Bilgisayar

a) Nüfus cüzdanı fotokopisi, b) Yeni tarihli öğrenci belgesi, c) Bir adet fotoğraf, ç) Disiplin cezası bulunmadığına dair belge (öğrenim görülen Birimin öğrenci işleri tarafından belgelenir) d) Halk Bankası Banka hesap numarası e) Kısmi Zamanlı Öğrenci Çalıştırma Sözleşmesi (Form 4), f) SGK İlişik Taahhütnamesi (Form 5), g) SGK Aile Sağlık Yardımı Sorgulama Belgesi (SGK'dan alınacak)

The application of a luminescent down-shifting (LDS) layer has been proposed as a method for improving the poor spectral response of solar cells to short-wavelength light. The LDS layer absorbs photons, typically in the 300 -500 nm range, and re-emits them at a longer wavelength where the photovoltaic (PV) device exhibits a significantly better response. This paper reviews the progress in this area over the last three decades, starting from early experiments that yielded promising results but being limited by the luminescent materials available at the time, to modern materials that exhibit higher luminescent quantum efficiencies and better photostability. The candidate materials are considered and their potential is reviewed for a wide range of PV technologies. A particular opportunity is the ability to use the existing polymer encapsulation layer of certain PV technologies as a LDS layer as well.

This study focuses on technology and demand forecasts for photovoltaic technologies like c-Si technology and thin film technology. Energy efficiency of both technologies will improve while cost reduction of thin film technology is larger in a long run. On the other hand, customers' preference structure is modeled with attributes including price, capacity, efficiency and lifetime to find which technology customers would prefer in the future by using conjoint model. Along with the improvement on cost and efficiency, the demand of these renewable energy technologies can be forecasted. Competition and market shares of the technologies can be thus simulated. The results show demand forecasts of different competing photovoltaic technologies up to year 2030. In addition, changes of future potential market segment and corresponding customers' characteristics are described and discussed.

We propose a model of the primary auditory cortex (A1), in which each iso-frequency column is represented by a recurrent neural network with short-term synaptic depression. Such networks can emit Population Spikes, in which most of the neurons fire synchronously for a short time period. Different columns are interconnected in a way that reflects the tonotopic map in A1, and population spikes can propagate along the map from one column to the next, in a temporally precise manner that depends on the specific input presented to the network. The network, therefore, processes incoming sounds by precise sequences of population spikes that are embedded in a continuous asynchronous activity, with both of these response components carrying information about the inputs and interacting with each other. With these basic characteristics, the model can account for a wide range of experimental findings. We reproduce neuronal frequency tuning curves, whose width depends on the strength of the intracortical inhibitory and excitatory connections. Non-simultaneous twotone stimuli show forward masking depending on their temporal separation, as well as on the duration of the first stimulus. The model also exhibits non-linear suppressive interactions between sub-threshold tones and broad-band noise inputs, similar to the hypersensitive locking suppression recently demonstrated in auditory cortex. We derive several predictions from the model. In particular, we predict that spontaneous activity in primary auditory cortex gates the temporally locked responses of A1 neurons to auditory stimuli. Spontaneous activity could, therefore, be a mechanism for rapid and reversible modulation of cortical processing.

Borden’s (1979, 1980) hypothesis that speakers with vulnerable speech systems rely more heavily on feedback monitoring than do speakers with less vulnerable systems was investigated. The second language (L2) of a speaker is vulnerable, in comparison with the native language, so alteration to feedback should have a detrimental effect on it, according to this hypothesis. Here, we specifically examined whether altered auditory feedback has an effect on accent strength when speakers speak L2. There were three stages in the experiment. First, 6 German speakers who were fluent in English (their L2) were recorded under six conditions—normal listening, amplified voice level, voice shifted in frequency, delayed auditory feedback, and slowed and accelerated speech rate conditions. Second, judges were trained to rate accent strength. Training was assessed by whether it was successful in separating German speakers speaking English from native English speakers, also speaking English. In the final stage, the judges ranked recordings of each speaker from the first stage as to increasing strength of German accent. The results show that accents were more pronounced under frequency-shifted and delayed auditory feedback conditions than under normal or amplified feedback conditions. Control tests were done to ensure that listeners were judging accent, rather than fluency changes caused by altered auditory feedback. The findings are discussed in terms of Borden’s hypothesis and other accounts about why altered auditory feedback disrupts speech control.

To develop new shuttle vectors for Deinococcus species, the nucleotide sequence of the small cryptic plasmid pUE30 from Deinococcus radiopugnans ATCC19172 was determined. The 2467-bp plasmid possesses two open reading frames, one encoding 88 amino acid residues (Orf1) and the other encoding 501 amino acid residues (Orf2). The predicted amino acid sequence encoded by Orf1 exhibits similarity to the N-terminal regions of replication proteins encoded by repABC-type plasmids of a-proteobacteria. On the other hand, the predicted amino acid sequence encoded by Orf2 exhibits similarity to replication proteins encoded by plasmids of D. radiodurans SARK and Thermus species. Hybrid plasmids consisting of pUE30 and pKatCAT5, which replicates in E. coli with a chloramphenicol resistance determinant, were shown to autonomously replicate in D. grandis ATCC43672. Deletion analysis revealed that Orf2 was necessary for replication of the plasmids in D. grandis. On the other hand, a DNA fragment encompassing the Orf1-coding region was involved in the instability of the plasmid in D. grandis. An expression plasmid that possesses the D. radiodurans minimal groE promoter was constructed, and a firefly luciferase gene was successfully expressed in D. grandis. The D. grandis host-vector system developed in this study should prove useful in the bioremediation of radioactive waste and for the investigation of DNA repair mechanisms.

There are certain concerns regarding the safety for the environment and human health from the use of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) which leads to unintended exposures, as opposed to the use of ENPs for medical purposes. This review focuses on the unintended human exposure of ENPs. In particular, possible effects in the brain are discussed and an attempt to assess risks is performed. Animal experiments have shown that investigated ENPs (metallic nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes) can translocate to the brain from different entry points (skin, blood, respiratory pathways). After inhalation or instillation into parts of the respiratory tract a very small fraction of the inhaled or instilled ENPs reaches the blood and subsequently secondary organs, including the CNS, at a low translocation rate. Experimental in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that several types of ENPs can have various biological effects in the nervous system. Some of these effects could also imply that ENPs can cause hazards, both acutely and in the long term. The relevance of these data for risk assessment is far from clear. There are at present very few data on exposure of the general public to either acute high dose exposure or on chronic exposure to low levels of air-borne ENPs. It is furthermore unlikely that acute high dose exposures would occur. The risk from such exposures for damaging CNS effects is thus probably very low, irrespective of any biological hazard associated with ENPs. The situation is more complicated regarding chronic exposures, at low doses. The long term accumulation of ENPs can not be excluded. However, we do not have exposure data for the general public regarding ENPs. Although translocation to the brain via respiratory organs and the circulation appears to be very low, there remains a possibility that chronic exposures, and/or biopersistent ENPs, can influence processes within the brain that are triggering or aggravating pathological processes. In general, the present state of knowledge is unsatisfactory for a proper risk assessment in this area. Crucial deficits include lack of exposure data, the absence of a proper dose concept, and that studies often fail in adequate description of the investigated ENPs.

The liver damage and obstructions of the biliary tract were evaluated ultrasonographically in experimentally bile duct ligated dogs. Seven healthy dogs of different breeds were used. The common bile duct was double ligated at the duodenal region after clinical and ultrasonographic examinations. After that, clinical examinations, biochemical analyses and examinations of the liver, gallbladder and biliary tract were done ultrasonographically over 6 weeks. All dogs were necropsied and macroscopic and histologic alterations were determined at the end of the study. It was determined that the levels of serum ALT, ALP, GGT and T. Bilirubin were (p < 0.001-0.05) statistically significantly increased after the operation in all dogs. As a result of ultrasonographic examinations, it was determined that the bile ducts and gallbladder were distended, the neck of the gallbladder was larger and more tortuous than normal, hypoechoic sludge was prominent in the gallbladder, and perivascular, mult...