Auzef

Araştırma psikiyatrik hizmet sunan bir kamu kurumu ile özel bir psikiyatri hastanesine başvuran hastaların içselleştirilmiş damgalanma düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması ve içselleştirilmiş damgalanma düzeyini etkileyen değişkenlerin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: 2009 yılı Mart ayı içinde gerçekleştirilen tanımlayıcı nitelikteki bu çalışmada etik kurul onayı alınmış olup, araştırma için damgalanmadan etkilenmiş olabileceği düşünülen bir kamu psikiyatri kurumu ve özel bir psikiyatri kurumu seçilmiştir. Bu kurumlarda polikliniklere başvuran hastalardan rastgele seçilen ve araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 100'er hasta çalışma kapsamına alınmıştır. Hastalara, sosyodemografik veriler için "bilgi formu" ile "Ruhsal Hastalıklarda İçselleştirilmiş Damgalanma Ölçeği (RHİDÖ)" uygulanmış ve veriler bilgisayar ortamında değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Kamu ve özel psikiyatri kurumuna başvuran hastaların yaşları, medeni durumları ve çalışma durumları benzer olup, eğitim düzeyi, ekonomik düzey, sosyal güvence, tanı ve hastalık süresi açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Her iki kuruma başvuran hastaların RHİDÖ puanları karşılaştırıldığında, sadece ölçeğin "sosyal geri çekilme" alt ölçeğinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık saptanmış olup (p<0.01), ölçeğin "yabancılaşma", "kalıp yargıların onaylanması", "algılanan ayrımcılık", "damgalanmaya direnç" alt ölçeklerinde ve RHİDÖ toplam puanında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmamaktadır. Hastaların RHİDÖ puanları eğitim düzeyi, gelir durumu ve psikiyatri kliniğinde yatma durumu açısından karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur (p<0.05). RHİDÖ toplam puanının hastalık süresi (r=0.73) ve yatış sayısı (r=0.53) ile korelasyonuna bakıldığında ise yüksek düzeyde ve aynı yönde korelasyon saptanmıştır. Sonuç: İki kurum arasında hasta popülasyonu farklılıklar göstermektedir ve kurumlar arasında hastaların içselleştirilmiş damgalanma düzeyi açısından ölçeğin sosyal geri çekilme alt boyutu dışında anlamlı farklılık saptanmamıştır. Hastalık süresi, psikiyatri kliniğinde yatma durumu, eğitim düzeyinin içselleştirilmiş damgalanma düzeyini etkileyen değişkenler olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Objective: This study aims to identify best practices in combating addiction by thoroughly examining the relationship between opioid addiction and feelings of guilt, shame, and treatment motivation. Method: The sample of the study consists of 288 patients diagnosed with opioid addiction according to DSM-5 criteria by psychiatrists at Balıklı Rum Hospital. The scales used in the study were the Sociodemographic Form, the Guilt-Shame Scale, and the Treatment Motivation Questionnaire. Results: There is a significant relationship between the level of guilt and internal motivation, confidence in treatment and treatment motivation and between shame and internal motivation and general treatment motivation. When the regression coefficients are analyzed, it is seen that only guilt scores are a significant predictor of treatment motivation scores. The shame variable does not have a significant effect. The participants' mean scores of guilt were found to be significantly higher than their mean scores of shame. Conclusion: The study revealed a significant link between guilt and various aspects of treatment motivation, while shame showed a less pronounced association. Participants reported higher mean scores for guilt compared to shame, emphasizing the potentially greater relevance of guilt in influencing treatment motivation. Focusing on psychodrama and psychoeducational group studies for the treatment of opioid addiction can make it easier for the individual to express difficult negative emotions and develop awareness within the group.

The aim of the present study was to test the effectiveness of aprotinin to reduce bleeding in liver resection of guinea pigs with acutely injured hepatocyte using intraperitoneal D (+)Galactosamine. Methods: Thirty-two g uinea pigs were divided equally into four groups. Group 1 was the control group. Group 2 received intraperitoneal D(+)galactosamine. Group 3 received intraperitoneal D (+)galactosamine prior to a standard liver resection. Group 4 received 10.000 KIU/kg aprotinin infusion via jugular catheter in 10 min prior to standard liver resection in pretreated animals with D (+)galactosamine. All of the measurements and surgical interventions were made 24 h after the administration of D (+)galactosamine. Bleeding amounts were recorded in groups 3 and 4 for 1 h by weighing the sponges placed into the abdomen. Liver function tests, histologic, haematologic and fibrinolytic parameters were measured. Results: Hepatocyte injury and hyperfibrinolysis were seen at the end of 24 h after application of D (+)galactosamine in groups 2, 3, and 4. Statistically significant amounts of bleeding from the resected livers were observed in group 3 and 4. In group 4, the bleeding was reduced ( P < 0.05) and fibrinolytic parameters were normalized ( P < 0.05) with aprotinin infusion. Conclusions: Significant bleeding diathesis and hyperfibrinolysis occurred in groups 2, 3, and 4, which had hepatocyte injury proved with histopathologic and haematologic tests. Prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) in groups 3 and 4 were fivefold higher than that in the control group ( P = 0.0001). The bleeding tendency according to high PT and aPTT levels were continued with application of aprotinin while reduction of bleeding was seen. Parenchymatous organ haemorrhage in acute liver failure or hyperfibrinolytic conditions could be reduced significantly with aprotinin without procoagulant effect.

The present study analyses the results of wide excision with primary closure (PC), wide excision with classical Limberg flap reconstruction (LF) and wide excision with modified Limberg flap reconstruction (MLF) in the surgical treatment of sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease. Methods: One hundred and sixty-two well-documented patients who were operated on for pilonidal disease and followed for more than 1 year were analysed retrospectively. Group 1 was composed of patients with excision plus PC ( n = 78) while group 2 included those with excision plus a LF reconstruction ( n = 40), and group 3 included those with excision plus a MLF reconstruction ( n = 44). Results: There were no significant differences among the three groups with respect to age, sex distribution, frequency of recurrent disease, or follow-up periods ( P > 0.05 for all comparisons). Significant disadvantages regarding postoperative infection rate, mobilization time, discharge from hospital, and time off work were noted for primary closure, compared with both LF and MLF reconstructions. Following a median follow-up period of 4.2 years, 14 recurrences (17.9%) developed in the PC group, three (7.5%) in the LF group, and none (0%) in the MLF group. The zero recurrence rate in the MLF group was significantly lower than that in the PC group ( P = 0.003). On the other hand, the recurrence rate in the LF was not found to differ significantly from that in the PC group ( P = 0.126). Comparing the LF and MLF groups, none of the surgical end points reached a statistically significant difference ( P > 0.05 for all comparisons). Conclusions: For the surgical treatment of sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease, excision plus a classical or modified Limberg flap reconstruction proved to be superior to excision plus primary closure in terms of infection, mobilization time, discharge from hospital and time off work. Additionally, MLF reconstruction resulted in a statistically lower recurrence rate when compared with PC.

Intraabdominal adhesion formation and prevention is one of the major conflicts of modern surgery. We aimed to determine the effects of powdered gloves versus powder-free gloves and hyaluronate/carboxymethylcellulose membrane (H/CMCm) in a rat caecal serosal abrasion model. METHODS: Sixty wistar albino rats were subjected to a standardized lesion by caecal abrasion model. In group 1, the procedure was performed with sterile powdered gloves. In group 2, the procedure was performed with powder-free sterile gloves. The H/CMCm was applied directly to the abraded caecum in group 3. Formation of adhesions were determined on one half of the animals from each group on the 7 th postoperative day, and on the other half on the 15 th postoperative day. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between the adhesion scores on day 7 and 15 in groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.005, p = 0.007). There was no significant difference in adhesion scores on day 7 and 15 in group 3 (p = 0.145). The mean adhesion score was significantly higher in group 1 (powdered glove group) than group 2 (powder-free glove group) and group 3 (powder-free glove plus H/CMCm) on postoperative day 7 (p = 0.001). However, no significant difference was found between groups regarding adhesion scores on postoperative day 15 (p = 0.607). The comparisons of group 2 versus group 3, both on postoperative day 7 (p = 0.051) was not statistically significant, whereas a significant difference was detected between group 1 versus group 2 and group 3 on postoperative day 7 (p = 0.013, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our experiment shows that the use of powder-free gloves may be as beneficial as Seprafilm in preventing postoperative adhesion formation. [Asian J Surg 2007;30(2):96-101]

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a multi-functional cytokine that has been suggested to be a major angiogenic factor in breast cancer. Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent biological molecule that partipicates in the multi-step process of carcinogenesis. Interleukin (IL)-18 has been shown to have potent anti-tumour effects. In this study, we investigated the effect of tamoxifen therapy on serum VEGF, NO and IL-18 activity in breast cancer patients. Serum levels of VEGF, nitrate + nitrite and IL-18 were measured in 34 postmenopausal breast cancer patients before and 3 months after the tamoxifen therapy. Both serum VEGF and IL-18 levels decreased after tamoxifen therapy ( P = 0·051, P < 0·05, respectively). Serum VEGF levels increased in patients with endometrial thickness, while patients without endometrial thickness had a significant reduction in serum VEGF levels after therapy ( P < 0·05). Serum nitrate + nitrite levels increased after the therapy, but this was not statistically significant ( P > 0·05). A decrease in serum VEGF levels with tamoxifen therapy may be a reflection of reduced angiogenic activity in patients without endometrial thickness. The negative effect of tamoxifen therapy on IL-18, which is known to have a potent antitumour activity, may be related to the decreased tumour growth by induction of NO and reduction of VEGF activity as a feedback mechanism.

Background: Postoperative fluid collection in the space left behind the dissected hernia sac in laparoscopic herniorraphy puts the surgeon in a dilemma as to whether it is a recurrence or a seroma, and it is not always easily judged only by physical examination (PE). Another important issue is what kind of seroma can be accepted as a complication of surgery. Methods: Thirty patients with unilateral inguinal hernia who had a hernia sac of >4 cm were operated on with transabdominal preperitoneal hernia repair (TAPP) technique and the collection at the hernia site was followed by PE and superficial ultrasonography (USG) postoperatively on the first day, first week, first month, and third month. Results: USG detected seroma in 20 patients, while 17 could be noticed by PE on the first postoperative day. At the end of the third month, seromas resolved by 90%, and could only be detected by USG in two patients. Pain or complication rates attributable to seroma in patients were not determined (p > 0.05) in the statistical analyses between the groups. Conclusions: Superficial USG is a beneficial tool in differentiating early recurrence or seroma in patients. It should not be intervened with as a complication until the patient has complaints attributable to seroma.

AIMS: To study the efficacy of aprotinin in controlling bleeding from parenchymatous organ trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two guinea pigs were utilized in 4 groups. While group 1 was control, group 2 was sham operated. Standard liver resection was performed in groups 3 and 4 and aprotinin at dose of 10.000 KIU/kg was infused via jugular catheter ten minutes before the liver resection in group 4. Bleeding amounts were recorded in these groups during 1 hour with weighing the sponges placed into abdomen. Histopathologic, hematologic and fibrinolytic parameters were measured. RESULTS: The amount of bleeding in the liver resection group was 5.9142±0.67 gr whereas it was significantly lower with 3.1875±0.89 gr in the aprotinin administered group (p&lt;0.05). In the aprotinin group the changes in the levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit were also statistically significant (p&lt;0.05). There was no significant difference between the levels of fibrinogen, but there was an increase in e...

Özet Firmalar bilgilendirme, hatırlatma ve ikna etme amaçlı değişik reklam uygulamaları ile tüketicilere ulaşmaya çalışmaktadırlar. Reklamın inandırıcılığını ve ikna edici olma özelliğini artırmak ve farklı etkilerinden faydalanmak üzere gerçekleştirilen advertorial ve geleneksel ilan uygulamaları farklı amaçlarla uygulama alanları bulmaktadırlar. Bu çalışma ile advertorial ve geleneksel reklam uygulamalarında oluşan boyutlar incelenmeye çalışılmış ve bu boyutların iki reklam uygulamasında nasıl farklılaştıkları tespit edilmiştir. Bu amaçla gerek pazarlama ve onun önemli bir tutundurma bileşeni olan reklamın aktif bir unsuruna ilişkin gerçekliği ortaya koymak gerekse reklamveren-reklam ajansı-medya arasında reklam türü ve mecrası seçiminde rehberlik oluşturabilecek bir kaynak olabileceği düşüncesi ile böyle bir çalışmanın faydalı olacağı düşünülmüştür. 814 cevaplayıcıdan sistematik tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemine göre elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda yapılan faktör analizi sonucunda iki reklam uygulaması arasında önemli farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Bu farklılıklar, advertorial uygulamasının ürüne yönelik tüm olası bilgi, fayda, kullanım olanakları gibi parametreleri detaylı olarak açıklaması ile ilgilidir. Geleneksel ilanda ise ürünün imajına yönelik daha çekici bir görsellik ve ürünle ilgili daha kısa ancak sade bilgiler yer almaktadır. Bu nedenle tüketicilerin ürünle ilgili kanaatleri kullanım sonrasında oluşacak olduğundan, bu değerler rasyonel fayda olarak algılanmaktadır. Advertorial uygulamasında " Sağlık " , " Kalite " ve " Ekonomi " rasyonel faydalar olarak görülmektedir. Geleneksel ilan uygulamasında ise rasyonel fayda kategorisinde " Ekonomi " değişkeni yer almamaktadır. Bu da ürünle ilgili fiyat algısına yönelik iki uygulama arasındaki farklılığı ortaya koymaktadır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Reklam, Advertorial, Geleneksel İlan, Faktör Analizi Examining traditional display advertisement and advertorial according to advertisement and advertised product perception based on factor analysis 1 [email protected] (A. Okumuş) 2 [email protected] (N. Çetintürk) 3 [email protected] (E. Çetin)

Firms are trying to reach consumers with different advertisement applications for purpose of to give information, remind and convince customers. Traditional advertisement and advertorial which aim to increase reliability and convince of people found themselves with different publishing channels. This research examines the dimensions of two different types of advertisement and the differences between them. Both for exploring active elements and essentials of marketing and an advertising; important part of it, and publisher -ad agency -media relationship and their association for choosing the right advertisement channel process. According to data gathered with systematic sampling method from 814 respondents and factor analysis applied, important differences acquired between two types of advertisement. These differences related with parameters of advertorial which explains all possible product information, benefit and usage opportunities. In traditional advertisement, there are more attractive elements, visually and less information about product.

Markalar her geçen gün farklı ve yeni iletişim kanalları bulma arayışındadır. Özellikle genç kuşaklar ile temas kurabilmenin en etkin yolları arasında oyun ve artırılmış gerçeklik uygulamaları yer alır. Son dönemde ortaya çıkan ve genç kitleleri ellerinde telefon ile sanal harita üzerinde gerçek mekanlarda varlık toplama üzerine yoğunlaştıran Pokemon Go oyunu özellikle gelecekteki iletişim stratejilerinin nasıl geliştirilmesi gerektiği ve markaların bundan nasıl yararlanacağına yönelik öneml ipuçları teşkil etmektedir.

The olfactory is an important tool for marketers to create a positive impact on consumers. Mostly it is used in the stores by the retailers with unique fragrances. Some of them are selling their scent as a product. In this study it’s aimed to observe if this makes a difference in consumers perception; smelling the scent in stores only or smell it always in the home. Results show that scent buyers are more positive against the product, and it drives them to spend more time and money with their shopping experience.

Kitap, temel dijital pazarlama kavramları ve remarketing (yeniden pazarlama) konusunda bilgi sahibi olmak ya da mevcut bilgilerini gözden geçirmek isteyen fakat yabancı dil bilgisi yeterli olmayan dijital pazarlama uzmanlarına ve bu konuda uzmanlaşmak isteyenlere yardımcı olacak şekilde hazırlanmıştır.

Kitap aynı zamanda dijital pazarlamada sıklıkla tercih edilen remarketing hedeflemesi (yeniden pazarlama) ile yapılan reklam kampanyalarının etkinliğini ölçmeyi içermektedir. Sürekli olarak daha önce inceledikleri ürünün reklamı¬na maruz kalan tüketicilerin marka ve ürün algılarında var olan değişimler ve buna bağlı olarak verimli bir remarketing kampanyası yapabilmek için dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlar ele alınmaktadır.

Kitap özellikle dijital pazarlama ve e-ticaret alanında uzmanlaşmak isteyen, dijital reklamcılığa yeni başlayan ve çeşitli hedefleme yöntemleri ile satış artırmak isteyen çalışanların verimli kampanya yapabilmek ve bunu ölçebilmek adına yol göstericisi olacaktır.