen it is important that the gage Tength for measurement of elongation be four times the diameter of the specimen (see Note 4, Fig. 4). 11.3. The shape of the ends of the specimens outside of the gage length shall be suitable to the material and of a shape 10 fit the holders or grips of the testing machine ‘so that the loads are applied axially. Fig, 5 shows specimens with various types of ends that have given satisfactory results 12. Gage Marks 12.1 The specimens shown in Figs. 3-6 shall be gage marked with a center punch, scribe marks, multiple device,20077 SECTION IL, PART A or drawn with ink, The purpose of these gage marks is t0 ddotermine the percent elongation. Punch marks shall be light, sharp, and accurately spaced. The localization of stress at the marks makes a hare specimen susceptible (0 starting fracture at the punch marks. The gage marks for measuring elongation after fracture shall be made on the flat or on the edge of the flat tension test specimen and ‘within the parallel section; forthe 8 in. gage Fength speci- men, Fig. 3, one or more sets of 8 in. gage marks may be used, intermediate marks within the gage length being optional. Rectangular 2-in, gage length specimens, Fig. 3, ‘ancl round specimens, Fig. 4, are gage marked with a dou- ble-pointed center punch or scribe marks. One or more sets of gage marks may be used; however, one set must be approximately centered in the reduced section. These ‘same precautions shall be observed when the test specimen is full section 13. Determination of Tensile Properties 131. Yield Point — Yield point is the frst stress in a ‘material, less than the maximum obtainable stress, at which tn increase in strain occurs withoat an increase in stress, Yicld point is intended for application only for materials that may exhibit the unique characteristic of showing a increase in strain without an increase in stress. The stress- strain diagram is characterized by a sharp knee or disconti- nuity. Determine yield point by one of the following. methods: 1BAL Drop of the Bean or Halt of the Pointer ‘Method — In this method, apply an increasing foad to the specimen ata uniform rate. When a lever and poise machine is used, keep the beam in balance by running out the poise ‘at approximately a steady rate. When the yield point of the material is reached, the increase of the load will stop, but run the poise a trifle beyond the balance position, and the beain of the machine will drop for a brief but apprecia ble interval of time. When a machine equipped with a load- indicating dial is used there is a halt or hesitation of the load-indicating pointer corresponding to the drop of the ‘beam. Note the load at the “drop of the beam” or the “halt of the pointer” and record the corresponding stress as the yield point 13.1.2 Auographic Diagram Method — When a sharp-kneed stress-strain diagram is obtained by an auto- sraphic recording device, take the stress corresponding to the top of the knee (Fig. 7), or the stress at which the curve drops as the yield point. 13.1.3. Total Extension Under Load Method — When testing material for yield point and the test speci mens may not exhibit a well-defined disproportionate deformation that characterizes a yield point as measured by the drop of the beam, halt of the pointer, or autographic: 649 sa370 diagram methods described in 13.1.1 and 13.1.2, 2 value equivalent (0 the yield point in its practical significance may be determined by the following method and may be recorded as yield point: Attach a Class C or better extensometer (Note 4 and Note 5) tothe specimen, When the load producing a specified extension (Note 6) is reached record the stress corresponding to the load as the yield point (Fig. 8), NOTE 4.— Automatic devices ae available that determine the fs 3¢ he specified total extension without plot & stes-straineurve. Such devices may he wai thoieacessey has bon demonstted, Muliphying calipers el other such devices are aceepluble for use provided thle seeuracy has ben domonstse as equivalent ta Class C extensometer. NOTE 5 — Reference should be mma to Prsctioe E #3, NOTE 6. For sicel with a yield point speci not over 80 600 pst (S50NP2), an ppreprate valne (1005 ini. of page length For values stove 80 O00 psi, His method i nat valid uals the ining tot lestension it ineseatd, NOTHE7 — The shape ofthe intial potion ofan autographlcally deter mined stesssin (or aloat-longation) curve may be insenced by numerous factors sich a te seating ofthe specie in the grips, te strighening of 8 specimen ben de to residual sess, and the rap loading permite in 7.4.1. Generally, de aberrations i this portion of the curve should be Sanoved when Ming & medals ine, sch 3€ hat ‘ned to deterine the extenscnmunersond ie, the curve 13.2 Yield Strength — Yield strength is the stress at which @ material exhibits a specified limiting deviation from the proportionality of stress to strain, The deviation is, expressed in terms of strain, percent offset, total extension under Toad, etc. Determine yield strength by one of the following methods: 13.2.1 Offset Method —To determine the yield strength by the “offset method,” itis necessary to secure data (autographic or numerical) from which a stress-strain diagram with a distinct modulus characteristic of the mate- rial being tested may be drawn, Then on tbe stress-strain diagram (Fig, 9) lay off Om equal to the specified value of the offset, draw mt parallel to OA, and thus locate the intersection of mn with the stress-strain curve corres- ponding to load R, which is the yield-strength load. In recording valucs of yield strength obtained by this method, the value of offset specified or used, or both, shall be stated in parentheses afer the term yield strength, for example: Yield stength (0.2% offset) 32-000 psi (360 MPa) (1) When the offset is 0.2% or larger, the extensometer used shall qualify as a Class B2 device over a strain range of 005 to 1.0%. If a smaller offset is specified, it may be necessary t0 specify a more accurate device (that is, a Class B1 device) or reduce the lower limit of the stain range (for example, 10 0.01%) or both, See also Note 9 for automatic devices.Sasso NOTE 8 — Forstress-sttain diagrams ao conning a isting meth, such as for seme celd-worked materials, i 18 rOcommened tha the extension wider load method be utilized. 1° the ofthe meshod is wsed for mates widhout a distinct modulus, modulus value appropriate for the material being tested should be asd: 30 600 009 px (207 O00 MP) ‘or easbon sek 29 000 00 ps (200 000 MPs) forfeit sins els 28 (00 O00 pai (193.000 MPa) for austenitic tines see, For special alloys, the producsr should be eoninstd to discuss appropriate mod lve values, 13.2.2. Extension Under Load Method — For tests to determine the acceptance or rejection of material whose stress-strain characteristics are well known from previous tests of similar material in which stress-strain diagrams ‘were plotted, the total strain corresponding to the stress at \which the specified offset (see Note 9 and Note 10) occurs will be known within satisfactory limits. The stress on the specimen, when this total strain is reached, is the value of the yield strength. In recording values of yield strength ‘obtained by this method, the value of “extension” specified ‘or used, or both, shall be stated in parentheses after the term yield strength, for example: Yield strength (0.5% £UL) 52 000 psi (360 MPa) 2} The total strain can be obtained satisfactorily by use of 1 Class BI extensometer (Note 4, Note 5, and Note 7). NOTE 9 — Automatic devices ae availabe dat determine offset yckt surengih without pling 4 stress-strain curve. Such Jevies may be use I cei accuracy hasbeen demonstrated, NOTE 10— The appropriate magnitude of the extension unde fo! will obviously vary with the snongth range of the pacular see} under test. Im gover, the value of extension ander lon applicable to telat ny strength love! may be determined rom the su of the proprtonal strain nd the plasti sain expected at the spect ye stengt. Phe Following equation is wed Extension under lod, infin, of gage fength = (ESE) +r) whore YS = specified viel srenth, pi or MPa = mmol of elasicty, pst oe ME, ac 1 = liming paste sai, inn 13.3. Tensile Strength —Catculate the tensile strength by dividing the maximum load the specimen sustains dur- ing a tension test by the original cross-sectional area of the specimen, 134. Elongation: 13.4.1. Fitthe ends ofthe fractured specimen together carefully and measure the distance between the gage marks to the nearest 0.01 in, (0.25 mm) for gage lengths of 2 in and under, and to the nearest 0.5% of the gage length for ‘gage lengths over 2in. A percentage scale reading (0 0.5% of the gage length may be used. The elongation is the increase in length of the gage length, expressed as a per- centage ofthe original gage length, In recording elongation values, give both the percentage increase and the original gage length, as 2007 SECTION Il, PART A 134.2 If any part of the fracture takes place outs of the middle half of the gage length or in a punched or scribed mark within the reduced section, the elongation value obtained may not be representative of the material. If the elongation so measured meets the minimum require- rents specified, no further testing is indicated, but if the clongation is fess than the minimum requirements, discard the test and retest 13.4.3 Automated tensile testing methods using extensometers allow for the measurement of elongation in a method described helow. Elongation may be measured and reported either this way, or asin the method deseribed above, fitting the broken ends Cogether. Either result is, valid 13.4.4 Blongation a fracture is defined as the elonga- tion measured just prior to the sudden decrease in force associated with fracture. For many ductile materials not exhibiting a sudden decrease in force, the elongation at fracture can be taken as the strain measured just prior to when the force falls below 10% of the maximum force encountered during the test 1344.1. Elongation at fracture shall include elastic and plastic elongation and may be determined with auto- graphic or automated methods using extensometers verified over the strain range of interest. Uso a class B2 or better ‘extensometer for materials having less than 5% elongation; a class C or better extensometer for materials having elon- gation greater than or equal to 5% but less than 50%; and a class D or better extensometer for materials having 50% or greater elongation, In all cases, the extensometer gage length shall be the nominal gage length required for the specimen being tested. Due to the lack of precision in fitting fractured ends together, the elongation after fracture using the manual methods of the preceding paragraphs may differ from the elongation at fracture determined with extensometers 1344.2 Petcent clongation at fracture may be calculated directly from elongation at fracture data and be reported instead of percent elongation as calculated in 13.4.1. However, these two parameters are not interchange- able. Use of the elongation at fracture method generally provides more repeatable results. 1388. Reduction of Area — Fit the ends of the fractured specimen together and measure the mean diameter or the width and thickness at the smallest eross section to the same accuracy as the original dimensions. The difference between the area thus found and the ares of the original cross section expressed as a percentage of the original area is the reduction of area,BEND TES 14, Description 4.1 The bend testis one method for evaluating ductl- ity, but it canmot be considered as « quantitative means of predicting service performance in bending operations. The severity ofthe bend testis primarily a function ofthe angle of bend and inside diameter to which the specimen is bent, and of the cross section ofthe specimen. These conditions ae varied according to location and orientation ofthe test, specimen andthe chemical composition, tensile properties, hardness, type, and quality of the steel speciiet, Test Method E 190 and ‘Test Method E 290 may be consulted for methods of performing the test 14.2 Unless otherwise specified, it shall be permissible to age bend test specimens. The time-temperature cycle employed must be such that the effects of previous pro cessing will not be materially changed. It may be accom= plished by aging at room temperature 24 t0 48 b, or in shorter time at moderately elevated temperatures by boiling in water or by heating in oil or in an oven, 14.3. Bend the test specimen at room temperature to an inside diameter, as designated by the applicable product specifications, to the extent specified without major crack- ing on the outside of the bent portion. The speed of bending is ordinarily not an important factor. HARDNI 8 TEST 15, General 15.1 A hardness test is a means of determining resist: ance to penetration and is occasionally employed to obtain quick approximation of tensile strength, Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, and Table 5 are for the conversion of badness ‘measurements from one scale to another or to approximate tensile strength, These conversion values have been obtained from computer-generated curves and are pre sented to the nearest 0.1 point to permit accurate reproduc tion of those curves. Since all converted hardness values imust be considered approximate, however, all converted Rockwell hardness numbers shall be rounded to the nearest whole number. 152. Hardness Testing 15.2.1 If the product specication permits alternative hhardness testing to determine conformance to a specified hardness requirement, the conversions listed in Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, and Table 5 shall be used 152.2 When recording converted hardness numbers, the meastred hardness and test scalo shall be indicated in parentheses, for example: 353 HB G8 HRO). This means that aardness value of 38 ws obtained usingthe Rockwell C seale and converted to a Brinell hardness of 649 sas7o PART A, 16. Brinell Test 16.1 16.1.1 A specified Joad is applied (0 a flat surface of the specimen to be tested, through a hard ball of specified diameter. The average diameter of the indentation is used as a basis for calculation of the Brinell hardness number: The quotient of the applied load divided by the aren of the surface of the indentation, which is assumed to be spherical, is termed the Brinell harcness number (HB) in accordance with the following equation: Description: HB = PiyewbIayD — fOP= a) 4 where: HB = Brinell hardness number, P = applied load, kgf, D = diameter of the steel ball, mm, and d= average diameter of the indentation, mm, NOTE 11 —~ The Brivell hanes numb is more conveniently secured From standard ables sucha Table 6, which sve numbers comtexponding avons indontaton diameters, way in neremenis of 0.05 mi NOTE 12 — tn Tost Method E 10 th values ate stated in St nis wheres in this section kgf nis are use. 164.2 ‘The standard Brinell test using a 10 mm ball employs a 3000 kgf loud for hard materials and a 1500 or 500 kgf load for thin sections or soft materials (see Annex A2 on Steel Tubular Products). Other loads and different size indeators may be used when specified, In recording hardness values, the diameter ofthe bal and the Toul mast be stated except when s 10 mm ball and 3000 kgf toad are used. 16.1.3 A sange of hardness can properly be specified only for quenched and tempered or normalized and tem- pered material. For annealed material a meximum figure only should be specified. For normalized material a mini- mum or a maximum hardness may be specified by agreement. In general, no hardness requirements should bbe applied to untreated material 16.1.4. Brinell hardness may be required Wh properties are not specified tensile 16.2. Apparatus — Equipment shall meet the following, requirements: 16.2.1 Testing Machine — A Brinell hardness test ing machine is acceptable for use over a loading range within which its foad measuring device is accurate to +1 %. 16.2.2 Measuring Microscope —The divisions of the micrometer scale of the microscope or other measuring devices used for the measurement of the diameter of the indentations shall be such as to permit the direct measuse~ ‘ment of the diameter to 0.1 mm and the estimation of the diameter to 0.05 mm,sA370 scope ony a is nt eguement for mess ser 1643. 1623 Standard Ball — The standard bal for Brinell hardness testing is 10 mm (0.3937 in.) in diameter with a deviation from this value of not more then 0.005 mm (0.0004 in.) in any diameter. A ball suitable for use must not show a permanent change in diameter greater than 0,01 rm (0.0004 in.) when pressed with a force of 3000 kgt against the test specimen. 16.3. Test Specimen — Brinell hardness tests are made ‘on prepared areas and sufficient metal must be removed from the surface to eliminate decarburized metal and other surface irregularities. The thickness of the piece tested must be such that no bulge or other marking showing the effect of the load appears on the side of the piece opposite the indentation, 164 Procedure: 164.1. Itis essential thatthe applicable product speci- fications state clearly the position at which Brinell hardness indentations are tobe made and the number of such indenta- tions required. The distance of the center of the indentation frorn the edge of the specimen or edge of another indenta- tion must be at least two and one-half times the diameter of the indentation, 1644.2. Apply the load for a minimum of 15 s. 16.4.3 Measure two diameters of the indentation at right angles 10 the nearest 0.1 mm, estimate to the nearest 005 mim, and average to the nearest 0.05 mm. If the two diameters differ by more than 0.1 mim, discard the readings and make a new indentation, 16.4.4 Do not use a steel ball on steels having a hardness over 450 HE nor a carbide ball on steels having a hardness over 650 HB. The Brinell hardness test is not recommended for materials having a hardness over 650 HB. 16.441 If a ball is used in a test of a specimen which shows a Brinell hardness number greater than the limit for the ball as detailed in 16.4.4, the ball shall be either discarded and replaced with anew ball orremeasured to ensure conformance with the requirements of Test Method E 10. 165 Detailed Procedure — For detailed requirements of this test, reference shall be made to ihe latest revision of Test Method E 10, 17. Rockwell Test ATA Description: 17.1.1 In this test a hardness value is obtained by determining the depth of penetration of a diamond point 650 2007 SECTION II, PART A fr a steel ball into the specimen under certain arbitrarily ed conditions. A minor load of 10 kgf is first applied ‘hich causes an intial penetration, sets the penetrator on the material and holds itm position, A major load which depends on the scale being used is applied increasing the depth of indentation, The major load is removed and, with the minor load still acting, the Rockwell number, which is proportional to the difference in penetration between the ‘major and minor loads is determined; this is usually done bby the machine and shows on a dil, digital display, printer, or other device. This is an arbitrary number which increases with increasing hardness. The scales most frequently used are as follows: jor Minor ele Lose. Load, Symbol Peneteator sf lat B 4 in ste bald 0 10 c Damend bale 10 0 17.1.2 Rockwell superficial hardness machines ane used for the testing of very thin steel or thin surface layers. Loads of 15, 30, or 45 kgf are applied on a hardened steel ball or diamond penetrator, to cover the same range of hardness values as for the heavier loads. ‘The superficial hardness scales are as follows: Major Minor Le Lond Panetator if ef ‘ein. set bat 15 3 Yin tet bat x0 3 Fen. tel bat 45 3 Diamond bale 5 3 Diamond bale 30 3 Dinnond bale 4 3 17.2. Reporting Hardness — In recording hardness val- vues, the hardness number shall always precede the scale symbol, for example: 96 HRB, 40 HRC, 75 HRISN, or 77 HR30T, 17.3. Test Blocks —~ Machines should be checked 1 make cestain they are in good order by means of standard ized Rockwell test blocks. ITA Detaited Procedure — For detailed requirements of this test, reference shall be mate to the latest revision of Test Methods B 18 18. Portable Hardness Test 18.1 Although theuse of the standard, stationary Brinell cor Rockwell hardness tester is generally preferred, it is not always possible to perform the hardness test using such equipment duc to the part size or location. In this event, hardness testing using portable equipment as described in Practice A 833 or Test Method E 110 shall be used,2007 SECTION 1H, PART A CHARPY IMPACT 19. Summary 19.1 A Charpy V-notch impact test isu dynamic test in which a notched specimen is struck and broken by a single blow in a specially designed testing machine. The measured test values may be the energy absorbed, the percentage shear fracture, the lateral expansion opposite the notch, or a combination thereof, STING 19.2. Testing temperatures other than room (ambient) temperatuse ofien are specified in product or general requiremient specifications (hereinafter referred (0 as the specification), Although the testing temperature is some~ times related to the expected service temperature, the (wo temperatures need nat be identical 20. Significance and Use 20.1 Ductile vs. Brittle Behavior —Body-centered- cubic or fervitic alloys exhibit a significant transition in behavior when impact tested over a range of temperatures. Al temperatures above transition, impact specimens frac- ture by a ductile (usually microvoid caalescence) mecha- nism, absorbing relatively Iarge amounts of energy. At Jower temperatures, they fracture ina brittle (usually cleav- age) manner absorbing less energy. Within the transition range, the fracture will generally be a mixture of areas of ductile fracture and britile fracture, 20.2. The temperature range of the transition from one type of behavior to the other varies according to the mate. rial being tested. This transition behavior may be defined in various ways for specification purposes. 20.2.1 The specification may require a minimum tost result for absorbed energy, fracture appearance, lateral expansion, or a combination thereof, at a specified test temperature. 20.2.2. The specification may require the determina tion of the transition temperature at which either the absorbed energy or fracture appearance attains a specified level when testing is performed over a range of tempera- tres, 203. Further information on the si testing appears in Annex AS. ficance of impact 24, Apparatus 2A. Tesiing Machines: 21.11 A Chanpy impact machine is one in which a notched specimen is broken by a single blow of a freely swinging pendulum. The pendulum is reteased from a fixed height, Since the height to which dhe pendulum is raised priorto its swing, and the mass of the pendulum are known, 651 the energy ofthe blow is predetermined. A means is pro- vided to indicate the energy absorbed in breaking the specimen. 24.1.2. The other principal feature of the machine is a fixture (See Fg, 10) designed to support atest specimen fas a simple beam at a precise location. The fixture i arranged so that the notched face ofthe specimen is vertical. The pendulum strikes the other vertical face directly oppo: site the noteh. The dimensions of the specimen supports and striking edge shall conform to Fig. 10. 21.1.3. Charpy machines used for testing steel gener ally have capacities in the 220 to 300 felbF (300 to 400 J) energy range. Sometimes machines of lesser capacity are used: however, the capacity of the machine should be substantially in excess of the absorbed energy of the specimens (seo Test Methods E 23), The linear velocity at the point of impact should be in the range of 16 to 19 fils (49 t0 58 ms), 21.2 Temperature Media: 21.2.1 For testing at other than room temperature, itis necessary to condition the Charpy specimens in medi, at controlled temperatures. 21.2.2 Low temperature media usually are chilled fluids (such as water, ice plus water, dry ice plus organic, solvents, of liquid nitrogen) or chilled gases. 21.2.3 Elevated temperature media are usually hheated liquids such as mineral or silicone oils. Circulating air ovens may be used 213. Handling Equipment — Tongs, especially adapted ‘o fit the notch in the impact specimen, normally are used for removing the specimens from the medium and placing them on the anvil (refer to Test Methods E 23). In cases where the machine fixture does not provide for automatic centering of the test specimen, the tongs may be precision, ‘machined to provide centering 22, Sampling and Number of Specimens 221 Sampling 22.1.1 Test location and orientation should be addressed by the specifications. If not, for wrought prod= ucts, the test location shall be the same as that for the tensile specimen and the orientation shall be longitudinal with the notch perpendicular to the major surface of the product being tested 22.1.2 Number of Specimens. 22ALA_ A Charpy impact test consists of all speci- 3 taken from a single test coupon or test location, 2.1.2.2 When the specification calls for a mini- ‘mom average test result, three specimens shall be tested.sasmo 2.1.2.3 When the specification requires determi nation of a transition temperature, eight to twelve speci mens are usually needed. 22 Type and Size 22.2.1 Usea standard full size Charpy V-notch spec men (Type A) as shown in Fig. 11, except as allowed in 22.2.2, 22.2.2 Subsized Specimens: 2.2.2.1. For flat material less than %s in. (11 mam) thick, or when the absorbed energy is expected to exceed 80% of full scale, use standard subsize test specimens. 2.2.2.2. For tubular materials tested in the trans- verse direction, where the relationship between diameter and wall thickness does not permit a standard full size specimen, use standard subsize test specimens or standard size specimens containing outer diameter (OD) curvature as follows: (1) Standard size specimens and subsize specimens may ‘contain the original OD surface of the tubular product as shown in Fig, 12, All other dimensions shall comply with the requirements of Fig. 11. NOTE 14— For materos wih oughnes lvls in exces of about SO fel, peimenscotainng the original OD surface may yield voles in sco thoe reign the eof conventional Cacpy specimens 222.23 If a standard full-size specimen cannot bo prepared, the largest feasible standard subsize specimen shall be prepared. The specimens shall be machined so thatthe specimen does not include material nearer to the surface than 0.020 in, (0.5 mm 22.2.2 Tolerances for standard subsize speci mens are shown in Fig. 11. Standard subsize test specimen sizes are: 10 X 7.5 mm, 10 X 6.) mm, 10 x 5 mam, 10 x 3.3. mm, and 10 X 2.5 mm. 2.2.2.8 Notch the narrow face of the standard subsize specimens so thatthe notch is perpendicular to the 10 mm wide face 22.3. Notch Preparation — ‘The machining of the notch is critical, as it has been demonstrated that extremely minor variations in notch radius and profile, oF tool marks at the bottom of the notch may result in erratic test data, (See Annex AS) 23, Calibration BA Accuracy and Sensitivity — Calibrate and adjust Charpy impact machines in accordance with the require- ments of Test Methods E 23, 24. Conditioning — Temperature Control 24.1 When a specific test temperature is required by the specification or purchaser, control the temperature of 652 2007 SECTION IK, PART A the heating or cooling medium within +2°F (1°C) because the effect of variations in temperature on Charpy testresults can be very great. NOTE 15— For some stestsiheze may not be a nee for this reatited tempers, for example, austen ste [NOTE 16— Because he temperature of a testing laboratory often varles from 60 t0 90°F (15 (0 32°C) a test conducted at “room tempera snght be condacted at any tengeatare i this ange 28, Procedure 281 Temperature: 28.1.1 Condition the specimens to be broken by hold ing them in the medium attest temperature for at least 5 min in liquid media and 30 min in gaseous media, 28.1.2 Prior to each test, maintain the tongs for han- ling test specimens at the same temperature as the speci- men so as not to affect the temperature at the notch 28.2. Positioning and Breaking Specimens: 28.21 Carefully center the test specimen in the anvil and release the pendulum to break the specimen. 25.22 Ifthe pendulum is not released within 5 safter removing the specimen from the conditioning medium, do not break the specimen. Return the specimen to the conditioning medium for the period requined im 25.1.1 2823 Recovering Specimens —Inthe event that fracture appearance or lateral expansion must be determined, recover the matched pieces of each broken specimen before breaking the next specimen. 284 Individual Test Values: 284.1 Impact energy — Record the impact energy absorbed to the nearest fbf (J). 284.2 Fracture Appearance: 254.21 Determine the percentage of shear frac~ ture area by any of the following methods: (Z) Measure the length and width of the brittle portion of the fracture surface, as shown in Fig. 13 and detern the percent shear area from either Table 7 or Table & depending on the units of measurement, (2) Compare the appearance of the fracture ofthe speci- ‘men with a fracture appearance chart as shown in Fig. 14 (2) Magnify the fracture surface and compare it 10 & precalibrated overlay chart or measure the percent shear fracture area by means of a planimeter. (4) Photograph the fractured surface ata suitable magni- fication and measure the percent shear fracture area by means of a planimeter. 28.4.2.2. Determine the individual fracture appear- ance values 0 the nearest 5% sheat fracture and record the value207 SHCTION HH, PART A 254.3 Lateral Expansion’ 2543.1. Lateral expansion is the inerease in speci men width, measured in thousandths of an inch (mils), on the compression side, opposite the notch of the fractured Charpy V-notch specimen as shown in Fig, 15. 25.43.2 Examine each specimen half to ascertain that the protrusions have not been damaged by contacting the anvil, machine mounting surface, and so forth, Discard such samples since they may cause erroneous readings. 25.4.3.3. Check the sides of the specimens perpen- dicular to the notch to ensure that no burrs were formed on the sides during impact testing. If burrs exist, remove them carefully by rubbing on emery cloth or similar abra- sive surface, making sure that the protrusions being mea- sured are not rubbed during the removal of the burr 2843.4 Measure the amount of expansion on each side of each half relative to the plane defined by the unde formed portion of the side of the specimen using a gage simiar to that shown in Fig, 16 and Fig. 17, 25.4.3.5. Since the fracture path seldom bisects the point of maximum expansion on both sides of a specimen, the sum of the larger values meastied for each side is the value of the test. Arrange the halves of one specimen so that compression sides are facing each other. Using the ‘gage, mensure the protrusion on each half specimen, ens ing that the same side ofthe specimen is measured, Measure the two broken halves individually. Repeat the procedure to measure the protrusions on the opposite side of the specimen halves, The larger of the two values for each side is the expansion of that side of the specimen, 28.4.3.6 Measure the individual lateral expansion values to the nearest mil (0.025 mm) and record the values. 2843.7 With the exception described as follows, any specimen that does not separate into two pieces when struck by a single blow shall be reported as unbroken, If the specimen can be separated by force applied by bare hands, the specimen may be considered as having besn separated by the blow. 26. Interpretation of Test Result 26.1 When the accepiance criterion of any impact test is specified to be a minimum average value at a given femperatore, the test result shall be the average (arithmetic ‘mean) of the individual test values of three specimens from ‘one test location, 26.1.1 When a minimum average test result is spec- ified: 261.11 The (est result is acceptable when all oF the below are met (7) The test result equals or exceeds the specified mini mum average (given in the specification), 653 sa.s70 (2) The individual test value for not more than one specimen measures less than the specified minimum aver- age, and (3) The individual rest value for any specimen measures not less than (wo-thirds of the specified minimum average. 2W6A12_Ithe acceptance requirements of 26.1,1.1 are not met, perform one retest of three additional speci- ‘mens from the same (est location. Each individual test value of the retested specimens shall he equal to or greater than the specified minimum average valve. 26.2 Test Specifying @ Minimum Transition Temper auure: 26.2.1 Definition of Transition Temperature — For specification purposes, the transition temperature is the temperature at which the designated material test value equals or exceeds a specified minimum test value. 26.2.2. Determination of Transition Temperanure: 26.2.2.1 Break one specimen at each of a series ‘of temperatures above and below the anticipated transition temperature using the procedures in Section 25, Record ‘each test temperature to the nearest 1°F (0.5°C). 26.2.2.2 Plot the individual test results (Mlb¢ or percent shear) as the ordinate versus the corresponding test femperature as the abscissa and constuct a best-fit curve through the plotted data points. 26.2.2.3 If transition temperature is specified as the temperature at which a test value is achieved, determine the temperature at which the plotted curve intersects the specified test value by graphical interpolation (exirapola- tion is not permitted). Record this transition temperature to the nearest $°F (3°C). Ifthe tabulated test results clearly indicate a transition temperature ower than specified, it is not necessary to plot the data. Report the lowest test temperature for which (est value exceeds the specified value. 26.2.2.4 Accept tie test result if the determined ‘wansition temperature is equal to or lower than the specified value. 26.22.35. If the determined transition temperature is higher than the specified value, but not more than 20°F (12°C) higher than the specified value, test sufficient sam. ples in accordance with Section 25 to plot (wo additional curves. Aczept the test results if the temperatures deter- ined from both additional tests are equal to oF lower than the specified value. 26.3 When subsize specimens are permitted or neces- sary, or both, modify the specified test requirement according to Table 9 or test temperature according 10 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Table UG-84.2, or both. Greater energies or lower test temperatures may ‘be agreed upon by purchaser and suppliersas 27. Records 274. The test record should contain the following infor- mation as appropriate: 27.1 Full desctiption of material tested (that is, specification number, grade, class or type, size, heat number). 27.1.2. Specimen otientation with respect to the mate- rial axis, 2743 Specimen size. 27.1.4 Test temperature and individual test value for ‘cach specimen broken, including initial tests and retests 2IAS Test results 27.1.6 Transition temperature and criterion for its determination, including initial tests and setests, TION I, PART A 28. Report 28.1. The specification should designate the information| to be reported. 29. Keywords 29.1 bend test; Brinell hardness; Charpy impact tests elongation; FATT (Fracture Appearance Transition Tem- perature); hardness test; portable hardness; reduction of area; Rockwell hardness tensile strength; tension tes; yield strength FIG.1 THE RELATION OF TEST COUPONS AND TEST SPECIMENS TO ROLLING DIRECTION OR EXTENSION (APPLICABLE TO GENERAL WROUGHT PRODUCTS) — ana Spaie ee eat Fetemoneat Sl RsTerinat ez oeFIG. 2 LOCATION OF LONGITUDINAL TENSION TEST SPECIMENS Tan te PART A IW RINGS CUT FROM TUBULAR PRODUCTS ngenti Prolongation NS Prolongation L-oubC ~Radtia test (a) Shatts and Rotors Protongation Feo Tangentiat a 188 ® Projongation Longitucinal set | (0) Hollow Forgings. Protongation 7 “Tangential tost Tangential est {6) Disk Forgings [Fr Prenaaton _fopeson “Tangential ist taeiea eeage ‘Tengential te, Longing test saa7osas70 2007 SECTION 1, PART A FIG.3 RECTANGULAR TENSION TEST SPECIMENS 7 figeneee >| Zl Le = Fle DIMENSIONS ‘Standard Specimens _Subsize Specimen Plate-Type, ‘Sheet-Tyne, Veg in, Wide Yen. Wide Yin. Wide {Gage lengtn (Notes 1 ant 2) 8002002 2002025 2.00040.005 S0.0+010 100940003 2502008 W—Wiethy (hates 5, §, and 6) Wye 4305000010 1252025 025040002 6540.05 7% -6 T—Thickness (Wate 7) thickness of material ‘Rags oF fillet, min (ote 4) % a % B % 6 {Overall length min (Hotes 2 and @ 16 450 8 200 4 100 ‘A--Length af reduced section. min 9 225 a © Vs 32 ‘B-Length of grip section, min (ote 9 3 75 2 50 VY 32 C—Width of grin setion, approximate 2 50 % 20 % 10 (iotes 4, 20, and 10) NoTes: 1) For the 14 in (40 mm wie specimen, puch mars for measring elangatio ler Facts sal be made onthe Fst o on te eee ofthe spelen and within the reduced section, Either 2 set of rine er more puch mans 1 In, (25 mm) Boar, OF one OF More ars Of punch mark in (200 m4) apart may be ved (2) For the in (22.5 mn) wide spacimen, gage marks for measuring th olngeton afer facture shall be made onthe Yn. (2.5 mum Fee oF 09 ‘We edge ofthe specimen and within the reed section, ther a set of eee ar more marke 1.0 in (25 mm) apart er ane or wre ps of ares in, (50m) apart ray be wed (31 Fav th thee sizes of spacers the ende of the reduced section shall st differ in with by mere than 0,064, 0,092 or 0,002 in. (0.20, 6.05 oF (0.025 mim, respective. Also, thre may bea gradual decrease with fom te ends tote creer, tut the wid a ether erd shal! nl be mare ‘than 0,015 in, 8.005 i, oF 6.093 in (0.4, 630 or 6,08 mn, respectively, larger tan the wh atte coer 4) For each specven type, the rail of al ile shal be egal to each other with 4 tolerance of 8.05 in, (2.25 rm, ang the centers of cunalre of the two filets ata parielr end shall be fcated across from eaeh otter (ena ine perpendicular tothe centering} within a toirance of 0.10 Ih, (5 me (9) For each of tho tre sizes of spacers, narrower width (W ard €) may be used when cesar. In ech caves the width of th redueod action sould be as larg asthe width othe materia baing ested permits; howeer, nlss sated specifically, th requirements for elongation i prot ciation shal not apply when test narrower specimens reused I the wi ofthe inaterilkes then I he des my be pave nought te tngth ofthe spscimen, (6) The specinen ay be mad fed bs making the sites parallel trcuahout te enh ofthe specimen, the width and toleraroes blag the same as those Socifed above. Whan necessary @ narrower specimen may be vied, in which case the wih shuld be a8 great asthe width ofthe waters Ding {ested permits he wiath = 1% in. (38 man} ores, th sides may te paral troustoxt te Toney of the specimen (7) The aiansion T's the thickness of the test specimen as provided fei the aaplctle material spesieetans, Minimum nomial thickness of 1% in (0 mt de species shal be In © rm, except as pers’ y Ue produc speuieatan, Mex nun pina eke of en. (223 a0) ad in mm) wide epacimens shal bo % in’ 8 mm) an % nC mm, respectively, 8) Told obtainag axial naan daring ‘sting of % Inco) Wide Species, the eveal length shoul! be ae the materia wll emi (9) 10s deskable If possible, to make the length ofthe grip section lage nog we allaw te specimen to exten int the erips a. dstance equa to 0 thir or mor’ ofthe eng ofthe grins. th thikcrese of In. (29 mv) wide specs over im /10 mm, Vnger rps and covrepongicay loner erp stctias ofthe specimen may be necessary to prever aloe inthe grip section, (20) For standand sheeiye species a subsee specimens the ends of the specimen shal be symmetrical wit the centr line cf the veeced section ‘sithin 001 an 0.05 i, (0.25 ans 0.15 rm, reepeetivaly. However, fr toa! he onde ofthe In (22.5 mm) wide specven are symmetrical atin 0.05 in, €2.0 mm) a specimen may e considered salstatory oral but referee testing. (223 For standard plate-ype specimens the ends ofthe specren sill be smetical with Ce centerline of the reduced setin within 0.25 6.35 mes) concept for eferce testing nwhih ase the ands ofthe seeimen shal be symmetrical wit the ener ie of he rece section within 0.1 in 2.5 6562007 SECTION HI, PART A FIG. 4 STANDARD 0.500 IN. (12.5 Mill) ROUND TENSION TEST SPECIMEN WITH 2 IN. (50 MM) GAGE LENGTH AND EXAMPLES OF SMALL-SIZE SPECIMENS PROPORTIONAL TO THE STANDARD SPECIMENS. feet eeeT os a DIMENSIONS ‘Small Size Specimens Proportional to Standard Nominal Diameter 0500125 0350875 0250 625 0260 «400 ~~ ails 250 G--Gage length 200s 50.08 1.4008 35.02 1.000 25,02 16.0% 0.450% 10.08 0.005 9.100.005 0.200.005 0.10 1D "0008 0.10 0 Diaeeter (Note 2) DS00% 1254 0.3508 B.T5E 0.7508 6.25 AG0r 0113s 2508 0.010 0.25 0.007 018 "0.005 oa? 0.08 0.002 0.08 Re-Radius of fey, min % ww % 6 ye 5 4 he ‘ALenath of reduced section, 2% 60% 2% 16 min (Note 2) NoTes: (2) The reduced section may have a gradual taper from the ends toward the canter, with the ends not more Wan 2 persent larger in ameter than the center (contrlling dimension). (2) 1 desire, the length of he read section may Be lacveased to accommadate an extensometer of any convenien, gage lensth. Reference marks forthe measurement of elongation shuld, neverteless, be spaces atthe Indicted gage ienth. (3) The gage leet and filets shal be a shows, but the ends may be of any fore tof. the Holders ofthe testing machine in such a way that the load shall be axial (sce Fig. 9). Ifthe ends are to be Held in wedge ris ts eesirabl, if possibe, to make the length of the grip seston reat enough o allow the specimen to extend into Ue gris a sistance equal to twa thes oF mare of te Length ofthe oes (4) On the round specimens in Fig. 5 and Fi. 6 the gage lengths are equal to four tines the nominal diameter. In sore product specifications other specimens may be provided for, but unless the 440-1 rato Is mabuained wishin dimensional tolerances, he elongation values may not be comparatle with those obtained from the standard test specie, (5) The use of sposimens smalle than 6.250 in, (6.25 mm) éiamete shall be resricte to cases when the material tobe tested i of insucent size to obtain lavger specimens or when all parties agree to their use for acceptance testing, Smaller spclnens require autable equipment and greater sin both machiaing and testing (6) Five sizes of spocimens offen used have diameters af approximately 0.505, 0.387, 0.252, 0.160, and 0.113 in, the reason being to permit easy calculations of stress from loads, since the corresponding cess sectional areas ave equal or close to 0,200, 0.200, 0.0500, 0.0200, and 0.0100 in, respectively. This, when the actual diameters agree with these values, the stresses (or stengtis) may be computed using the imple multiplying factors 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100, respectively (The metric equivalents ofthese Swed ciamters de ad rut in correspendinaly Comenient crore sactiana) aren and multilying factors.) 657SA-370 2007 SECTION 11, PART A FIG. 5 SUGGESTED TYPES OF ENDS FOR STANDARD ROUND TENSION TEST SPECIMENS .—_» 4 BE wi Boao y aa 4 =o: c E 4 =o: Fete ir 7 ee Gaola Naifto na zo x26 oll? L L : am ee — | Fa ep ag Bape Agen eae rs 2 =F c —Q- 5-H ee Ho Sol Na ‘ole ee R ‘874 10 thd (M20 x 2.5) t 2 feeja——aa Mt = : By a ——{-} ¢«-€ FR DIMENSIONS Specimen 1_ __Specimen 2 __"Specimen 3__Specimen 4 __ Specimen 5 i. mm mmm Gage lenath 2.0008 50.0 2.000: 50.0 2.0002 50.02 2.0002 nce 2.008 50.04 0.005 0.10 0005 0.100005 01D 0.005 OAD ONS ato Diameter ote 2) Os00: 12.5 0300s 12.5 O50: 1252 05002 12st Os00F 12.54 aoi0 "025 oad 625 mle 023 OoI0 25.1025 ‘Re~ Radius of fillet, min % 10 % 10, he 2 % w % 10 A-Length of reduced section 2% min 60, min 2%, min 60, min 4, ap- 100, ap-_ 2%, min 60, min 2% min 60, min prox prox meely — mately ‘L—Overall length, approximate 5 125 3% 40 3% 140 a% 120 % 240 B-Grip section hot 2) ape 35, a9. yao 25,39 yap 20,ap- yap 1B, 3h 75; min ros prot" pox=— prove prox prox’ prxi+ pro mately mately ately mately mately mately mately mately C—Diameter of end section % 20 % 20 he w % 22 % 20, ‘Length of shoulder and % 6 Bae eepao ee sete filet Seton, aoceximate F-Diameter of shoulder Sh 16 % de Me a5 wores: (2) The reduced section may have a aradval taper from the ends toward the center withthe ends not mate than 0.005 in, (0.10 mm larger in ametar than te center (2) On Specimen 5 Its desirable, if possible, to make the lena ofthe grip Section great enough to allow the specimen to exten ito the gripe 2a stance equal to two thirds or mare of the length of the gros (2) The types of ends show ave applicable for the standard 0.500 in. round tension test specimen simar types canbe used for subsize specimens, “The wie of UNF series of threads (% by 16, % by 20, % by 24, and % by 28) suggested fr highstrength Brite material to ala fracture ln the thread partion, 6582007 SECTION IH, PART A sasm FIG. 6 STANDARD TENSION TEST SPECIMENS FOR CAST IRON Hee resem aie et pty rt As Ppa et Tigi ble DIMENSIONS Speen Seecnen2 Seamer 3 ena of parle Shale eq a greater thn ameter 9 o—Dieter asonsea0 ieas025,‘O7s0s0015 | 200%040 1.2540.025 3008060 fers of ile in 7 2 : 2 2 0 A—Length of reduced section, min % 32 1% 38 mM 60 fmt st teh mn % = 3 xe oh 10 ‘Grip sete yprevinate : 3 2 * % ‘© CDiametar cent sation approvinte Fe a 5 ve ‘e Etength of sone, mia x ° i 6 EN 3 Diameter of sell alg _te0sn4o “seta 2404040 __Vhetlg _sastono GENERAL NOTE: The reduced section and shoulders (dimensions A, 0, £, FG, and 2 shall be shown, but the ends may be of any form to ft the Holders of the testing machine in such a way thatthe load shal he axial. Commarly the ends are threaded and have the dimensions 8 and aWven above FIG. 7 STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM SHOWING YIELD _—~FIG. 8 STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM SHOWING YIELD POINT CORRESPONDING WITH TOP OF KNEE POINT OR YIELD STRENGTH BY EXTENSION UNDER Strain Loap RETHOD Yieid point a|~--2--~-~> “om = Specified extension under load 659‘SA-a70 FIG. 9 STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM FOR DETERMINATION OF YIELD STRENGTH BY THE OFFSET METHOD ‘om= Specified Ofsot 2007 SECTION 1, PART A FIG, 10 CHARPY (SIMPLE-BEAM) IMPACT TEST striking eae" mi stiking a Vg — © mm rd (o38in) 0 dog 22 dog 0.25 myn rad {0.010 in) 4mm (0.157 in) contort suite: V ou3sin.) 4am —_, E~Amil 4 asmeiny 8 80 deg #2 deg Te ana 90 deg +8 deg q Seso00) w Contr of YY mk own) Spaciman anni ‘opor GENERAL NOTES: {9} All dimensione! toleances shall be £0.05 mm (0.002in.) Unlogs otherwise spectfied {b) A shall be paral to 8 wthin 21000. ‘within 0.05 rm (0.002 in} and coplanar with 8 {) Chall bo parallel 1 D within 20:1000 and coplanar with 0 swiln0.125.mm (0.008 In) {a} Finish on unmarked pats shal be 4m (128 yin. 6602007 SECTION IH, PARE A FIG.11 CHARPY (SIMPLE-BEAM) IMPACT TEST ‘SPECIMENS [T2pcee i 2mm 0.28 mm E (07959) sy (0010 nd rad Lal (0394in.) fe—semm—el Bel lAromm Yan (2165 in) (0304i0 doy t GENERAL NOTES: (a) Permissible variations shall be fallow Notch length wedge 90eg +2 deg ‘Adjacant sides challbe at 90 dog =10 min ‘Cross-section dimensions {Kongth of specimen (2) CContering of natch (1/2) 0.075 rym (0.003 in| 0,-2.5 rm (40, -0.100 in 27 mm (20.039 in) ‘Angle of notch 4 deg Radius of notch 0.025 mv (40.001 in) Notch depth 40.028 mm (40.001 in.) Fish requiromonte 2utrs (69 i.) on notched Surface and opposite face ‘im (125 kin an other two suteces: (a) Standard Fut Size Specimen am 67 mm 678 01m (esi Sag te eee cee (by Standard Subsize Specimen 661 sas FIG. 12 TUBULAR IMPACT SPECIMEN CONTAINING ORIGINAL OD SURFACE Dimension Deseipion 4 Machined surfeos 28 mim invmumn a Orginal OD surface 198 mm maximnurn r Sposimen themes Figure 1 t End thickness Np Tminimum FIG. 13. DETERWINATION OF PERCENT SHEAR FRACTURE Cleavage area (shiny GENERAL NOTES: (a) Messure average dimensions A and B to the hearest 0.02 in. or 0.5 mm. (b} Determine the percent shear fracture using Table 7 or Table 8,sAs70 2007 SECTION 11, PART A FIG. 14 FRACTURE APPEARANCE CHARTS AND PERCENT SHEAR FRACTURE COMPARATOR ad wt ae oot et FIG. 15 HALVES OF BROKEN CHARPY V-NOTCH IMPACT SPECIMEN JOINED FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF LATERAL EXPANSION, DIMENSION ——— 6622007 SECON saamo FIG. 16 LATERAL EXPANSION GAGE FOR CHARPY IMPACT SPECIMENS 6632007 SECTION IL, PART A saa7o "ON Wlod yoewu0D aype1q aigessnipe - yoeq ‘asz0- 1000 eOues tveg2 on newieig ~ so3201pu! 7 PUP | SWI eI2I0 eLOIUO Use} 'SRL0N oop Le 10q,9 pue (padse1u2) g weieg BE aro “ny eyo” > bao od pongo ones 2-0N Auiese you suing Eta ae SHON ©reg sco00- sof pose al ama ag ce soit iB | |Ftsh a tt Te Gt ge Tz lof peer ae rem 8 ‘3V9 NOISNVaXa TYUSLVT NOd STIVI3d ONY ATAWASSV JT “SI42007 SECTION 1, PART A TABLE 1 MULTIPLYING FACTORS TO BE USED FOR VARIOUS DIAMETERS OF ROUND TEST SPECIMENS Standard Specimen Small Size Specimens Proportional to Standard 10.500 in. Round (0.350 in. Round 0.250 in. Round actual ‘Actual ‘Aewal Diameter, reg, Multiplying ameter, Atea,——=—ultiniying Diameter, Multipying in in? Factor 'n ine Factor in ewan Factor 0.490 ogee 530 393 0.0928 10.82 0.245 9.0471 2121 o.4s1 0.4893 5.28 o.3a4 0.9929 10.7% 0.246 0.0975 2104 oa 0.1901 526 0345 0.0935 10.70 0207 0.0479 2087 0.493 0.1908 5.24 0345 0.0940 0.64 0248 o.0e3 20.70 0.494 ox917 522 oar 0.0988 1057 0249 0.0487 2054 0.495, ogee 520 0.398, 0.9951 1051 0.250 o.oo 2037 0.496 on9se sae 0349 0.0957 1045, 0281 9395 2021 (0.05) 20.0) 0.497 940 bas 0.350 0.0962 1039 ose 0.0499 20.05, (0.05)(&) (20.0 (a 0.496 oases 533 0351 0.0968 1033 0283 0.0502 19.89 (os) ar (20.0) 0.499 0.1986 5a 0382 oes 10.28 0.254 0.0507 3974 0.800 0.1963 5.09 0.353 0.0979 10.22 0.258 cost ise osoa oag7 5.07 0354 0.0904 10.26 002 0.1979 5.05 0.358 0.0990 10a 0.503 0.1987 5.03 0356 0.0995 1005 0% — a0.0 50a 0.2995 501 0387 001 9.99 ow cow (ona — 0.00) 00s 9.2003 499 co2ria) (5.0) 4A) 0.506 ‘zon 497 2) — GODLY 0.507 0.2019 43.95 0.508 0.2027 493 0.509 0.2035 491 9510 0.2083 490 nore: (A) The values in pareheses may be used for ease in calculation of stresses, In pounds per square inch, as permitted in 5 of Fig. 4 665sas70 2007 SECTION 11, PART A TABLE 2 APPROXIMATE HARDNESS CONVERSION NUMBERS FOR NONAUSTENITIC STEELS (A) (ROCKWELL € TO OTHER HARDNESS NUMBERS) Rockwell Superficial Hardness Rockwell 158 Scale, 30N Scale 5N Scale, Rockovell © Brine Koo —AScale, 60S kof Oka AS Ha Approximate Scale, 150 kgf Vickers_Hardiness, “Harness, ‘kof Load, Load, Load, Load, Tersile nae, Diamond Hardness 3000 kal Load, 500 af Load _Diamont! Diamond Diamond Diamond Strength, Penetrator Number 10,mm-Ball and Over__Penotrator__Penetrator _Penetrator _Penetrator__ksi (MPa 6s 940 920 056 ona baa 254 or ‘900 895 85.0 29) 3b a2 ra 865 870 eas 928 228 733 6 832 ie Bae eae 922 aa 20 ra 800 re 22 34 18 bia no 63 m 706 739 ee ona 80.1 699 e 746 8 796 23 oa 793 one rn 720 670 754 ere 90.7 rea 677 60 om 5a 732 ena 902 ms. 666 59 era re) no 80.7 598 706 655 351 @a20) 58 655 ne 690 B02 88.3 Br 643 338 (2330) 37 633 595 670 796 889 748 632 325 (2240) 5 63 377 050 790 283 239 620 313 @160) 35 595 560 630 705 or 50 60.9 302 (2070) 5a S77 543 ez 78.0 ara 729 598 292 (2010) 53 360 525 soa 74 Bea m2 5&6 283 (1950) 5 54a 512 576 76.8 B64 0.2 sr¢ 2730880) ot 528 396 558 763 259 ons 561 264 4820) 50 513 482 saz 758 855 ons 55.0 255 0.760) a 490 468 526 752 85.0 616 558 246 (1700) 8 494 855 530 ar ats oer 525 238 (1640) a an 482 495 maa 339 058 sla 229 0s80) a 58 432 480 ne B35 ose S03 221 (1320) a5 446 ai 466 ma 83.0 eso 430 215.(1480) 4 436 409 as2 Rs a2 oan 47a 208.0430) 43 223 400 230 ad 820 622 467 201 0300 2 a2 390 426 ns aus ors #55 194 0340) a 2 3a ae 708 209 soa 483 198 0300 40 392 an 402 704 B04 505 a1 age a2s0) 39 3ae 3e2 3a 699 799 386 4.977 G220) 38 312 353, 380 694 7a S17 408 371 G160) 37 363 baa 370 63.9 788 562 396 166 (1140) 3 358 336 360 a4 183 559 ea asl ai) 35 345 ber 551 er my 550 372156 (1080) 38 336 319 32 ora m2 542 361 352 (050) 3 327 au 34 eos 766 333 349249 030) 32 a8 301 326 663 7a baa 337 146.010) 3 210 24 38 658 786 513 325 nn (970) 30 302 236 an 653, 750 50. 313138 (9509 29 204 279 308 wag 745 295 501 135.€930) 28 236 2 27 eas 9 sae 289131 (900) 27 219 264 230 38 3 ant 218 128 (e80) 2 ze 258 288 33 78 468 26:7 125 (060) 25 266 253, 278 ee 722 259 255 123 (o50) 24 260 oar 212 e284 76 450 243 119 (20) 23 258 203 266 620 no 440 2a 70) 22 248 237 eer ens 705 «32 220 115.090) ar 243 231 256 e190 639 223 27 270) 20 238 226 P51 60.5 694 415 196 110 (760) note (4) This table aves the approximate intenelatlonships of hardness values and approximate tensile strength of steels. I 1s posible that steels of various compositions aid processing histories vil deviate In hardnes-tensilestvengh relationship from the data oresented in tis table. The data inthis table sould nt be used for austenite stainless tel, but have been sown to be applicable for feritle and martensitic sans steels, The data i this tabie should not be use to establish a relationship between hardness values and tensile strength of hard drann wire. ‘Where more precise corversions are required they should be developed specially for ezch stel compesition, heat treatmest, and part 6662007 SECTION H, PART A sAs70 TABLE 3 APPROXIMATE HARDNESS CONVERSION NUMBERS FOR NONAUSTENITIC STEELS (A) (ROCKWELL B TO OTHER HARDNESS NUMBERS) Reciewoll Superficial Hardness Rockwell B cece terial Hawise Scale, 100 Rockwell A Rocicwell F_ 1ST Seale, 307 Scale, 45T Scale, gf Load Bria Knoop Seale, OOKgf Scale, GOKgf ISkaf—-3OKaf—AS Kg Approximate Yuin. Vickers Hardness, Hardness, Load, Load, Yin. Load Yo Lead, My Lond, Me Tensile (1.588 Hardness 3000 kof Load, 500 of Lead Diamond 2.588 mim) in, (LEB in. (L588. in, (1.588. Strength ksi tm) Ball Number" 10mm Ball "and Over Penetratoe —__-Ball__mim all_rum) Bail__mm) Ball <8#Pa) 100 240 240 21 os, 1 aaa 729 116 (e00) 9 234 230 26 609) 8 825 Ta Tes 98 228 228 par 602 925 8709109750) 97 222 22 236 595 921 L699 oa Gras) 96 216 26 par 509 m8 604 §=— 689102 (7059 35 no ao 226 583 15 79.8679 100.(090) 4 205 205 aa 5768 12 9 e998 L675) 3 200 200 216 57.0 908 a4 65998 (650 92 195 195 an 364 90578 oA 92 1625) os 390 290 206 556 90271 63890 16200 90 185 tes 201 55.2 399 842.8 Beas) 89 180 180 196 546 895 758189 1605) 88 are 16 a2 540 so2 Ba 608 86 (590) a ae 12 188 53a 889 as S98 84 (500) 86 169 169 186 528 8673.8 588 &3 670) 85 16s aes 0 323 882 731 Beg USS 04 362 162 are su7 81972456881 A560 83 189 159 as sul ab 1B 5588 USSOY 82 156 156 wo Ble a3 M1 888774530, at 153 13 167 poo 869 = 704 8 73.4505), 80 150 aso 194 495, 866 68.7 82872 L495) 9 ar ar 162 489 3 91 SLB 70 (485) 7 164 14a 156 48.4 860 BA 508g C4751 ” cert am 155 473 6 79g CA7D) % 139 139 ase ans 853 orl 48 G7 CAD) 5 a 13 250 468 996) 85.0 466 C855) 7m 5 135 17 463 99 ear 68748 G5 (450) 2 ase ae 145 458 985 84365145 6a Cao) n 330 130 13. 453 98.0 a0 oda 63. (835) n 17 wr co 448 ora 67637 a3 624425) 70 225 125 139 4a 968 e431 ag A209 6 123, 123 37 438 s62 eo 624 a8 gota) 68 a 123 1s 233 956 827 el? 408 59.C408) or uy ng 13 428 382 S24 L098 = 58(400) 66 n7 ut rt 423 945 2160438787 (395 6 ne ue 129 aus 939 28 597 88.385) 64 ua na ar 414 93.4 aa 59067 “6 ne ne a5 40.9 228 Ll 884517 rey a0 no aes 40.4 922 sos 77a a 208 ree az 40.0 our sos 570 a7 60 107 107 320 25 on Bor 564327 59 106 106 ne 33.0 90.8 pe TT 58 208 208 n? 306 90.0 735 530307 37 103 203 ns 302 aaa 72 saa 20.7 56 ao 201 us 377 ene 78 5372 55 00 100 ue 3r2 882 75 3800 an 54 a 3e8 er7 72 324 (267 5s no 382 on 79 57a 52 109 359 265 73 50 ba 51 208 355 860 m2 503 ay 50 107 35.0 asa 79 497227 0 108 386 eae %6 490 Ly 6672007 SECTION TH, PART & TABLE 3, APPROXIMATE HARDNESS CONVERSION NUMBERS FOR NONAUSTENITIC STEELS (A) (ROCKWELL B TO OTHER HARDNESS NUMBERS) (CONT'D) ‘Rockwell Superficial Hardness Roclenell 8 CE Rocket Sinerictal Hordress Seale, 100 Rockwell A Rockwell F 15T Scale, 30T Seale, 451 Seale, af Load Briel Knoop Seale, 60 kaf Scale, 60 kat 15 kgf | 30 kgf AS kgf Approximate Yin. Vickers Hardness, Hardness, Lead, Load, Mg in. Load, My Load, ie Load, iy Tensile. (2.538 Hardness 2000 kgf Load, 500 of Load Diamond (1.588 mm) in. (1.588 in, 1.588 in, (1.588 Strength ksi rnin) Ball Number 10mm Ball "and Over __Penetrator __—~Bali__—_ram) Ball__mim) Gall_mm) @all__—_(JAPa) 38 ns aan a3 m2 483207 7 aot 337 837 m9 47797 46 103 333 es ee 470187 8 02 329 sae 73 4037 4 a0 aaa 20 m9 457 287 3 00 320 aia 7464507 2 99 aLe 208 3443447 a oe 312 903 mo 43786 0 7 307 99 nme 406 39 % 303 70 m3 230 oe 38 95 299 736 mo e108 a7 oa 205 720 nz ao 96 36 93 20a na 723 403 86 35 2 287 78 no 396 76 3a a 202 3 nz 380 66 33 90 28 77 ns 33 be 32 89 za 72 no 378 46 31 88 ero a6 ror 370 36 30 87 26.0 740 roa 363 26 nore: (A) This table aves the approximate interelaiensips of hardness valves and approximate tensile strersth of stels Iti posible that steels of various compasitins and processing histories wil deviate in hardnes-tensle strength relationship feam the data presented inthis table. The data inthis lable should nat be used for austenitic stainless steels, but have been shown to be applicable for feriic and martensite stainless steels. The data in this table should not be used to stsbish a relationship between hardness valucs a teil strenath of haré drawn wire Where move precise conversions are recuired they should be developed specially foreach steel composition, heat treatment, and part. 668sA310 TABLE 4 APPROXIMATE HARDNESS CONVERSION NUMBERS FOR AUSTENITIC STEELS (ROCKWELL ¢ TO OTHER HARDNESS NUMBERS) Raed heen oe Rorlewell Superficial Hardness Rockwell € Scale, 150 hkgf kgf Lead, aman _-25N Seale, 15 taf Load, 30N Seale, 30 kgf Load, 45N Scale, 45 kai Load, Lead, Diamond Penatator Peneteator Diamond Penetrator "Diamond Penetrator Diamond Peaetrator 48 ma ean 662 saa ar pe 03.6 053 509 46 4 5 64s 498 45 29 Bee 536 487 4a ma saa e27 an 43 ng ars as 46.4 42 na ao 10 45.2 a 709 80.5 eo aaa 40 704 300 59.2 430 33 699 795 508 as 38 69.3 799 srs 407 37 ee. wes 566 30 36 68.3 780 55.7 3e4 35 ore 75 549 373 34 ons no 540 36. 33 668 765 saa 35.0 32 66.3 739 52.3 339 3 one 134 S14 327 20 653 49 50s 3he 2 eae 74a 496 304 28 643 739 458 293 27 638 Ba 479) pez 26 633 729 470 270 25 628 na 462 258 24 623 na 453 240 2 ene n3 aaa 236 2 as 708 435 225 a 608 703 427 213 20 60.3 698 as 20.2 6692007 SECTION 1, PART A TABLE 5 APPROXIMATE HARDNESS CONVERSION NUMBERS FOR AUSTENITIC STEELS (ROCKWELL B TO OTHER HARDNESS NUMBERS) osiewell Superficial Hardness Rockwell 8 1ST Scale, _-30T Scale, 457 Scale, Scale, 100, Rockwell A Scale, 15 kgf Load, 30 of Load, 45 kof Load, of Load, 3 Brinell Hardness, 60 kof Load, gin a Yagi In. (1.588 Brine Indentation 3000 kaf Load, Diamond (2.588 mm) 2.588 mm 2.588 aed smn) Ball Diameter, mm 20 mm Ball Penetrator Ball Ball Ball 100 379 256 os as 204 702 ° 35 ae 609) a2 a7 92 cd 391 eae 603 908 79.0 82 7 3.96, 233 597 904 83 en 96 4.02 226 592 90.1 m7 861 98 4.08 ae 585 097 m0 6541 oI ana as 580 293 763 oan 33 420 207 574 288 756 1 92 424 202 368 B06 749 2a 2 430 17 362 Bez 42 ed 20 435 12 556 ere 5 601 eo 449 187 550 275 ne 59.0 0 445 183 585 ena 72 58.0 97 451 ve 539 267 ns 57.0 86 455 14 533 264 sor 560) as 469 170 S27 260 709 58.0 24 465 167 522 B66 603 sao 33 479 163 515 852 686 529) a2 a7 160 503 Bas org a9 a 479 156 504 B48 ene 509 oo a4 153 498 ean 665 a9 102007 SECTION IL, PART A sao TABLE 6 BRINELL HARDNESS NUMBERS (A) (Ball 10 mm in Diameter, Applied Loads of 500, 1500, and 3000 kgf) Brine Hardness Brine Hardness Brive Hardness Brine! Hardness Number Number Number Number Diameter of 500 1500 3000 Diameter of 300 1500 3000 Diameter of 500 1500 3000 Diameter of 500 1500 3000 Indentation, kof kof kof Indentation, kof kof kgf Indentation, kof kgf kof Indentation, kof kgf kgf ‘moa Load Load mm Load Load Load mm Load Load Load mm Load Leat!_Load 200 158 473 945 260Gb 2TB 555 3.20 DS 182 3633.04. 12728, 201 156 468-938 «261 GN-B 27% 551 «43.71. -18D HOLA. 27 283 2.02 154 463-926 ©2821 273. SAT 3.22 SOB 79 359382 42.0 126 252. 203 153 459 917-263 «UA 271 5433.23 SOK ITB 3563.83 -41.7 «103250. 203 151 434 © 908 2.68 88.7 269 538 «3.24 «50.0177 «343.84 NS 128249 2.05 150 450 299-265 88.0 207 534 «3.25 BH 176 352 «3.85 42.3 128 248 2.06 148 445, 8902.66 BEA 265 5303.26 58.3 175-380 «AH AT <123. ab 207 147 44] 882267 87.7 203 526327579 174347374 2324s, 200° 140 497 873268 87.0 261 5223.28 SS 173 345 SY 4G D2 Dag 2.09 144 492 865269 BOM 259 51B 3292 72 3433.89 «HOM 12124. 210 143428 8562.70 85.7 257 BIA «3.30 SHB 170 3413.90 40.2 32124 2al dar 42a be 2.71 5.1 25S 5105.91 HeS 267 339.91 40.0 «12024 212 140 420 8402.72 wad 253° $07 «3:32 SoA 26D 3397-39238. TD 239 213139 416832273838 281 5053.33 55.8 Le? 335393396 119237 21e 137 412, Bae 278832 280 499-3355 gh 283398394 118 236, 21s 136 40a 817275 we 248 4953.38 SSL KS 932 3.95. BHAT 235, 216 195 40480927 ALG 246 492_—3.3K SHA BH 3299838 LT 24 2ay 134401802277 BLS 24d 8B 3.37 5h. AGE 32H 3.973 NE 232 248 192397798278 BOR 242 «85538 SHL AR? 3253.98 38S R623 229° «E383 7872.79 BO. 240 aH] ©4339 S3R AKL 323 «3.99 383-115 230, 220 130 390 780 2.80 796 239 a77 3.40 5H DBO 214.003 114220 221 129 386772281 79.0237 «7A RAL 531 SY. a7 14 208 222 128 383 765° 282 78a 235 ATL 342528 SB OT «= 402377 113228 222 126 379 750283779 234 abT 5835S AST oS 4.03.37 113205, 22a 125 576 752 Bad 773 232 645A BR SOOM. 373 12224 225 124 372 745285 THB 230 MBL «43S SLB IHG MLL .05 G7 nd 223 226 123 369 738° 2aG 762 229 AST «3S ANB 309.06 57.0 121222 2.27 122 366 732-287 75.7 227 ASH ODAT_—SLD ASA 307 4OT 968 110222 2.98 222-363-725 B8B75.1:225 AS14540. «152 306 4.0836 110219 229 120 359 719289748 224 44a 3.49 SOG 152 304 «4.0934 10921 230 9 355 712 290-741 222 add 3.50503 182 30241036. 109217 231 118353 708 «-291—73H 221 aa «4551500 150 30042360 10826 232 7 350° 700 «292730 219 438352497 149-298-422 358 ce TS 233 6 347 694293725 PIB 435-383 aBA UME 297-413, 358.7 107 24 234 3 34¢ 68294720 16432358 49.2 LAT 2954135106203 295° 14 341 682285 71S 21S 429355489 147203 «425-3583 106212 2.36 113 338 676-286 710 213-426 «—5'56 ABH IMG 202426352105 211 237 e335. 670287708 212 4233.57 BA 14S 200417389105 210 238 MI 352 665-298-703 BD 4203.8 4B 4A 28H 4 BHR 104209 239° 033065929969 209 aT 4.59 «477 «143286 «419-386 104208 240 109-327 6533.00 69.1 207 1S 30a 1M? 28S 4.20384 103 207 2a 108 324 6483.01 88 200 IZ BL «472 12263421. 342 103 208, 242 107-322 6433.02 8.2 205 409 342-469 1A) 2624.22 B41 02208 2.43 106 319 637-303 61.7 203 406 © 363407 140 260 © «4.23539 102 203, 2.44 105-316 6323.04 47.3 202404364 aH 159 27e «= «4.24537 10) 202 245-104-3627 -3.05 5B 200 401 «3.45 Mo. 138277425336 101202 2.86 104 311-627 -3.08 66.4 199 398-346 45.9 «138-275 4.2H«334 100200 2.47 103 308 6163.07 65.9 19839534746 127 274 a7 33.2 99.7: 199) 248 102 306 6113.08 05.5 196393348 ASA 126 272 «4.2k8 43.1 99.2 190. 249 101 303 606 3.09 65.0 195 3903.89 45.1135 271.29 2.9 98.8 190. onsamo (Ball 10 mm in Diameter, Applied Loads of 500, 1500, and 3000 kgf) 2007 SECTION 11, PART A TABLE 6 BRINELL HARDNESS NUMBERS (A) (CONT’D) rinell Hardness ‘Binet! Havaness Brinell Hardness Brine Hardness umber Number Number Number Diameter of 500 1500 3000 Diameter of 500 1500 3000 Diameter of 500 1500 3000 Diameter of 500 1500 3000 Indentation, kgf Ka kat Indentation, af kgf_kgf_ Indentation, gf kof kof ‘Indentation, gf ka kof ‘om Lond Load toad mm | Load Load Load mm Load Load Load mn Lond Load _Load 250 100 301 602 «320 GAG 194 38E«3.70 AKG ASS 28g 430 32H 983 107 251 994 298-597 GAR 19338871 AG ASH DB 8] 32H O78 198, 252 986 296 892 «4332 GSB IM «3885.72 ALA 133 DOE 432_ 2A 97.3 195, 253978 298 587 «3.33.33 190 380 «3.73 AL 152265433 32.3 GHB 194 254 971 291-882 «3.24_ 62.9 389 37E «374A. AS? 263 3Q 32.1 G4 193. 255 962 289578 «525 62.5 9B 37S «3.7S 436 15] 262 «435-32. 95.9 192 256 955 287 573 «$16 G2A 18 573-376 ABA 130 26043. 9HS 197 257 948 294 5693.37 IT «185-570-3773. 129259437317 950 190 258 940 2a2 564 «3.28.3 18k BOE 37H DG 128257 43H SAS 8D 259 933 280 560 «3.39809 183 304 -—«5:79 AT 128-256-4399 440-922 936 187505233 69H 14D «SOT 3B 1073514 420 8H 4ar 293.2 186-508-232 6S 139 -S7L_—«TB 33 NOT ©8639 a2 82.7 442 909 92.7 185 5.07231 69.2 138572 «TT 531 10637139 ALT aad 443-908 92.3 105 5.05230 68.9 1385731 82.9 106 3B A 8 4aq 30 91.0 104 5.09229 686 137 «574TH 82.7 10539138 a2 Be 4a5 4305 91.4 1035.20 22.8 68.3 137 «578TH 525 LOS GAO? a2 82s 4a¢ 303 910 182 «5.21227 60 136 «57H TA 823 LOS wALB A2] 2D 447 302-905 IML «5.92226 T7135 «577A S21 LOH AD 236 409 BL 4aq 300 90.1 1005.23. 225 FA 138 -57B OATS S19 104 AB 1G AOE BTS 449-299 89.7 179534 2A GTA IB -579 «TZ SLT 103 Ad 13S 406 B13 450 298 693 179-525 224 69 Lad BO 2 IS 103 ABS GOS BL 451 296 868 178 «5.2622. HHH 138 HB] 1.3 103M” GO BLT 452295 86.4 177 527 22.1 653 138 582 «SLI 1oe BAT 40.2 BO 453 293 8.0 176 «5.28220 65.0 132 583 B09 102 ABS 401 BO 454 292 87. 1755.19 21.9 OSB 132 588 SS BOT 11 AGT BD 798 455 291 87.2 174 «5:20 AB O55 ISL 88H HB 505 11 BOTS FB 796 456-289 86.9 174 «5.21 AAT O52 130586 HB 503 1M BHD 596 795 457 286 86.4 173 5.22 216 O49 130 SAT 167 S02 lod Baz? 9S 790 458 287 86.9 172 523-216 OAT 129 S8B 167 800 999 53 BBT B94 787 459 285 85.5 171 5.24415 Aa 179 B89 KE UB 99S GSAT 392 78 460 284 5.4 170 5.25 ALA GAA 128 5OD «SAG 902 GS 130 39:1 752 461 283 849 170 5.26 AS39120 SOT S AOA OBB HE 220 BY 780 4e2 282, 84.4 169-527-212 O36 127592 GAD GBA GST 29 SAB 776 Aes 28.0 BD 168 «5.28 AA 63.3 1275933 9.0 GHD GSB 229 FAT 778 464 279 «2 167 «5.29220 63.1128 S916 MOB OTT 659228 3aS 771 465-278 823 167 5.20 209 628 12% «5.95 «162 BT 973 ©6601 sad HB 466-276 92.9 166 541209626 125 59H «DBS HE HET. 1B HBT 76S 467.275 25 165 5.22 208 623 125 597 1613 HE 6HZ_—«1RT BI 762 ed 274 21 Tod «5.33207 624 12d 9B «KD B19? EB 127 30 760 469-273 «1A 16d 5.34 206 G18 124 «599 1KO 479959 HHL 126579757 470 -WA MA 1635.35 AOS OLS 123 GOD KY ATT 98S GOD 2B aT 784 471-279 1D 162 5.36 BAH GS 123 GOT IBY ATG 951 GOERS BB 782 472 269 80.7 161 537 203 OLD 122 602 158 ATS 948 GOT 12S BS 749 473268 #03 161 528 203 GOB 122 602 BT TZ 94d GOB TAA TAT 474 266 799 160 529 202 G06 121 604 BT 47.0 941 G09 B72 Pa 475.265 79 159 5.40 20.1 603 121 6031S HB 937 GIO. 224 HI PHD 476 264 79.2 158 541-20. 60.2 120 GSTS KT 934 GDB BB 739 477263 789 158 542-199 59H 120 G07 ES 465 930 G22 HB 736 478 262 785 157 5.43199 596 119 G08 G3 GT GTB BP HK 734 479 26.1 782 156 5.44198 593 119 G09 ISH 42 93 GIA BP 38.8732 on(Ball 10 mm in Diameter, Applied Loads of 500, 1500, and 3000 kat) 2007 SECTION IL, PART A TABLE 6 BRINELL HARDNESS NUMBERS (A) (CONT'D) SA.70 ‘Brine Hardness Brine Hardness Brine! Haraness Brinell Hardness umber Number Neier umber Diameter of $00 1500 3000 Diameter of 500 1500 3000 Diameter of “500 1500 3000 Diameter of 500 1500 3000 Indentation, kof kof ef Indentation, kgf kgf kgf Indentation, kaf__kst af Indentation, kgf kgf kof ‘mm _"_Load_Load_Load nm Load Load Load mm Load Load Load mm Load Load Load 460 259 779 156 545 19.7 592 11810155 46.0 920244728 481 25.8 75 155 5a 196 5B9 118 611153 ASB G17 OT 12163728 482257 77a 154 547 19.5 5B NIT 12152 47 913 OTT 12d 362 723 483 256 768 154 5489S S84 IT GASH? 55 DIB 120560 2 484 255 Tha 153 549194582 11H Gd 252-45 90H YD ILE 489 254 71 182 $50 193 879 116 SEA? OD. 38a TRS 48 253 758 152 551192 877 11S GIG THO 45 900 «wl aa Td 487 25:1 754 151 552 19.2 575 11S G17 249 4a 896 © O21 HS PL 468 25.0 751 180 553191 572 114 6284p 447 833 68384 JOB 489 249 748 180 554 190570 114 19148 44S 89.0 «GEA 352 708 490 248 744 149° 555 189 548 114 6.20247 449 08T «GREE? BH? 708 491 247 741 148-586 189 8H 113-627 442 BOS BE? 35T F0I 492 246 738 148 557 188 863 123422740 8B O76 949 69.9 499 245 735 147 558187 561 112673. ABB O77 «GBD 348 698 494 244 732 14 55918 559 112 O24 SAT B74 6891647 GOA 495 243 728 14656018557 111625 MS ABH B71 8905 346 60.2 49 242 725 145° 5611S 555 112 626145 4B BHT OS aS 0D 497 241 722 144562184 55.2 1106.27 tae 32 G24 943 BT 499-240 719 149 509189550 IO G2B ed G31 BE 93342 6B 497 23.9 716 13 564383 SHB 0629. 429 BSB Oke 347 OB? 500 23.8 713 143 565182 546 109 630 Ae 42.7 895895 940 501 23.7 710 142 566 18.2544 1093142 ABH 82 698 «3-339 OFF 502 236 707 141 547 181 542 108 032d 42.4 B49 G97 13-938 67S 503 235 704 1M] 5.48 18.0549 1086.33 TH 2.3 B46 «GHB? 936 679 50a 234 702 140 549 17.9 53:7 107 634 «140 _2i_ 843 699 «10299570 nore: (I Prepared by the Engineering Mechanics Section, Institute for Standards Technology TABLE 7 PERCENT SHEAR FOR MEASUREMENTS MADE IN INCHES Dimension Dimension 4, in. 7 0.05 0.10 012 014 016 018 0.20 022 024 026 028 030 032 034 026 038 040 a a 010% «9290 ww www oa2 95908877735 024 94 a2 ae wk wk wT S78 TBH bak 58 ols 94 e785 wh TRG? Hla. 01s 93893 aD 782 GS 5G SCS] 020° 92 84 Bh 7 mee BS w]e], 022 92 8279752 6BwS LT 84543 D329 024 90 8177736} ws LT SUG 258k 026 90 «79 «75° 7 or 2 385d OAL 2825 2D 0280 89 «77736859358 5D a3 FB 030° 887% Ow} wl wk 03166 7570 6st GENERAL WOTE: Since this table is setup for finite measurements or cimersions A and 6, 190% shear isto be reported wien either & oF 8 orsA370 2007 SECTION 11, PART A TABLE 8 PERCENT SHEAR FOR MEASUREMENTS MADE IN MILLIMETRES ee : Dimension A, mi amm 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 10 10 «9-98-98 «8T «HOH: 9-288] Bo mB 1598 «97 «OSC: Ls we? 20 «8 «9S: RCS BA wT HOS. 25 «97 «954A OFA] BO 787778737208 30% OM: SF OBLO79:«777H «C7927 Hw 35 9 «93a w7 S278 7H OTA:«CTD 4D BT BS GS GSB 40 9892 90swBS TOTS DTG: TBS GST 85 BBD 45 98 92 BD RH 83 «BO 7775729 6G HB 61 SB OSS Saad 50 98 «BBS HLTH: 269 GHZ 5D SH O53 50a adv 55 93-9 BES 79767289 HORS] BSB BGS 2388 oo 6-6? BS BL77, TAH 9 5S BLOAT a 40383329 65-2 BB BS BD 7H 72 GY S59 5S FLAT A339 35 HB 7097 2787449 GAT AB 39 35 HLT 7S 98 BL O17:«72 728} Bad 3933S Dw so 85 8075705 004A S302 20H GENERAL NOTE: Since this table is set up for ite measurements or dimensions A and 2, 100% shear isto be reported wien either A or B ie zero TABLE 9 CHARPY V-NOTCH TEST ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR VARIOUS SUB-SIZE SPECIMENS Faull Size, % Size, % See, Size, % Ste, 4 Sie, 20 by 10 mm 20 by 7.5 mm 10 by 67 mre 20 by 5mm 10 by 3.3 mm 10 by 25 mm eo ee so tsa tau 2 gta Bp 08 ©6010 35 aa) [333 23 ut eal we oe 3 nal so tae Bor 2 0am) wa ea 2 a9 tet vo oe 8 an ‘ te 2 rh 48 01 ner 1 Ha 7 oo 5 on wa he n usl 8 oan 5 in 4 si % bo oD 31 ao ua sau 5 m 4 ro 3B alo na 9 oa ® (el 4 isi 3 ral ROB 9 23 @ ua 6 fen 4 is) 3 ta tal & nu 7 aol 5 un 3 la 2 re 7 tol 5 el 5 o 4 (si 2 31 2 fe 6742007 SECTION Il, PART A. samo ANNEXES (Mandatory Information) Al. STEEL BAR PRODUCTS ALA Scope ALLL ‘This supplement delineates only those details which are peculiar to hot-rolied and cold-finished stee] bars and are not covered in the general section of these test methods. AL2 Orientation of Test Specimens A121 Carbon and alloy steet bars and bar-size shapes, due to their relatively small cross-sectional dimen- sions, are customarily tested it the longitudinal direction. In special cases where size permits and the fabrication or service of a part justifies testing in a transverse direction, the selection and location of test or tests are a matter of ‘agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. AL3 Tension Test A131 Carbon Steel Bars — Carbon steel bars are not commonly specified to tensile requirements in the a rolled condition for sizes of rounds, squares, hexagons, and octagons under J; in. (13 mm) in diameter or distance ‘between parallel faces nor for other bar-size sections, other than flats, less than 1 in.” 645 mn? in cross-sectional area, A132 Alloy Stee! Bars-—- Alloy steel bars are usu. ally not tested in the as-olled conditio tests are specified, the practice ng test specimens for hot-tolled and cold-fnished steel bars of various sizes shall bein accordance with Table AL, unless otherwise specified in the product specifi cation, ALA Bend Test AL4.1 When bend tests are specified, the recom: mended practice for hot-rolled and cold-fnished steel bars shall be in accordance with Table Al.2. ALS Hardness Test ALS. Hardness Tests on Bar Products — fats, rounds, squares, hexagons and octagons —is conducted on the surface after a minimum removal of 0.015 in, 10 provide for accurate hardness penetration. A2. STEI A21 Scope A211 This supplement covers test specimens and test methods that are applicable to twbular products and ‘TUBULAR PRODUC are not covered in the general section of Test Methods and Definitions A 370. 21.2 Tubular shapes covered by this specification include, round, square, rectangular, and special shapes. A22 Tension Test A221 Full-Size Longitudinal Test Specimens: A22.1.1 As an altemative tothe use of longitudi- nal stip test specimens or longitudinal round test speci- mens, tension test specimens of full-size tubular sections are used, provided that the testing equipment has sufficient capacity. Snug-fiting metal plugs should be inserted far ‘enough in the end of such tbular specimens to permit the testing machine jaws to grip the specimens properly with- ‘out crashing, A design that may be used for such plugs is shown in Fig. A2.1. The plags shall not extend into that part of the specimen on which the elongation is measured (Fig. A2.1). Care should be exercised to see that insofar as practicable, the load in such cases is applied axially The length of the full-section specimen depends on the gage length prescribed for measuring the elongation. A2.2.1.2. Unless otherwise required by the product specification, the gage length is 2 in. or 50 mm, except that for tubing having an outside diameter of & in. @.5 mm) or less, it is customary for a gage length equal to four times the outside diameter to be used when elongation, comparable to that obtainable with larger test specimens is required A2.2.1.3 To determine the cross-sectional area of the full-section specimen, measurements shall be recorded as the average or mean between the greatest and Jeast ‘measurements of the outside diameter and the average or ‘mean wall thickness, to the nearest 0.001 in, (0,025 mm) and the cross-sectional area is determined by the following 61s 3.146164 ~) (any sectional area, in? outside diameter, in., and thickness of tube wall, in, NOTEA2 I — Thereoxis other methods oferos-soctionsl are detei- ation, uch a by weighing ofthe specimens, which ar equally ecsrale ‘or appropriate forthe parpoas. A222 Longitudinal Strip Test Specimens: