Business Management and Organization

Bu araştırma, toplam kalite yönetimi uygulamalarının şirketin finansal olmayan performans algısı üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacını taşımaktadır. Araştırma turizm, ulaşım, inşaat, gıda ve teknoloji sektörlerinde faaliyet gösteren 5 firmanın kalite departmanında yapılmış olup bu departmanda çalışanlara anket uygulanmıştır. Yapılan faktör analizine göre toplam kalite yönetimi için "liderlik ve sürekli gelişim", "müşteri odaklılık" ve "paydaş katılımı" boyutları ve finansal olmayan performans algısı için "müşteri perspektifi", "inovasyon ve öğrenme perspektifi" ve "iç süreçler perspektifi" boyutları bulunmuştur. Toplam kalite yönetimi boyutlarından müşteri odaklılık ile finansal olmayan performans algısı boyutlarından müşteri perspektifi ve inovasyon ve öğrenme perspektifi boyutları arasında anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Yapılan regresyon analizine göre toplam kalite yönetimi boyutlarından müşteri odaklılık, finansal olmayan performans algısı boyutlarından inovasyon ve öğrenme perspektifi üzerinde negatif bir etkiye sahiptir. Diğer boyutlar arasında ilişki ve etki bulunamamıştır.

Bu araştırmada, çalışanların dönüşümcü liderlik algılarının örgütsel bağlılıkları üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırma bir hizmet firmasının farklı departmanlarında çalışan 144 beyaz yakalı çalışanı ile yapılmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında anket yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde "bağımsız t testi", "eşlenik t testi", "korelasyon analizi", "regresyon analizi" ve "tek yönlü ANOVA testi" kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre dönüşümcü liderliğin ilham verici motivasyon bileşeninin örgütsel bağlılık ve örgütsel bağlılık bileşenlerinden duygusal, normatif ve devam bağlılıkları üzerinde anlamlı etkileri olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Son olarak çalışanların dönüşümcü liderlik algıları ve örgütsel bağlılıklarının demografik özelliklerine göre farklılık gösterip göstermediği araştırılmıştır.

ÖZET Sağlık hizmetlerinin daha yaygın ve erişilebilir olması ancak hizmet-lerin daha adil ve eşit bir şekilde sunulması ile mümkün olabilir. Hiz-metlerin adil ve eşit sunulmasında son yıllarda etkin olarak kullanılan yöntemlerin başında gelen biyometrik tanımlama yöntemleri gerek uygulamacılar gerekse akademisyenler tarafından farklı disiplinlerce ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı ise biyometrik tanımlama yöntem-lerinin sağlık hizmetlerindeki suistimalleri önleme konusundaki başa-rısının ölçülmesidir. Araştırma kapsamında Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu (SGK) tarafından devreye alınan damar izi yöntemi ile biyometrik kim-lik doğrulama sistemi incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda Genel Sağlık Sigor-tasının yirmi dört aylık verileri kullanılmıştır. Bu veriler doğrultusunda biyometri sonrasındaki beş aylık dönem analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucu olarak biyometrik tanımlama yöntemlerinin sağlık harcamala-rında az da olsa bir değişiklik yarattığı ve bu değişikliğin dönemsel bazlı olarak farklılaştığı hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca bu değişikliğin boyu-tunu etkileyen faktörlerin neler olabileceği ve nasıl etkilediği de tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın, disiplinler arası olması ve bu alanda kısıtlı sayıda araştırma olması nedeniyle, sonuçları önem arz etmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Biyometri, Tanımlama Yöntemleri, Sağlık Harca-malarındaki Riskler, Suistimaller.

The study attempts to fill in the empirical gap of spiritual leadership relationship with organizational commitment in the oil and gas industry in Malaysia. On a wider perspective, the study will provide an insight on spiritual leadership adoption in the oil and gas industry and how well it has contributed to the overall efficiency towards productivity and growth. The effectiveness of a particular leadership approach may differ from one industry to another based on the demographic, geographic or principle of business factors. In an attempt to get an adequate and good generalization, out of approximately 106,000 populations, 203 respondents were selected from 11 main subgroups: namely the oil and gas related firms operating within the gazetted industrialed zone by using quota sampling. Relying on four constructs measuring spiritual leadership the investigation hypothesized their relationship with the committment at work. The findings of the research may serve as a reference for organizations to make decisions on the leadership approach that suits with the organizational environment. Similar studies on the context of spiritual leadership conducted by researchers around the world have been sparse due to the fact that the implementation of such approach is still at its infancy. Therefore, the findings from the study are important to contribute to the academic literatures as well as to provide enrichment in the discussion of the subject matter.

In the social sciences literature, the concept of "trust" as an important phenomenon has been increasingly recognized. Basically it shows us the nature and importance of establishing and maintenance of trust in building business to business and interpersonal relations. In particular, employees' trust in their leaders has been regarded as an effective tool behind positive organizational outcomes. Therfore, within the organizational context, the main purpose of this conceptual paper is to review the current literature on interpersonal trust, its antecedents and consequences. The review of the existing research has summarized the main findings on associations between participation in decision making, feedback from and to employees, employee empowerment, and interpersonal trust (between supervisor and employees). Finally, this conceptual paper has suggested that trust-building practices between managers and workers can positively lead to high productivity and organizational commitment in all the organizations whether public or private.

The main purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of the dimensions of organizational trust such as interpersonal trust (coworkers trust and trust in supervisors/leaders), and institutional trust on the dimensions of organizational innovativeness such as product, process, behavioral, and strategic innovativeness in beverages companies serving in Pakistan and Turkey, and banking companies operating in Pakistan. A quantitative research design was employed. Data were collected through survey instrument from 202 participants relating mainly from marketing, R&D and finance & accounting departments of beverages and banking companies. The results indicate that institutional trust is vital for both product and process innovativeness. Moreover, coworkers trust was positively associated to strategic innovativeness. Therefore, the results have confirmed the view of the prior researchers that the root of trust lies in individual relationships is not in opposition to the experience of trust both inside interpersonal relationships and as an institutional phenomenon beyond interpersonal relationships.

This study examines the contractual relationships from a managerial point of view in a sample of 55 family firms in an industrial zone in Turkey. The results show that the contract type (i.e. behavior or outcome-based) is not affected with a professional manager’s tenure, position and his/her education level. It is also presented that the contract type does empirically not have a relationship with information asymmetry and risk taking/uncertainty in a family firm setting. Furthermore, its relationship to goal conflict and job complexity is weak and negative, which necessarily means any increase in goal conflict or job complexity requires an outcome-based contract to be written between an owner and a professional manager. Yet, only goal conflict is significant in explaining the contract type. From the managerial perspective, these findings imply that that the agency theory is not suitable for family firms.

Strategic alliances are an important phenomenon in management literature that has been increasingly recognized. Within the framework of alliance theories, this study focuses on examining strategic alliance types in the lodging industry. By also reviewing the existing research literature, leadership styles that contribute success or failure of management in strategic alliances are examined. A framework is developed forthe growing use of strategic alliances in the lodging industry and applied leadership styles in the alliances. This study indicates lodging alliances have different types of strategic alliances based on equity alliances and nonequity alliances. It also includes theoretical paradigms that explain that these relationships can include transaction cost economics, resource dependency, strategic choice, stakeholder theory, organizational learning and intuitional theory. The basic objective of this study is to put forward strategic alliances with a lodging industry perspective and particularly examine leadership styles that influence strategic alliances.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the governance mechanisms as drivers of relationship quality perceived in buyer-supplier exchanges in transportation and logistics industry. The study deals with the question of "what type of governance underlies the inter-firm relationship quality in terms of third party logistics (3PL) firms?". Thus, the research inquires buyer-supplier relationships from the service providers' perspective. Data are obtained from 216 transportation and logistics firms in Turkey through a crosssectional survey in 2015. Evidence shows that both formal and informal contracts have positive but separate direct effects on the relationship quality and denies a support for the complementarity view. In other words, one type of governance such as detailed agreements or trust is positively related to working relationships; however their combined presence does not necessarily produce a high quality relationship. The study is expected to contribute to the extant literature on relationship quality antecedents by investigating a prominent construct, i.e., relationship governance in a less explored logistics services context. Furthermore, research findings can shed light on customer relationship management issues in service industry, especially for third party logistics firms.

Companies aim growth and increase market share via mergers. However contrary to the expectations, the financial success rate is less then 50 percent. The main reason for this is management's focusing on financial figures rather than human fact ors. Employees' identification with the new merged company and job satisfaction are important factors effecting success of mergers. This study aims to find out the effects of trust on job satisfaction and to investigate the mediating role of new identification in this e ffect. In this research, with the sample of 143 employees of the new 'merged bank' after Fortis and TEB bank s merger, the bootstrap analysis was used to investigate this. The results indicate that trust effect the job satisfaction and the employees' new identification after the merger positively. The new identification after the merger has a mediating role between the relationship of job satisfaction and trust.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'deki ihracatçı işletmelerin uluslararası girişimciliği ile ihracat pazar performansları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Bu amaçla, araştırma "işletmelerin girişimcilik özellikleri ile ihracat pazarlarındaki başarıları ilişkili midir?" ve "uluslararasılaşma düzeyi ihracat pazar performansını farklılaştıran bir unsur mudur?" sorularına cevap aranmaktadır. Uluslararası girişimcilik kavramının kaynak temelli yaklaşım çerçevesinde ele alındığı araştırmanın, gözlemlenen işletmelerin Türkiye'deki herhangi bir coğrafi bölge veya sektöre bağımlı olmaması dolayısıyla, tasarım açısından özgün değer taşıdığı düşünülmektedir. Araştırma bulgularına göre yurtdışı pazarlara dönük girişimciliğe dair yönelim ve davranışların, ihracat performansına olumlu etkisi olduğu ve uluslararasılaşma düzeyi yüksek işletmeler ile diğerleri arasında ihracat pazar performansı açısından anlamlı farklılık bulunduğu ortaya çıkmaktadır.

In this study, strategic alliances are discussed from the perspective of hospitality industry and inter organizational relation factors that regulate the formation of strategic alliances have been revealed in hospitality industry. In addition, the relations between inter organizational relation factors, knowledge sharing and organizational innovativeness are raised within the scope of the literature and a model is proposed. In this context, with review of literature, relation factors between hospitality businesses that affects knowledge sharing are examined. These factors are specified as inter organizational trust, the intention of learning, shared vision, communication, (partner-specific) absorptive capacity and commitment. Knowledge sharing and innovativeness variables are especially important in terms of competitive advantage in the market for hospitality strategic alliances. Thus, the main problem of the study is to investigate the relationships between all of these variables.

Although Mayer et al.'s (1995) integrative model of organizational trust has clarified some confusion regarding the concept of interpersonal trust involving two specific parties by differentiating between factors that cause trust, trust itself, and outcomes of trust through 1) it defined trust as the willingness of a party to be vulnerable to the actions of another party,2) trust is in

Both competitive rivalry and internal communication play a crucial role for a business to position itself in a favourable manner in order to succeed particularly in a hostile environment. While numerous studies present the importance of competitive rivalry and of communication, even internal communication separately, little is known about the specific linkage of how competitive rivalry affects communication in the literature. Within the framework of internal communication, this study focuses on the notion that competitive rivalry is related to the path and style of communication as well as to the usage of internal communication tools but not to quality of communication. Thus, our research presents the linkage and the interaction between competitive rivalry and internal communication, of which the results indicate that, overall, competitive rivalry has a significant direct positive influence on internal communication dimensions in terms of path, style and quality of communication, as...

The study aims to investigate the influence of inter-organizational knowledge sharing enablers-communication, trust, shared vision, commitment, learning intent, and absorptive capacity directly and indirectly through interorganizational knowledge sharing process on behavioural innovation outcome in strategic alliances of 4- & 5-stars hotels of world heritage cities of Istanbul and Antalya. For data collection, the quota sampling method is applied to select the 250 senior hotel executives engaged in collaborative strategic hospitality alliances. Besides, to test the hypotheses, descriptive, correlation as well as regression analyses are performed through the SPSS. The current study finds that the six facets of relational and social capital inter-organizational knowledge sharingenablers offered and examined have significant impacts, directly and indirectly through inter-organizational knowledge sharing process on the innovative behavioural outcome of hospitality alliance firms. The re...

The aim of this study is to determine job satisfaction and organizational justice perceptions in nurses and health officers working in private hospitals in Istanbul. The study was conducted by applying organizational justice and job satisfaction scales to 881 nurses and health workers, who agreed to participate in the survey, working in 13 different hospitals with 100 beds and over. According to the findings of the study, there are moderately significant relationships between perceptions of organizational justice and job satisfaction. The changes in job satisfaction can be explained by organizational justice perceptions of 32%.