Coğrafya

Background and Purpose-Synaptic transmission is highly vulnerable to metabolic perturbations. However, the long-term consequences of transient metabolic perturbations on synapses are not clear. We studied the long-lasting changes in synaptic transmission and phosphorylation of presynaptic proteins in penumbral cortical neurons after transient moderate ischemia. Methods-Rats were subjected to 1 hour of middle cerebral artery occlusion. After reperfusion, electric activity of neurons in the peri-infarct region was recorded intracellularly and extracellularly in situ. Phosphorylation of synapsin-I and tyrosine residues was studied by immunohistochemistry. Results-Neurons in the penumbra displayed no postsynaptic potentials 1 to 3 hours after recirculation. However, these cells were able to generate action potentials and were responsive to glutamate, suggesting that postsynaptic excitability was preserved but the synaptic transmission was blocked because of a presynaptic defect. The synaptic transmission was still depressed 24 hours after recirculation in neurons in the peri-infarct area that survived ischemia. The amount of immunoreactive synapsin-I, synaptophysin, and synaptotagmin was not appreciably changed for 72 hours after reperfusion. However, phosphorylation of synapsin-l was significantly decreased, whereas phosphotyrosine immunoreactivity was increased, suggesting a selective defect in synapsin-I phosphorylation. Conclusions-These data demonstrate that synaptic transmission may be permanently impaired after transient moderate brain injury. Since postsynaptic excitability is preserved, the transmission failure is likely to be caused by presynaptic mechanisms, one of which may be impaired phosphorylation of presynaptic proteins.

Cells in the umbilical cord stroma have gained attention in recent years; however, differentiation to certain lineages in humans has been demonstrated in few studies. Unlike bone marrow MSCs, human umbilical cord stroma cells (HUCSCs) are far from being well characterized. This study attempts to describe proliferation, structural, and differentiation properties of these cells to account for their exceptional nature in many aspects. Cellular dynamics, cellular structure, and the degree of transformations during expansion and differentiation into mesenchymal and neuronal lineages were examined in vitro over a 10-month period. Comparisons with human bone marrow MSCs regarding differentiation were performed. HUCSCs in culture revealed two distinct cell populations, type 1 and type 2 cells, that possessed differential vimentin and cytokeratin filaments. Corresponding cells were encountered in cord sections displaying region-specific localization. α-Smooth muscle actin and desmin filaments, which were evident in cord sections, diminished through passages. No difference was noted regarding type 1 and type 2 cells in differentiation to chondrogenic, adipogenic, and osteogenic lineages, whereas a preferential differentiation was noted in neuronal lineage. Relative success was achieved by production of chondrocytic spheres and osteogenic monolayers, whereas adipocytes were immature compared with bone marrow MSCs. The presence of neuronal markers suggests that they transform into a certain state of maturity under neurogenic induction. Conclusively, HUCSCs retain their original phenotype in culture without spontaneous differentiation, have a limited lifespan, and bear multipotent stem cell characteristics. Given these characteristics, they may be generally considered progenitor cells if manipulated under appropriate conditions and deserve further study to be potentially used in cell-based therapies.

It has been previously demonstrated that human umbilical cord stroma-derived stem cells (HUCSCs) are competent to differentiate into adipocytes. However, controversies have arisen as to whether HUCSCs can become mature adipocytes or not, and to what extent these cells can be induced in adipogenic pathway. Here, we extensively analyzed their adipogenic potency with a structural and functional approach by determining lipid formation dynamics in concordance to adipocyte-specific markers. During a 35-day period, HUCSCs respond to adipogenic induction, at which point 88% of cells exhibited multilocular lipid granules (LGs) having a mean diameter of 3 μm in round-shaped, F-actin-poor cells. Although the 1st week of induction did not generally display typical lipidogenic phenotypes, the degree of adipogenesis was dissected and confirmed by mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, C/EBP-β, sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1, adipophilin, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1, LIPE, adiponectin, and leptin. All markers tested were found elevated in various amounts (3–70-fold) around day 7 and reached a plateau after day 14 or 21 (5–335-fold). Perilipin as a surface protein around the LGs was confined exclusively to the enlarging LGs. Conclusively, we propose that after the termination of proliferation, HUCSCs possess the biochemical and cellular machinery to successfully differentiate into maturing adipocytes under adipogenic conditions, and this feature will ultimately allow these fetus-derived stem cells to be used for various therapeutic or esthetic purposes.Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.

Background and Purpose-Use of thrombolysis in stroke is limited by a short therapeutic window because delayed reperfusion may cause brain hemorrhage and edema. Available evidence suggests a role for superoxide, NO, and peroxynitrite in reperfusion-induced injury. However, depending on their cellular origin and interactions between them, these molecules may exert protective or deleterious actions, neither of which is characterized in the intact brain. Methods-Using fluorescent probes, we determined superoxide and peroxynitrite formation within neurons, astrocytes, and endothelium, and the association between oxidative/nitrative stress and vascular injury in mice brains subjected to 2-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion and 3 or 5 hours of reperfusion. Results-Both signals were colocalized, suggesting that the main source of peroxynitrite in the reperfused brain was a reaction between superoxide and NO. Superoxide and peroxynitrite formation was particularly intense in microvessels and astrocytic end-feet surrounding them, and overlapped with dense mitochondrial labeling. Sites of oxidative/nitrative stress on microvessels were colocalized with markers of vascular injury such as Evans blue (EB) leakage and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression, suggesting an association between peroxynitrite and microvascular injury. Supporting this idea, partial inhibition of endothelial NO synthesis at reperfusion with a low dose of L-nitroarginine (1 mg/kg IP) reduced 3-nitrotyrosine formation in microvessels and EB extravasation. Conclusion-During reperfusion, intense superoxide, NO, and peroxynitrite formation on microvessels and surrounding end-feet may lead to cerebral hemorrhage and edema by disrupting microvascular integrity. Combination of thrombolysis with agents diminishing oxidative/nitrative stress may reduce reperfusion-induced injury and extend the therapeutic window for thrombolysis. (Stroke. 2004;35:1449-1453.)

Zoobenthic investigations carried out along the Turkish Levantine coast resulted in identification of nine previously unrecorded alien species: Macrorhynchia philippina (Hydrozoa), Oculina patagonica (Anthozoa), Branchiomma luctuosum (Polychaeta), Aplysia dactylomela (Gastropoda), Synaptula reciprocans (Echinodermata), Phallusia nigra, Pyura (=Herdmania) momus, Symplegma brakenhielmi (Tunicata) and Parupeneus forsskali (Osteichthyes). Except for the shipping-transported O. patagonica, which originated in the Atlantic Ocean, the species are recognized as Erythrean aliens that entered the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal. Some ecological and distributional details are briefly discussed.

The effects of the pesticide carbendazim (MBC) on the in vitro meiotic maturation of mouse oocytes were evaluated using conventional and confocal fluorescence microscopy. The response of oocytes exposed to 0, 3, 10, or 30 mM MBC during meiotic maturation was analyzed with respect to chromosome organization, meiotic spindle microtubules, and cortical actin using fluorescent labels for each of these structures. Continuous exposure to MBC during the resumption of meiosis resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of meiotic cell cycle progression at metaphase of meiosis-1. Drug exposure at the metaphaseanaphase transition of meiosis-1 did not interfere with cell cycle progression to metaphase-2 except at high concentrations (30 mM). At the level of spindle microtubule organization, MBC caused a loss of nonacetylated microtubules and a decrease in spindle size at 3 or 10 mM concentrations. Thirty mM MBC prevented spindle assembly when added at the beginning of meiotic maturation or caused spindle pole disruption and fragmentation when added to preformed spindles. Spindle disruption involved a loss of phosphoprotein epitopes, as monitored by MPM-2 staining, and resulted in the appearance of dispersed chromosomes that retained a metaphase-plate location on spindle fragments associated with the oocyte cortex. Polar body extrusion was impaired by MBC, and abnormal polar bodies were observed in most treated oocytes. The results suggest that MBC disrupts cell cycle progression in mouse oocytes by altering meiotic spindle microtubule stability and spindle pole integrity.

Human umbilical cord (UC) has been a tissue of increasing interest in recent years. Many groups have shown the stem cell potency of stromal cells isolated from the human UC mesenchymal tissue, namely, Wharton's jelly. Since UC is a postnatal organ discarded after birth, the collection of cells does not require an invasive procedure with ethical concerns. Stromal cells, as the dominant cells of this fetus-derived tissue, possess multipotent properties between embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. They bear a relatively higher proliferation rate and self-renewal capacity. Although they share common surface markers with bone marrow-derived MSCs, they also express certain embryonic stem cell markers, albeit in low levels. Without any spontaneous differentiation, they can be successfully differentiated into mature adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, skeletal myocytes, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and endothelial cells. While causing no immunorejection reaction, they effectively function in vivo as dopaminergic neurons, myocytes, and endothelial cells. Given these characteristics, particularly the plasticity and developmental flexibility, UC stromal cells are now considered an alternative source of stem cells and deserve to be examined in long-term clinical trials. This review first aims to document the published findings so far regarding the nature of human UC stroma with special emphasis on the spatial distribution and functional structure of stromal cells and matrix, which serves as a niche for residing cells, and, secondly, to assess the in vitro and in vivo experiments in which differential stem cell potencies were evaluated.Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.

Due to the growing amount of data related to the deleterious effects of the synthetic oestrogenic compound, diethylstilbestrol (DES), on the female reproductive system, we tested the potential effects of this compound on mouse oocytes. Controlled time-and dose-dependent in-vitro experiments were carried out on isolated cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) to examine the meiotic spindle assembly and chromosome distribution. α-tubulin, chromosomes and F-actin were labelled and detected by confocal laser scanning microscope. COCs were exposed to varying doses of DES (5-30 µmol/l) from the germinal vesicle (GV) stage to the end of metaphase II (MII) when meiosis I and meiosis II is normally completed. Exposure to DES during meiosis I caused a dose-dependent inhibition of cell cycle progression. In comparison with controls, fewer oocytes reached metaphase I (MI) at low doses (5 µmol/l) of DES, while none of the oocytes reached MI in high doses (30 µmol/l). When COCs were exposed to high doses of DES during meiosis II, fragmentation of first meiotic spindle was detected, whereas lower doses caused loosening of the first and the second meiotic spindles. No microtubular abnormalities were detected either in GV-stage oocytes or in cumulus cells. The above data demonstrate that one mode of action of DES on mouse oocytes is a severe yet reversible deterioration of meiotic spindle microtubule organization during maturation.

Günlük yaşantımızı derinden etkileyen ekonomik krizlerin son yıllarda giderek sıklaştığı ve niteliğinin değiştiği görülmektedir. Finansal yapıdan kaynaklanan 2001 krizi sonrasında sektörün restorasyonu ve regülasyonu için radikal değişikliklere gidilmiştir. Bu uygulamalar sonrasında sektörde çalışanların önemli kısmının bundan etkilendiği görülmektedir. Bu makalede sektörde yapılan düzenlemelerin banka yoğunluğunun değişmesi ve sektörde istihdam edilenlere etkisi ele alınmaktadır.

ii ÖZET SURĠYELĠ MÜLTECĠLERĠN MALATYA'DA COĞRAFĠ DAĞILIġI VE SOSYO-EKONOMĠK ETKĠLERĠ Ġrfan TAPAN 2010 yılının Aralık ayında Tunus"ta cereyan eden Yasemin Devrimi veya Arap Baharı olarak bilinen halk ayaklanmaları kısa sürede Kuzey Afrika ve Orta Doğu"ya yayılmıĢtır. Bu ayaklanmaların baĢladığı Orta Doğu ülkelerinden bir tanesi de Suriye"dir. Suriye"de 2011 yılının Mart ayında baĢlayan küçük gruplar halindeki protestolar kısa sürede bütün ülkeyi etkisi altına alan bir halk ayaklanmasına dönüĢmüĢtür. Esad rejiminin gösterilere ve protestolara silahlı müdahalede bulunması neticesinde olaylar uzun yıllardır devam eden bir iç savaĢa dönüĢmüĢ durumdadır. Bu devam eden iç savaĢ neticesinde Suriye"de 8 yıldır Ģiddetli bir Ģekilde artan olaylar yüzünden milyonlarca Suriyeli kendi ülkesinden ayrılarak baĢta komĢu ülkeler olmak üzere dünyanın diğer farklı bölgelerine göç etmek zorunda kalmıĢtır. Suriyeli mültecilerin sığındığı komĢu ülkelerinden biride Türkiye"dir. Türkiye"nin hemen her bölgesinde yaĢamlarını sürdüren Suriyeli mültecilerin yerleĢtirildiği illerden bir tanesi de Malatya"dır. Bu çalıĢmada Suriyeli mültecilerin Malatya ilindeki coğrafi dağılıĢları ve sosyoekonomik etkileri araĢtırılmıĢtır. Yapılan araĢtırma ve çalıĢma kapsamında yerli halktan 843, Suriyeli mültecilerden ise 823 kiĢiyle anket çalıĢması gerçekleĢtirilmiĢtir. GerçekleĢtirilen anket ve yüz yüze görüĢmeler neticesinde hazırlanan sorulara cevap aranmıĢ, gerek yerel halkın gerekse de Suriyeli vatandaĢların karĢılıklı bakıĢ açıları ve görüĢleri öğrenilmeye çalıĢılmıĢtır. Bu çerçevede öncelikli olarak Suriyeli mültecilerin Malatya ekonomisi üzerindeki etkisi ve yerel halkın Suriyelilere karĢı bakıĢ açısı araĢtırılmıĢ ve bu konu üzerine yoğunlaĢmıĢtır. Yapılan anketin kapsama alanı Malatya ilinin YeĢilyurt ve Battalgazi belediyelerinde mültecilerin yoğun olarak yaĢadığı mahallelerdir. Bunun neticesinde bu çalıĢmada Suriyeli sığınmacıların Malatya ilindeki istihdam, ev kiraları, iĢçi ücretleri ile Ģehrin sosyo-ekonomik ve kültürel özellikleri üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiĢtir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Suriyeli mülteciler, Malatya, Malatya"daki coğrafi dağılıĢları, sosyoekonomik etkileri, yerel halkın bakıĢ açısı iii ABSTRACT GEOGRAPHĠCAL DĠSTRĠBUTĠON AND SOCIO-ECONOMĠC EFFECTS OF SYRĠAN REFUGEES ĠN MALATYA Ġrfan TAPAN In December 2010, the the Jasmine Revolution in Tunisia, or the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring spread to North Africa and the Middle East. One of the Middle East countries where these uprisings have began is Syria. Small groups, which began in Syria in March 2011, turned into a popular uprising in a short period of time, under the influence of the whole country. As a result of the armed intervention of the Assad regime in demosnstrations and protests, the events have turned into a civil war that has been going on for many years. As a result of the on goning civil war in Syria fort he last 8 years, because of the violent events, millions of Syrians have left their home country and have had to migrate to other regions of the world, especially the neighboring countries. Syrian refugees seek refuge in neighboring countries, one of the which is Turkey. In also every region of Malatya, Turkey also one of the provinces where the placement of Syrian refugees who are living. In this study, the geographical distribution and socio-economic effects of Syrian refugees in Malatya province were investigated. 843 of the locals and 823 of the Syrian refugees were surveyed. The questionnaire and face-to-face interviews were conducted to answer the questions of the local population and the Syrian citizens. In this context, the impact of Syrian refugees on Malatya economy and the perspective of local people towards Syrians have been researched and focused on this issue. The scope of the research is the neighborhoods where refugees live intensively in YeĢilyurt and Battalgazi Municipalities of Malatya. As a result of this study, the effects of Syrian refugees on employment, house rents, worker wahes and the socio-economic and cultural characteristics of the city has been examined. ÖNSÖZ Ġstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Coğrafya Anabilim Dalında, Yüksek Lisans tezi olarak hazırlamıĢ olduğum ""Suriyeli Mültecilerin Malatya"da Coğrafi DağılıĢı ve Sosyo-Ekonomik Etkileri"" adlı çalıĢmamın amacı Suriyeli mültecilerin Malatya"da yoğunlaĢtıkları bölgeler ve mültecilerin Ģehrin sosyo-ekonomik yapısı üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymaktır. ÇalıĢma sahası olarak Malatya ilinin Akçadağ, YeĢilyurt ve Battalgazi ilçeleri seçilmiĢtir. Bu ilçelerin seçilmesinin sebebi Suriyeli mültecilerinin bulunduğu MABEK tesisinin bu bölgede yer alması ve mültecilerin daha çok bu üç ilçede yoğunlaĢmıĢ olmasıdır. Hazırlanan tez çalıĢması dört bölümden oluĢmaktadır. Birinci bölümde göç, göçmen, mülteci, sığınmacı kavramlarının tanımı, Suriyeli mültecilerin Ģu anki mevcut durumu, sayısı, Suriyelilerin Türkiye"ye maliyeti gibi konulara değinilmiĢ, ikinci bölümde Malatya"nın tarihçesi, fiziki ve beĢeri özellikleri, üzerinde durulmuĢtur. Üçüncü bölümde, Suriyeli mültecilerin Malatya"ya geliĢ süreci, MABEK tesisinin kuruluĢu ve kampın genel özellikleri ile Suriyeli mültecilerin Malatya ilindeki genel durumları hakkında bilgi verilmiĢtir. Dördüncü bölümde ise Malatya"nın YeĢilyurt, Battalgazi ve Akçadağ ilçelerinde yer alan yerli halk ile Suriyeli mültecilerle yapılmıĢ görüĢmeler ve anket çalıĢması yer almaktadır. Malatya"daki Suriyeli mülteciler ile ilgili hazırladığım bu çalıĢmada, lisans ve yüksek lisans eğitimim döneminde coğrafya bilgimin geliĢmesine önemli katkıları olan değerli danıĢman hocam Prof. Dr. Süheyla BALCI AKOVA"ya teĢekkürlerimi sunarım. Tez çalıĢmam sırasında bana yardımcı olan baĢta kardeĢim Ramazan TAPAN"a, Malatya halkına ve Suriyeli mültecilere, Battalgazi Belediyesi çalıĢanlarına da çok teĢekkür ederim. Tez çalıĢmam süresince karĢılaĢtığım sorunların baĢında valilik, kaymakamlık ve il nüfus müdürlüğü çalıĢanlarının gerekli bilgileri elde etmemde yardımcı olmayı reddetmeleri, yerli halktan bir kısım insanların anket çalıĢmasına katılmayı kabul etmemeleri, Suriyeli mülteciler içinde Türkçeyi iyi bilmeyen sığınmacılarla iletiĢime geçmekte zorluklar yaĢanması gibi sorunlar bulunmaktadır.

Erzincan illeriyle çevrilidir. Bu ilde yapılan kazılarda ilin yerleşim tarihi M.Ö. 6000 yıllarına kadar dayandığı ve tarih boyunca birçok devlet ve medeniyete ev sahipliği yaptığı tespit edilmiştir. Malatya önemli ticaret yolları üzerinde bulunan bir il olduğu için tarih boyunca birçok kez farklı devletler arasında çatışma noktası olmuştur. Tarihin çeşitli dönemlerinde birçok kez işgal ve yağmalanmış ve bu nedenle kentin yerleşimi tarihte iki kez yer değiştirmiştir. Bu alanda ülkemizde taşınan şehirlerden biridir. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti kurulduktan sonra ülkemizde yapılan ilk nüfus sayımında Malatya il nüfusu 305.785 iken, 2019 yılında yapılan nüfus sayımında Malatya şehrinin nüfusu 800.165 kişiye ulaşmıştır. 1927 yılından günümüze kadar geçen sürede Malatya nüfusu yaklaşık 500 bin kişi artarak ülkemizdeki büyükşehirlerden biri olmayı başarmıştır. Şehir nüfusunun bu denli bir artma eğilimi göstermesinde yüksek doğurganlık oranları kadar, diğer illerden gelen göç olayları da etkili olmuştur. Hazırlanan bu çalışmada Malatya ilinin 1927'den 2019 yılına kadar geçen süreçte yapılan nüfus sayımlarında ilin toplam nüfusu, nüfus artışı, ilçelerin nüfus yoğunluğu, nüfusun ilçelere göre dağılışı ve yaklaşık yüzyıllık süreçte bu ilde gerçekleşen göç hareketleri araştırılmıştır.

In the Upper Euphrates of the Eastern Anatolia Region; Adıyaman, Elazığ, Van, Muş, Bingöl is located in the southwestern end of the depression area and in the north of the Hatay-Maraş gutter, Malatya province is surrounded by Elazig in the east and Diyarbakır in the south by Adıyaman in the west and Sivas and Erzincan in the north. In the excavations carried out in this province, the settlement date of the province BC. It has been determined that it dates back to 6000 years and has hosted many states and civilizations throughout history. Since Malatya is a province located on important trade routes, it has been a point of conflict between different states many times throughout history. It has been invaded and looted several times in various periods of history, and therefore the city's settlement has been relocated twice in history. In this area, it is one of the cities that has moved in our country. While the population of Malatya was 305,785 in the first census conducted in our country after the foundation of the Republic, the population of Malatya city reached 800,165 people in the census conducted in 2019. In the period from 1927 until today, Malatya population has increased by approximately 500 thousand people and has managed to become one of the metropolitan cities in our country. The high fertility rates as well as the migration events from other provinces have been effective in the tendency of the city population to increase so much. In this study prepared, the total population of the province, population growth, population density of the districts, distribution of the population by districts and migration movements in this province for about a century were investigated in the census conducted in the province of Malatya from 1927 to 2019.

şiddetli bir iç savaşa dönüşen ve Arap Baharı olarak bilinen halk ayaklanmaları ve protestolar sonucunda özellikle Suriye'de milyonlarca insan ölmüş ve milyonlarcası da başka ülkelere göç etmiştir. Suriyeli mültecilerin göç ettiği komşu ülkelerden bir tanesi de Türkiye'dir. Türkiye'nin hemen her bölgesinde yaşamlarını sürdüren Suriyeli mültecilerin yerleştirildiği illerden biri de Malatya'dır.

Araştırma sahası olan Köşükhan; Adıyaman ilinin, Sincik ilçesinin Yarpuzlu (Birimşe) Bucağına bağlı bir yayla yerleşmesidir. Kuzeyinde 1608 metre ortalama yükseltiye sahip Türk Dağı ve 1570 metre yükseklikteki Karaman Yaylası, batısında Surut (Sirat) Mezrası, güneybatısında 1500 metre yükseklikte Karaköse Köyü, güneyinde 1480 metre yükseklikte Yarpuzlu Bucağı doğusunda ise Şahintepe ile Aksu bulunmaktadır. Köşükhan yerleşmesinin ortalama yükseltisi 1550 metredir. Araştırma sahası kuru ve sert bir bozkır iklimine sahip olup, kışlar çok soğuk ve kar yağışlı, yazlar ise çok sıcak ve kuraktır. Ancak bölgenin yükseltisi fazla olduğu için yazlar nispeten serin geçer. Köşükhan sel felaketi 26 Ağustos 1956 yılında saat 16:30 sularında meydana gelmiş ve Yarpuzlu Köyünden yaylada bulunan 40 kişi ölmüş, 20 kişi ise yaralı olarak kurtulmuştur. Hazırlanan bu çalışmada bölgede yapılan yaylacılık faaliyetlerine de değinilmiştir. Yarpuzlu köylüsünün Köşükhan’a yerleşmek için, kuru dere yatağını seçmesi bu felaketin meydana gelmesine zemin hazırlamıştır. Olayın üzerinden 65 yıl geçmesine rağmen köylülerin aynı hatayı tekrarladığı ve kuru dere yatağının içine ev inşa edip, çadır kurdukları gözlemlenmiştir. Olayın meydana geldiği Köşükhan yayla yerleşmesinde, detaylı araştırma ve gözlemler yapılmış, Yarpuzlu ve civardaki diğer köylülerle görüşmeler gerçekleştirilerek sel felaketinde yaşanılan olayla ilgili bilgi toplanmıştır.

Approximately one third of our country's land consists of plateaus and mountains, which are mountainous and rugged areas. As a result of the wide coverage of mountainous and rugged areas in our country, plateaus have occurred in almost every region. These plateaus, which have gained a place in large areas, are also an important source of income and economic gain for the people of the region. This situation has allowed transhumance activities and highland culture to take a place in large areas in different geographies of our country. There are many plateaus, especially in the Black Sea, Eastern Anatolia and Mediterranean regions. There are plateaus in the Southeastern Anatolia Region, and one of the provinces where these plateaus are located is Adıyaman. However, the Sincik district of Adıyaman province, which is the research area, is located within the borders of the Eastern Anatolia Region. Therefore, the plateaus in this region have the characteristic features of the plateaus in the Eastern Anatolia Region. In this study, transhumance activities in the vicinity of Türk Mountain, at an altitude of 1608 meters, in the north of Sincik (Adıyaman) district, which is located within the borders of the Eastern Anatolia Region, were investigated. The district of Sincik and its surroundings have a hot and dry climate. However, due to the height of the Turkish Mountain and its surroundings, the summer months are quite cool. This situation has caused many villages in the vicinity to use this place as a summer pasture. For this research, fieldwork was carried out in the region between 13.08.2019 and 27.08.2019, and the observations and information necessary for the article study were obtained. As a result of the field studies, it was understood that fifteen plateaus are still in use around this Türk Mountain, and four plateaus are abandoned. In this study, the number of the plateaus in the region, their names, which villagers migrated to which plateau, the types of economic activities carried out in the plateaus, the movements of change in the plateaus in the last thirty years were investigated. As a result of the research and field studies, the problems of the plateaus in the region and solutions for these problems were made.

Bu çalışmada Malatya ilinin Battalgazi ilçesine bağlı Orduzu Mahallesi’nin Pınarbaşı mevkiinde bulunan Orduzu-Pınarbaşı Mesire Alanı’nın özellikleri, rekreasyon faaliyetleri, bölgenin potansiyeli, sorunları ve çözüm önerileri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışma için kullanılan materyaller çeşitli makale çalışmaları, internet ortamındaki kaynaklar, Malatya Büyükşehir Belediyesi ve Malatya Valiliği’nin çeşitli kaynaklarıdır. Bu araştırma için bölgede gözlem yöntemi kullanılarak bölge hakkında detaylı bir araştırma ve incelemeler yapılarak ulaşılan bulgular not edilip çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Toplanılan veriler ve yapılan gözlemler neticesinde elde edilen bulgular derlenerek yorumlanmıştır. Yapılan araştırma ve gözlemler neticesinde Orduzu-Pınarbaşı bölgesinin Malatya ilinde en yoğun şekilde ziyaret edildiği mesire alanı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu mesire alanının sınırları içerisinde fuar alanı, lunapark, hayvanat bahçesi, tabiat parkı, kent ormanı, olimpik yüzme havuzu, kır düğün salonları, Malatya Spor Kulübü antrenman tesisleri, piknik yerleri, kafe ve restoranlar bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca mesire alanın içinde Orduzu-Pınarbaşı Gölet’i de yer almakta olup, bu gölette turistik sandal gezileri gerçekleştirilmektedir.
Sonuç olarak Orduzu-Pınarbaşı Mesire Alanı’nda yaşanılan yoğun nüfus hareketliliğinden dolayı bölgede bir takım sorunların meydana geldiği görülmüş ve bu sorunların çözümü için çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.