Media ecology tries to elucidate how much we know or do not know about the media, track down whet... more Media ecology tries to elucidate how much we know or do not know about the media, track down whether we are influenced by the information bombardment or not and whether we allow the media messages to direct us. Media ecology is an interdisciplinary medium, which strives to establish that media is not only a machine but also a medium changing our thoughts, emotions, perceptions, judgments and values with its messages. This article's aim is by using literature review to explain the concept of media ecology which has been recently included in the communication studies. In this article, with in the framework of media ecology, the technological ideological and cultural transformation of media and the effect of this transformation to the media's structure has been written and how the media with this disturbed ecological structure effects the individuals has been discussed.
The theorists of democracy have observed a fundamental contradiction between the idea that public... more The theorists of democracy have observed a fundamental contradiction between the idea that public media should function as a public sphere and the fact of private ownership. Thus, the media proprietors can restrain the information flow by using their ownership rights. Nevertheless, as Wiener indicated, the organization level of a society depends on the amount of information in a system; entropy; on the other hand, is the measure of its deterioration. Therefore, information flow should be maintained. An increase in entropy denotes a regression in development. Regression or prevention of information in this sense produces negative affects on informing the public from ethical point of view. Hence, the state constructs its own agenda by using the media. It is observed that the definitions and functions of journalism, newscasting, radio and television broadcasting are changing. In fact, although the media is supposed to monitor and control legislation, administration and jurisdiction in the name of the citizens in a society as the fourth power, today it has been the "power" of the media proprietors. Being either national or international, while considering the media monopolies, now it has been quite normal to mention media moguls too. One of the primary factors increasing the monopoly in the world media industry is the necessity for an enormous capital to invest in this relatively ludicrous sector. Such a necessity to access to the market, high costs in production and delivery, competition among the media companies, limitation in advertisement revenues, vertical and horizontal corporate amalgamations, wrong policies of governments and inflation are the factors that increase monopolization. Since the media products have a temporary nature, the time pressure exercised in production and distribution stages is the primary reason obliging media companies for vertical amalgamations. Paper production and the ownership of press companies or advertisement agencies are the examples for vertical amalgamations. Partnership in media-related related activities, that is, the merger of the companies in the activity field is an example for horizontal amalgamation. With the liberal economy policy exercised after the 1980s in Turkey, the free enterprise was granted a great opportunity and the media companies got involved a vicious competition like the other companies. One of the negative effects that the conditions of free market have produced on the media is monopolization. In the 1980s, media ownership passed out of the hands of families in the press sector and the Turkish economy began to be controlled by the powerful states. The fundamental reason for that is to be able to use the press as a weapon for their interests and to exercise lateral diversifications by using the power of the press. Therefore, the press companies that are not ludicrous by themselves, has become the press releases of the holdings by being amalgamated with them. In the 1990s; on the other hand, it was observed that the media owners turned their companies into industrial complexes. Along with different media enterprises, including newspapers, magazines as well as book, radio and TV companies and banks, such media companies somehow transformed into the holdings comprising several enterprises functioning in miscellaneous industries and services. Parallel to the introduction of incredibly new technology to the media sector, the scales have considerably got bigger. Through vertical and horizontal amalgamations, product variety has been introduced. In addition, marketing and delivery organizations have been reshaped. The struggle to get the biggest share in the advertisement profit has become violent.
Media sociology is an effort to reveal the micro and macro effects that changes and transformatio... more Media sociology is an effort to reveal the micro and macro effects that changes and transformations in the structure of the media cause on the social structure. Media sociology, which focuses on the products and consumers of printed or digital media and tries to identify and solve the problems that arise in the relationship between the media and society with a sociological approach, utilizes both cultural studies and critical theory as well as system theory. Media sociology studies, which have become an important sub-branch of sociology today, have saved the media from being a dependent variable and enabled it to be recognized as an independent institution on its own. Since it was accepted that “life is digital” in the 21st century, the center of media sociology studies shifted to digital technologies and the digital society created by using these technologies.
This study aims to reveal the definition of media sociology, its scope, studies that can be conducted in this field, and the concepts and theories that can be employed in these studies. Our study, which aims to fill the deficiency of comprehensive research in the field of media sociology, is based on the literature review as its method. We assume that our study, which explores the approaches and discussions that can be a guide in media sociology studies by compiling them from a certain perspective, will make an important contribution to the literature.
The local governments are the administrative, political and the social institutions providing pub... more The local governments are the administrative, political and the social institutions providing public service to the local community and managed by the organs selected by the local people in order to meet the needs of the local people effectively. The reasons of their existence are providing service based on the participative, democratic, the wishes and the requests of the people and their recommendations by providing the confidence and the support of the people. The "governance" understanding of the information society, which has principles such as participation, transparency, citizenship and accountability, shows itself in the restructuring of local governments as it is in almost every other area. Local governments are the closest public administration units to the public. Local governments' restructuring can also be observed in e-municipality applications where they reflect service offerings to electronic media. The local governments that are the institutes providing...
Female politicians establish relations with other women by using social media and monitor them. W... more Female politicians establish relations with other women by using social media and monitor them. Within the frame of this relationship, they reflect their roles, social positions, creativity, discourses and stories to them. As another point is whether the discourses of female politicians sustain the existing sexist structure or administer a transformation in a positive sense. The problems concerning women can be listed as Physical and psychological violence, lack of education, marriage at a young age, adverse health conditions, inadequate employment and such. Women need to develop consciousness about these issues and have a cognitive competence in terms of what rights they have and how to reach them. Thus, women will be able to act on their own political decisions in these matters. The purpose of this study is to show how women parliamentarians, as a political resource, one of the four elements that are effective in political participation of the individuals, encourage women to infor...
her study “Television news and Production System ” from doctorate programme of the major discipli... more her study “Television news and Production System ” from doctorate programme of the major discipline of
Media ecology tries to elucidate how much we know or do not know about the media, track down whet... more Media ecology tries to elucidate how much we know or do not know about the media, track down whether we are influenced by the information bombardment or not and whether we allow the media messages to direct us. Media ecology is an interdisciplinary medium, which strives to establish that media is not only a machine but also a medium changing our thoughts, emotions, perceptions, judgments and values with its messages. This article's aim is by using literature review to explain the concept of media ecology which has been recently included in the communication studies. In this article, with in the framework of media ecology, the technological ideological and cultural transformation of media and the effect of this transformation to the media's structure has been written and how the media with this disturbed ecological structure effects the individuals has been discussed.
The theorists of democracy have observed a fundamental contradiction between the idea that public... more The theorists of democracy have observed a fundamental contradiction between the idea that public media should function as a public sphere and the fact of private ownership. Thus, the media proprietors can restrain the information flow by using their ownership rights. Nevertheless, as Wiener indicated, the organization level of a society depends on the amount of information in a system; entropy; on the other hand, is the measure of its deterioration. Therefore, information flow should be maintained. An increase in entropy denotes a regression in development. Regression or prevention of information in this sense produces negative affects on informing the public from ethical point of view. Hence, the state constructs its own agenda by using the media. It is observed that the definitions and functions of journalism, newscasting, radio and television broadcasting are changing. In fact, although the media is supposed to monitor and control legislation, administration and jurisdiction in the name of the citizens in a society as the fourth power, today it has been the "power" of the media proprietors. Being either national or international, while considering the media monopolies, now it has been quite normal to mention media moguls too. One of the primary factors increasing the monopoly in the world media industry is the necessity for an enormous capital to invest in this relatively ludicrous sector. Such a necessity to access to the market, high costs in production and delivery, competition among the media companies, limitation in advertisement revenues, vertical and horizontal corporate amalgamations, wrong policies of governments and inflation are the factors that increase monopolization. Since the media products have a temporary nature, the time pressure exercised in production and distribution stages is the primary reason obliging media companies for vertical amalgamations. Paper production and the ownership of press companies or advertisement agencies are the examples for vertical amalgamations. Partnership in media-related related activities, that is, the merger of the companies in the activity field is an example for horizontal amalgamation. With the liberal economy policy exercised after the 1980s in Turkey, the free enterprise was granted a great opportunity and the media companies got involved a vicious competition like the other companies. One of the negative effects that the conditions of free market have produced on the media is monopolization. In the 1980s, media ownership passed out of the hands of families in the press sector and the Turkish economy began to be controlled by the powerful states. The fundamental reason for that is to be able to use the press as a weapon for their interests and to exercise lateral diversifications by using the power of the press. Therefore, the press companies that are not ludicrous by themselves, has become the press releases of the holdings by being amalgamated with them. In the 1990s; on the other hand, it was observed that the media owners turned their companies into industrial complexes. Along with different media enterprises, including newspapers, magazines as well as book, radio and TV companies and banks, such media companies somehow transformed into the holdings comprising several enterprises functioning in miscellaneous industries and services. Parallel to the introduction of incredibly new technology to the media sector, the scales have considerably got bigger. Through vertical and horizontal amalgamations, product variety has been introduced. In addition, marketing and delivery organizations have been reshaped. The struggle to get the biggest share in the advertisement profit has become violent.
Media sociology is an effort to reveal the micro and macro effects that changes and transformatio... more Media sociology is an effort to reveal the micro and macro effects that changes and transformations in the structure of the media cause on the social structure. Media sociology, which focuses on the products and consumers of printed or digital media and tries to identify and solve the problems that arise in the relationship between the media and society with a sociological approach, utilizes both cultural studies and critical theory as well as system theory. Media sociology studies, which have become an important sub-branch of sociology today, have saved the media from being a dependent variable and enabled it to be recognized as an independent institution on its own. Since it was accepted that “life is digital” in the 21st century, the center of media sociology studies shifted to digital technologies and the digital society created by using these technologies.
This study aims to reveal the definition of media sociology, its scope, studies that can be conducted in this field, and the concepts and theories that can be employed in these studies. Our study, which aims to fill the deficiency of comprehensive research in the field of media sociology, is based on the literature review as its method. We assume that our study, which explores the approaches and discussions that can be a guide in media sociology studies by compiling them from a certain perspective, will make an important contribution to the literature.
The local governments are the administrative, political and the social institutions providing pub... more The local governments are the administrative, political and the social institutions providing public service to the local community and managed by the organs selected by the local people in order to meet the needs of the local people effectively. The reasons of their existence are providing service based on the participative, democratic, the wishes and the requests of the people and their recommendations by providing the confidence and the support of the people. The "governance" understanding of the information society, which has principles such as participation, transparency, citizenship and accountability, shows itself in the restructuring of local governments as it is in almost every other area. Local governments are the closest public administration units to the public. Local governments' restructuring can also be observed in e-municipality applications where they reflect service offerings to electronic media. The local governments that are the institutes providing...
Female politicians establish relations with other women by using social media and monitor them. W... more Female politicians establish relations with other women by using social media and monitor them. Within the frame of this relationship, they reflect their roles, social positions, creativity, discourses and stories to them. As another point is whether the discourses of female politicians sustain the existing sexist structure or administer a transformation in a positive sense. The problems concerning women can be listed as Physical and psychological violence, lack of education, marriage at a young age, adverse health conditions, inadequate employment and such. Women need to develop consciousness about these issues and have a cognitive competence in terms of what rights they have and how to reach them. Thus, women will be able to act on their own political decisions in these matters. The purpose of this study is to show how women parliamentarians, as a political resource, one of the four elements that are effective in political participation of the individuals, encourage women to infor...
her study “Television news and Production System ” from doctorate programme of the major discipli... more her study “Television news and Production System ” from doctorate programme of the major discipline of
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Papers by ŞEBNEM ÇAĞLAR
This study aims to reveal the definition of media sociology, its scope, studies that can be conducted in this field, and the concepts and theories that can be employed in these studies. Our study, which aims to fill the deficiency of comprehensive research in the field of media sociology, is based on the literature review as its method. We assume that our study, which explores the approaches and discussions that can be a guide in media sociology studies by compiling them from a certain perspective, will make an important contribution to the literature.
This study aims to reveal the definition of media sociology, its scope, studies that can be conducted in this field, and the concepts and theories that can be employed in these studies. Our study, which aims to fill the deficiency of comprehensive research in the field of media sociology, is based on the literature review as its method. We assume that our study, which explores the approaches and discussions that can be a guide in media sociology studies by compiling them from a certain perspective, will make an important contribution to the literature.