The practices of foreign and domestic politics carried out by countries are closely related with ... more The practices of foreign and domestic politics carried out by countries are closely related with their capacities to conduct risks and to utilize opportunities. That is why an effective discourse is needed for managing international and domestic affairs. In this context, the United States as an important player in the history of the past century has also developed a series of discourse and practices. When it comes to security, American approach considerably engages in both soft and hard discourses, moreover, never hesitates to make an interference even if it causes to war. In this article, while it is analysed how American security approach transformed in the course of time, on one hand, the related discourse in this context is scrutinized on the other hand.
ÖZET
Hemen hemen tüm kültürlerde ya da sosyokültürel yaşamın belirli dönemlerinde
çeşitli kutlam... more ÖZET Hemen hemen tüm kültürlerde ya da sosyokültürel yaşamın belirli dönemlerinde çeşitli kutlamalara bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan ritüellere rastlamak mümkündür. Grup ya da topluluk değerlerinin sembolleştirilerek davranış örüntüleri halinde kuşaklar boyunca aktarılmasını sağlayan ritüeller, kutlamaların vazgeçilmez bileşenleridir. Nevrûz ritüelleri de bunlardan birisidir. Nevrûzun, başta toplumları olmak üzere birçok kültür tarafından kutlanması ve çeşitli ritüellerle pekiştirilerek sembolize edilmesi, kutsallık atfedilmesi, aynı zamanda ona dini ve milli bir bayram kimliği kazandırır. Tüm kültürel etkinliklerde olduğu gibi Nevrûz kutlamalarında, toplumların kendilerine özgü dansları, oyunları, sembolleri, edebi ürünleri bulunabilmekte ve bu yönüyle kültürün pek çok unsuru ileri kuşaklara taşınabilmektedir. Bu çalışmamızda, nevrûzun kutlandığı ve kutsandığı toplumlarda, nasıl algılandığı ve kutlamalarda hangi ritüellerin sergilendiği ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Nevrûz, Kültür, Ritüel, Sembol, İnanışlar, Nevruz Ritüelleri
ABSTRACT It is possible to find rituals that emerge in relation to various celebrations in almost every culture or in certain periods of sociocultural life. Rituals, which allow group or community values to be conveyed throughout the generation in the form of symbolized behavior patterns, are indispensable components of celebrations. Nevruz rituals are one of them. Being celebrated by many cultures, especially in Turkish societies, symbolized by various rituals and attributed to holiness give Nevruz a religious and national feast identity therewithal. There are dances, games, symbols and literary products specific to the societies in the celebrations of Nevruz as it is in all cultural events, and in this way, many elements of culture can be moved to the next generations. In this study, it is aimed at demonstrating how Nevruz is perceived by societies that Nevruz is celebrated and blessed, and which rituals are exhibited in those celebrations. Keywords: Nowruz, Cultur, Rtuals, Symbol, Nowruz Rituals
In the 7th century, the Khazars emerged between the Don-Volga rivers in connection with Göktürk K... more In the 7th century, the Khazars emerged between the Don-Volga rivers in connection with Göktürk Khanate, ruled by Yusuf Kağan, a member of the Göktürk family. In this period, the Byzantine and Caspian associations followed a good course first. The Sasanites and the Arabs threatening Byzantine on the east side were threatening the southern and western lands of the Khazars. The Byzantine empire, which saw its successful battles against the Arab and Sassan forces of the Khazar Khanate, attempted to end with the support of the surrounding allies, without bringing the war closer to its center, like every great empire. In this period, the Byzantine ambassador to the Caucasus Andre asked for military support from Jebu Xakan in the war they had with the Sassanid State, and this request supported the Byzantine Empire morally as well as the beginning of good relations between the parties.
Towards the end of the 9th century, the weakening of the Caspian Khanate and the Byzantine empire this time formed an alliance with Pechenegs Avars, Cuman-Kipchak, Uz and Russians. As a result of the weakness, other Turkish tribes one by one began to emerge from the domination of the Khazar Khanate. In 965 the Svylatoslav coquered the capital city Itil of the Khazars. That is why the Khazar Khanate was destroyed. Although some of the Khazars have been able to hold for a while in the Crimea, they have disappeared in the 11th century.
The practices of foreign and domestic politics carried out by countries are closely related with ... more The practices of foreign and domestic politics carried out by countries are closely related with their capacities to conduct risks and to utilize opportunities. That is why an effective discourse is needed for managing international and domestic affairs. In this context, the United States as an important player in the history of the past century has also developed a series of discourse and practices. When it comes to security, American approach considerably engages in both soft and hard discourses, moreover, never hesitates to make an interference even if it causes to war. In this article, while it is analysed how American security approach transformed in the course of time, on one hand, the related discourse in this context is scrutinized on the other hand.
ÖZET
Hemen hemen tüm kültürlerde ya da sosyokültürel yaşamın belirli dönemlerinde
çeşitli kutlam... more ÖZET Hemen hemen tüm kültürlerde ya da sosyokültürel yaşamın belirli dönemlerinde çeşitli kutlamalara bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan ritüellere rastlamak mümkündür. Grup ya da topluluk değerlerinin sembolleştirilerek davranış örüntüleri halinde kuşaklar boyunca aktarılmasını sağlayan ritüeller, kutlamaların vazgeçilmez bileşenleridir. Nevrûz ritüelleri de bunlardan birisidir. Nevrûzun, başta toplumları olmak üzere birçok kültür tarafından kutlanması ve çeşitli ritüellerle pekiştirilerek sembolize edilmesi, kutsallık atfedilmesi, aynı zamanda ona dini ve milli bir bayram kimliği kazandırır. Tüm kültürel etkinliklerde olduğu gibi Nevrûz kutlamalarında, toplumların kendilerine özgü dansları, oyunları, sembolleri, edebi ürünleri bulunabilmekte ve bu yönüyle kültürün pek çok unsuru ileri kuşaklara taşınabilmektedir. Bu çalışmamızda, nevrûzun kutlandığı ve kutsandığı toplumlarda, nasıl algılandığı ve kutlamalarda hangi ritüellerin sergilendiği ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Nevrûz, Kültür, Ritüel, Sembol, İnanışlar, Nevruz Ritüelleri
ABSTRACT It is possible to find rituals that emerge in relation to various celebrations in almost every culture or in certain periods of sociocultural life. Rituals, which allow group or community values to be conveyed throughout the generation in the form of symbolized behavior patterns, are indispensable components of celebrations. Nevruz rituals are one of them. Being celebrated by many cultures, especially in Turkish societies, symbolized by various rituals and attributed to holiness give Nevruz a religious and national feast identity therewithal. There are dances, games, symbols and literary products specific to the societies in the celebrations of Nevruz as it is in all cultural events, and in this way, many elements of culture can be moved to the next generations. In this study, it is aimed at demonstrating how Nevruz is perceived by societies that Nevruz is celebrated and blessed, and which rituals are exhibited in those celebrations. Keywords: Nowruz, Cultur, Rtuals, Symbol, Nowruz Rituals
In the 7th century, the Khazars emerged between the Don-Volga rivers in connection with Göktürk K... more In the 7th century, the Khazars emerged between the Don-Volga rivers in connection with Göktürk Khanate, ruled by Yusuf Kağan, a member of the Göktürk family. In this period, the Byzantine and Caspian associations followed a good course first. The Sasanites and the Arabs threatening Byzantine on the east side were threatening the southern and western lands of the Khazars. The Byzantine empire, which saw its successful battles against the Arab and Sassan forces of the Khazar Khanate, attempted to end with the support of the surrounding allies, without bringing the war closer to its center, like every great empire. In this period, the Byzantine ambassador to the Caucasus Andre asked for military support from Jebu Xakan in the war they had with the Sassanid State, and this request supported the Byzantine Empire morally as well as the beginning of good relations between the parties.
Towards the end of the 9th century, the weakening of the Caspian Khanate and the Byzantine empire this time formed an alliance with Pechenegs Avars, Cuman-Kipchak, Uz and Russians. As a result of the weakness, other Turkish tribes one by one began to emerge from the domination of the Khazar Khanate. In 965 the Svylatoslav coquered the capital city Itil of the Khazars. That is why the Khazar Khanate was destroyed. Although some of the Khazars have been able to hold for a while in the Crimea, they have disappeared in the 11th century.
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Papers by Engin Akçay
Hemen hemen tüm kültürlerde ya da sosyokültürel yaşamın belirli dönemlerinde
çeşitli kutlamalara bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan ritüellere rastlamak mümkündür. Grup ya da
topluluk değerlerinin sembolleştirilerek davranış örüntüleri halinde kuşaklar boyunca
aktarılmasını sağlayan ritüeller, kutlamaların vazgeçilmez bileşenleridir. Nevrûz ritüelleri
de bunlardan birisidir. Nevrûzun, başta toplumları olmak üzere birçok kültür tarafından
kutlanması ve çeşitli ritüellerle pekiştirilerek sembolize edilmesi, kutsallık atfedilmesi,
aynı zamanda ona dini ve milli bir bayram kimliği kazandırır. Tüm kültürel etkinliklerde
olduğu gibi Nevrûz kutlamalarında, toplumların kendilerine özgü dansları, oyunları,
sembolleri, edebi ürünleri bulunabilmekte ve bu yönüyle kültürün pek çok unsuru ileri
kuşaklara taşınabilmektedir. Bu çalışmamızda, nevrûzun kutlandığı ve kutsandığı
toplumlarda, nasıl algılandığı ve kutlamalarda hangi ritüellerin sergilendiği ortaya
konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Nevrûz, Kültür, Ritüel, Sembol, İnanışlar, Nevruz Ritüelleri
ABSTRACT
It is possible to find rituals that emerge in relation to various celebrations in almost
every culture or in certain periods of sociocultural life. Rituals, which allow group or
community values to be conveyed throughout the generation in the form of symbolized
behavior patterns, are indispensable components of celebrations. Nevruz rituals are one
of them. Being celebrated by many cultures, especially in Turkish societies, symbolized
by various rituals and attributed to holiness give Nevruz a religious and national feast
identity therewithal. There are dances, games, symbols and literary products specific to
the societies in the celebrations of Nevruz as it is in all cultural events, and in this way,
many elements of culture can be moved to the next generations. In this study, it is aimed
at demonstrating how Nevruz is perceived by societies that Nevruz is celebrated and
blessed, and which rituals are exhibited in those celebrations.
Keywords: Nowruz, Cultur, Rtuals, Symbol, Nowruz Rituals
Towards the end of the 9th century, the weakening of the Caspian Khanate and the Byzantine empire this time formed an alliance with Pechenegs Avars, Cuman-Kipchak, Uz and Russians. As a result of the weakness, other Turkish tribes one by one began to emerge from the domination of the Khazar Khanate. In 965 the Svylatoslav coquered the capital city Itil of the Khazars. That is why the Khazar Khanate was destroyed. Although some of the Khazars have been able to hold for a while in the Crimea, they have disappeared in the 11th century.
Hemen hemen tüm kültürlerde ya da sosyokültürel yaşamın belirli dönemlerinde
çeşitli kutlamalara bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan ritüellere rastlamak mümkündür. Grup ya da
topluluk değerlerinin sembolleştirilerek davranış örüntüleri halinde kuşaklar boyunca
aktarılmasını sağlayan ritüeller, kutlamaların vazgeçilmez bileşenleridir. Nevrûz ritüelleri
de bunlardan birisidir. Nevrûzun, başta toplumları olmak üzere birçok kültür tarafından
kutlanması ve çeşitli ritüellerle pekiştirilerek sembolize edilmesi, kutsallık atfedilmesi,
aynı zamanda ona dini ve milli bir bayram kimliği kazandırır. Tüm kültürel etkinliklerde
olduğu gibi Nevrûz kutlamalarında, toplumların kendilerine özgü dansları, oyunları,
sembolleri, edebi ürünleri bulunabilmekte ve bu yönüyle kültürün pek çok unsuru ileri
kuşaklara taşınabilmektedir. Bu çalışmamızda, nevrûzun kutlandığı ve kutsandığı
toplumlarda, nasıl algılandığı ve kutlamalarda hangi ritüellerin sergilendiği ortaya
konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Nevrûz, Kültür, Ritüel, Sembol, İnanışlar, Nevruz Ritüelleri
ABSTRACT
It is possible to find rituals that emerge in relation to various celebrations in almost
every culture or in certain periods of sociocultural life. Rituals, which allow group or
community values to be conveyed throughout the generation in the form of symbolized
behavior patterns, are indispensable components of celebrations. Nevruz rituals are one
of them. Being celebrated by many cultures, especially in Turkish societies, symbolized
by various rituals and attributed to holiness give Nevruz a religious and national feast
identity therewithal. There are dances, games, symbols and literary products specific to
the societies in the celebrations of Nevruz as it is in all cultural events, and in this way,
many elements of culture can be moved to the next generations. In this study, it is aimed
at demonstrating how Nevruz is perceived by societies that Nevruz is celebrated and
blessed, and which rituals are exhibited in those celebrations.
Keywords: Nowruz, Cultur, Rtuals, Symbol, Nowruz Rituals
Towards the end of the 9th century, the weakening of the Caspian Khanate and the Byzantine empire this time formed an alliance with Pechenegs Avars, Cuman-Kipchak, Uz and Russians. As a result of the weakness, other Turkish tribes one by one began to emerge from the domination of the Khazar Khanate. In 965 the Svylatoslav coquered the capital city Itil of the Khazars. That is why the Khazar Khanate was destroyed. Although some of the Khazars have been able to hold for a while in the Crimea, they have disappeared in the 11th century.