Papers by Edgar Manuel Cambaza
Convite à Leitura, 2025
Moçambique tem enfrentado desafios económicos e políticos que influenciam o consumo, o investimen... more Moçambique tem enfrentado desafios económicos e políticos que influenciam o consumo, o investimento e a confiança dos agentes económicos . A crise financeira de 2007 e os efeitos das dívidas ocultas contribuíram para incertezas que afectam o sentimento de mercado. A inflação, as elevadas taxas de juro e a desvalorização cambial são factores que condicionam as decisões de investimento e consumo. Este estudo visa analisar como essas variáveis macroeconómicas impactam o sentimento de mercado, fornecendo indicadores úteis para a formulação de estratégias económicas e empresariais.
Zoonotic Diseases, 2025
The Mpox virus (MPXV), a zoonotic pathogen from the Orthopoxvirus genus, has emerged as a signifi... more The Mpox virus (MPXV), a zoonotic pathogen from the Orthopoxvirus genus, has emerged as a significant global public health concern, especially after the unprecedented outbreak in 2022. This review synthesizes the MPXV’s molecular features, focusing on its genomic structure, replication mechanisms, immune evasion strategies, and implications for diagnostics and therapeutics. The study examines the virus’s genomic organization utilizing recent peer-reviewed literature, highlighting essential genes like OPG027 and D1L, which contribute to host adaptation, increased transmissibility, and immune evasion. Advances in molecular diagnostics, including real-time PCR and genome sequencing, are reviewed, emphasizing their critical role in outbreak monitoring and control. However, challenges persist, such as diagnostic limitations in resource-constrained settings and the lack of targeted vaccines and antivirals. This review discusses new antiviral candidates, confirmed through computational and in vitro techniques, identifying thymidine kinase and VP39 as key therapeutic targets. Emphasizing the need for genomic surveillance to track adaptive evolution, results show that particular mutations, such as in the OPG027 and D1L genes, increase the transmissibility and immune evasion of the MPXV. These molecular revelations highlight the urgent necessity for better diagnostics catered towards addressing present constraints and developing focused treatments that reduce the effect of the virus. This study emphasizes how these results underscore the need for combined public health plans to handle the changing MPXV epidemiology properly.
Temas de Pesquisa em Bioética, 2025
A inteligência artificial (IA) tem sido cada vez mais aplicada na triagem de candidatos para tran... more A inteligência artificial (IA) tem sido cada vez mais aplicada na triagem de candidatos para transplantes de órgãos, destacando-se pela análise eficiente de grandes volumes de dados e pelo potencial de reduzir tempos de espera e melhorar taxas de sobrevivência. No entanto, seu uso levanta questões éticas, como transparência e justiça, especialmente quanto ao risco de replicação de preconceitos históricos. Este estudo visou explorar esses desafios éticos, empregando uma metodologia qualitativa com Atlas.ti para revisar literatura relevante e identificar princípios bioéticos fundamentais, como autonomia, beneficência, não-maleficência, justiça e respeito por grupos vulneráveis. Constatou-se que alternativas como auditorias frequentes, transparência ("caixa branca") e regulamentação específica mitigam os principais dilemas éticos. Conclui-se que uma abordagem híbrida, unindo auditorias, transparência e regulamentação, promove a equidade e a confiança pública, assegurando que a IA sirva aos pacientes de forma ética e responsável.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Oct 15, 2021
Foods, Oct 5, 2018
Several studies have explored in depth the biochemistry and genetics of the pigments present in F... more Several studies have explored in depth the biochemistry and genetics of the pigments present in Fusarium graminearum, but there is a need to discuss their relationship with the mold's observable surface color pattern variation throughout its lifecycle. Furthermore, they require basic cataloguing, including a description of their major features known so far. Colors are a viable alternative to size measurement in growth studies. When grown on yeast extract agar (YEA) at 25 • C, F. graminearum initially exhibits a whitish mycelium, developing into a yellow-orange mold by the sixth day and then turning into wine-red. The colors are likely due to accumulation of the golden yellow polyketide aurofusarin and the red rubrofusarin, but the carotenoid neurosporaxanthin also possibly plays a major role in the yellow or orange coloration. Torulene might contribute to red tones, but it perhaps ends up being converted into neurosporaxanthin. Culmorin is also present, but it does not contribute to the color, though it was initially isolated in pigment studies. Additionally, there is the 5-deoxybostrycoidin-based melanin, but it mostly occurs in the teleomorph's perithecium. There is still a need to chemically quantify the pigments throughout the lifecycle, and analyze their relationships and how much each impacts F. graminearum's surface color.
REVES - Revista Relações Sociais, 2024
This article examines the ethical and systemic failures surrounding the massive financial fraud o... more This article examines the ethical and systemic failures surrounding the massive financial fraud orchestrated by Vietnamese real estate tycoon Truong My Lan. This study aims to analyze the intricate web of relationships, rights, duties, and potential responses to prevent such unethical practices in the future. Using a case study approach, the research critically evaluates the most appropriate responses and considers future preventive measures. The study draws on various scholarly sources and legal frameworks, including the Vietnamese Enterprise Law, the Labor Code, and international conventions such as the United Nations Convention Against Corruption. Findings suggest that strengthening regulatory oversight, enhancing corporate governance, and fostering a culture of transparency and accountability are crucial steps in addressing and preventing financial fraud. The research also highlights the importance of technological integration, public education, and international collaboration in building a resilient financial system. This study contributes to the broader discourse on business ethics and corporate governance by comprehensively analyzing one of Vietnam's most prominent fraud cases and proposing actionable measures to mitigate similar risks in the future.
REVES - Revista Relações Sociais, Jan 23, 2024
The Parmalat scandal, often compared to Europe's Enron case, highlights one of the biggest financ... more The Parmalat scandal, often compared to Europe's Enron case, highlights one of the biggest financial frauds in global business history. Revealed in 2003, the case exposed an astonishing €14 billion deficit in the company's accounts, resulting from fraud, mismanagement, and oversight failures. This case study delves into the complexities of the Parmalat scandal, exploring its causes, impacts, and lessons for global businesses. It examines inadequate corporate governance, strategic missteps, auditing failures, and ethical violations, highlighting the importance of maintaining an ethical and transparent corporate culture. The role of auditing is emphasized, pointing out deficiencies in both internal and external audits, and the need for stricter controls and a whistleblowing culture. Parmalat's strategic decisions are scrutinized to understand how they contributed to the company's decline. The problematic relationship between majority and minority shareholders is discussed, revealing internal conflicts. The response to the scandal included a push for better corporate governance standards, regulatory reforms, and the adoption of more robust governance models. The importance of an ethical corporate culture, financial transparency, and the empowerment of whistleblowers are underscored as essential for preventing future frauds. The Parmalat case serves as a warning of the need for transparent and ethical practices in business, reinforcing that profitability should not override ethical considerations. This study provides a blueprint for companies to avoid similar pitfalls, highlighting corporate governance, business ethics, and oversight as pillars for trust and economic stability.
Introduction: Sesamum alatum is a herb, sometimes considered a weed, common in African and Asian ... more Introduction: Sesamum alatum is a herb, sometimes considered a weed, common in African and Asian countries. It is used as a food and medicine but receives little attention in the scientific literature. Therefore, studying it for more effective and sustainable use is essential. Objective: To describe biological, geo-ecological, cultivation, and utilization features of S. alatum. Review methods: The study reviewed material from the online catalog JSTOR Global Plants, scientific articles, and other scholarly sources. It was conducted in Atlas.ti using the codes "description," "taxonomy," "ecology and distribution," "production," "food value," and "medicinal value." Then, the resulting quotes were compiled into coherent text. Results: S. alatum is an erect, herbaceous plant with lanceolate leaves, pentameric flowers with spotted reddish colors, elongated capsular fruit, and dark-winged seeds. The plant occurs in savannas, villages, or roadsides of tropical Africa, the Near East, and Tamil Nadu. Some rural communities grow the plant, and the hybrid S. alatum × S. indicum increases sesame's resistance to phyllodes. Leaves and seed oil have culinary and medicinal values. S. alatum inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas cepacia, and Staphylococcus epidermis, exhibits antidiabetic, antinephropic, antidiarrheal, and aphrodisiac properties, and helps treat infertility in women and cattle. Conclusions: A cost-benefit analysis for the use of S. alatum as a food and plant therapeutic resource suggests that it would be unwise not to harness it, considering its high level of spontaneous anthropogenic dissemination, its nutritional value, potential as an antimicrobial, antidiarrheal, and antidiabetic agent, and evidence of its benefits in sexual and reproductive health.
Editora Científica Digital eBooks, 2023
Academia letters, Jun 12, 2022
Nestlé has a well-established reputation for its high-quality food and profitability, operating i... more Nestlé has a well-established reputation for its high-quality food and profitability, operating in 83 countries, with 461 factories and 33 thousand employees. The company has among the most robust CSR programs globally as an integral part of the business policies (known as "Creating Shared Value," or CSV), being the leader in the food industry and adding value to the company over competitors. Nestlé establishes a constructive relationship with the community to implement the CSV program directly or through partners. The program aims to create value for shareholders by operating with policies addressing global and local nutrition, water, and rural development. Through CSV, Nestlé promotes empowerment, synergies, and sustainability. This brief discussion will critically address some aspects of the company's CSR and leave some comments on what the company should do next.
Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, Mar 24, 2020
Objective: Obesity is a worldwide rising risk factor for numerous incommunicable illnesses. The m... more Objective: Obesity is a worldwide rising risk factor for numerous incommunicable illnesses. The most common interventions have been ineffective from a public health perspective. Green tea (Camellia sinensis) seems to be an effective well-known alternative but there is a need to see the most updated and reliable information on the matter. The study aimed to verify how effective is green tea as reductor of human body mass index (BMI). Methods: This meta-analysis reviewed recent controlled randomized trials on the effect of catechin and caffeine in the BMI of adult male and female subjects. The analysis did not include studies including alternative therapies or drugs potentially affecting BMI. The studies presented the quantity of catechin and caffeine (mg). Body mass index and waist circumference were measured before and after the interventions. The trials lasted two to eight months, depending on the study designs. Results and Conclusion: Five studies met the criteria for the current analysis. In one study, the subjects took oral capsules of green tea extract (379mg). Overall, daily doses of catechin varied from 208-1200mg, and caffeine from undetectable levels to 480mg (the tea products were either enriched, capsules or canned with known levels). All showed reduction in body weight, the average BMI reduction was 0.68 kg/m2, and waist circumference was 1,5cm. There was a direct relationship between the concentration of catechin and reduction of BMI, but the BMI appeared to drop to a certain threshold of "optimal" weight, close to values considered as normal weight by the World Health Organization (WHO). There were few cases suggesting abdominal discomfort, but there they did not require additional treatment or hospitalization. Green tea consistently showed ability to reduce weight to a less risky level for health. Yet, it is now necessary to develop dose-response models for its active compounds and clarify the dynamics of the dosage over time. Furthermore, green tea is perhaps more effective in synergy with wellknown methods to maintain or reduce weight, such as balanced diets or physical exercise.
Several studies have explored in depth the biochemistry and genetics of the pigments present in F... more Several studies have explored in depth the biochemistry and genetics of the pigments present in Fusarium graminearum, but there is a need to discuss their relationship with the mold's observable surface color pattern variation throughout its lifecycle. Furthermore, they require basic cataloguing, including a description of their major features known so far. Colors are a viable alternative to size measurement in growth studies. When grown on yeast extract agar (YEA) at 25 • C, F. graminearum initially exhibits a whitish mycelium, developing into a yellow-orange mold by the sixth day and then turning into wine-red. The colors are likely due to accumulation of the golden yellow polyketide aurofusarin and the red rubrofusarin, but the carotenoid neurosporaxanthin also possibly plays a major role in the yellow or orange coloration. Torulene might contribute to red tones, but it perhaps ends up being converted into neurosporaxanthin. Culmorin is also present, but it does not contribute to the color, though it was initially isolated in pigment studies. Additionally, there is the 5-deoxybostrycoidin-based melanin, but it mostly occurs in the teleomorph's perithecium. There is still a need to chemically quantify the pigments throughout the lifecycle, and analyze their relationships and how much each impacts F. graminearum's surface color.
Encyclopedia, Jan 18, 2023
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Oct 15, 2021
African Journal of Agricultural Research, Dec 31, 2018
The Mozambican dairy industry landscape is not well known because the research about it presents ... more The Mozambican dairy industry landscape is not well known because the research about it presents numerous inconsistencies which are possibly due to miscommunication between scholars, entrepreneurs, the government and other actors, besides major events such as the civil war and policy changes and overall lack of coordination. This study aimed to catalog and relates the major studies and findings in Mozambican dairy research, contextualize them historically, analyze the implications and provide hints for future researchers. Dairy research seemed intimately related to the industry's development, and it has been dependent on the country's sociopolitical changes and opportunities. Social and economic studies are more abundant, perhaps because the dairy industry is emerging, thriving to stand out in a very competitive environment, but there are also studies in applied sciences, especially microbiology and chemistry. There are promising directions to follow such as the improvement of herding techniques (e.g., feeding, disease control), multidisciplinary synergies or exploration of traditional dairy products such as masse. Also, it would be important for institutions to share their research through electronic platforms, even the information published prior to the existence of the worldwide web.
Revista internacional em língua portuguesa, Jul 7, 2022
Desde a viragem do milénio, a doença do coronavírus de 2019 (COVID-19) foi precedida por duas out... more Desde a viragem do milénio, a doença do coronavírus de 2019 (COVID-19) foi precedida por duas outras doenças de coronavírus: a síndrome respiratória aguda severa (SARS) e a síndrome respiratória do Médio Oriente (MERS). Embora ambas fossem mais severas, a sua propagação geográfica e duração como epidemias foram muito mais limitadas em relação à COVID-19, mas várias lições aprendidas a partir da investigação destas doenças têm sido relevantes para o controlo do SARS-CoV-2. O presente artigo visa apresentar comparações entre a COVID-19 e as outras duas doenças causadas por coronavírus. A pesquisa consistiu na revisão de documentos académicos, científicos e normativos disponíveis na internet usando o Atlas.ti com os códigos "comparações entre coronavírus", "SARS" e "MERS". As três doenças apresentam similaridades na medida que são causadas por beta-coronavírus provavelmente oriundos de morcegos que infectaram alimentos de origem animal vendidos em mercados. Além disso, todas causam quadros de tosse seca, febre e apneia que, em casos severos, podem evoluir para pneumonia potencialmente letal. Filogeneticamente, SARS-CoV e SARS-CoV-2 são as mais próximas. A COVID-19 tende a ser mais ligeira e menos contagiosa, mas esta teve um impacto maior na saúde global, e em termos sociais, equiparável ao de doenças estabelecidas muito antes como o VIH/SIDA. Várias circunstâncias demonstraram que cidadãos regulares e decisores não devem subestimar a COVID-19 e por isso, é importante que se continue a cumprir com as medidas de prevenção.
Revista internacional em língua portuguesa, Jul 6, 2022
A doença do coronavírus de 2019 (COVID-19) desafiou o tecido social global a níveis sem precedent... more A doença do coronavírus de 2019 (COVID-19) desafiou o tecido social global a níveis sem precedentes. Países fecharam as fronteiras, suspenderam algumas liberdades dos cidadãos, interromperam atividades sociais e económicas e participaram num esforço internacional para impedir a propagação da pandemia. Este artigo é um convite à reflexão sobre o zeitgeist global quando eclodiu a doença, o pânico "reinava" e mal se percebia como ela se disseminava. As redes sociais ganharam mais espaço, surgindo uma disputa entre fontes de informação fidedignas e duvidosas pela atenção do cidadão, mas também mais colaboração internacional. Dois incidentes controversos receberam considerável atenção dos meios de comunicação: o surto de COVID-19 no cruzeiro Diamond Princess e o alerta precoce do surto na China pelo oftalmologista Li Wenliang. A pandemia estimulou a criatividade e iniciativa para a resolução de problemas e acima de tudo trouxe um conceito: o novo normal.
Fusarium graminearum causes head blight in wheat and corn, and produces chemicals harmful for hum... more Fusarium graminearum causes head blight in wheat and corn, and produces chemicals harmful for humans and other animals. It is important to understand how it grows in order to prevent outbreaks. There are 3 well-known growth models for microorganisms and they seem applicable to molds: linear, Gompertz and Baranyi. This study aimed to see which could better represent F. graminearum growth. Three replicates were grown in yeast extract agar (YEA) for 20 days. The Feret's radius was measured in ImageJ software, and then related to the models. Linear model was the most closely correlated to the actual growth (Pearson's correlation: 0.95). Thus, considering that it was the most representative of the reality and it is easier to use, it seems to be the best logical choice for F. graminearum growth studies.
Microbial Pathogenesis, Aug 1, 2019
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a zoonotic bacterium and is among the most important pathoge... more Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a zoonotic bacterium and is among the most important pathogens causing bacterial foodborne diseases. In recent years, disease caused by antibiotic-resistant S. aureus is a serious clinical problem that poses a great threat to public health. In this study, we examined the drug-resistance phenotypes and genotypes of 9 S. aureus strains. One strain was obtained from the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), and the remaining eight strains were isolated from food. Two common methods (the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods) were used to detect bacterial drug resistance. Then, we analysed the relationship between the bacterial drug resistance phenotypes and genotypes. We found that some S. aureus strains isolated from food were drug-resistant or even multi-drug resistant and that there was not a perfect match between resistance phenotypes and genotypes. The viabilities of the drug-sensitive (DS), drug-resistant (DR), and multi-drug resistant (MDR) S. aureus strains were also compared when they were exposed to conditions of acid (HCl, pH=1.5), heat (63 °C), and osmotic pressure (30% NaCl). The results showed that the DR and MDR bacterial strains had survival rates similar to or higher than those of the DS strains under environmental stress.
Bulletin of The World Health Organization, Mar 1, 2023
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Papers by Edgar Manuel Cambaza
METODOLOGIA: Dados hematológicos de 2008 foram coletados no Centro de Exames Médicos e analisados no SPSS.
RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: O nível de hemoglobina variou de 8,6 g/dL a 16 g/dL (média = 12,8 g/dL) e foi superior nos homens (13,7 ± 1,2 g/dL) em relação às mulheres (11,2 ± 1,4 g/dL). A prevalência da anemia foi 29,3%, superior nas mulheres (36,2 – 63,8%) em relação aos homens (29,3%). Na época do Censo 2007, o número total de indivíduos anémicos estava provavelmente entre 104.908 e 175.520 e atualmente entre 118.244 e 197.832.
CONCLUSÃO: A população anémica aumenta de acordo com a função y = 4499,7x + 171151, onde y é o número de indivíduos anémicos e x o número de anos. Precisa-se de mais estudos com amostras maiores e que façam distinção
das mulheres grávidas e não grávidas.
Metodologia: Os registos de índices de massa corporal (IMC) de 1050 indivíduos (de 2000 a 2012) e dados sobre hemoglobina e ematócrito de 1270 cidadãos (de 2008 a 2011) foram analisados. O seu estado nutricional foi determinado usando-se valores de referêncua da Organização Nacional da Saúde. O peso baixo e a anemia foram indicadores de subnutrição, enquanto pré-obesidade e obesidade foram indicadores de supernutrição. Estas variáveis foram correlacionadas com a prática de desporto, o pulso, a pressão sanguínea, o nível académico, a profeciência linguística, caligrafia e acuidade visual. Hemoglobina e anemia foram correlacionadas com níveis de leucócitos, neutrófilos, linfócitos, plaquetas e pH e densidade da urina. Também analisou-se as tendências de IMC, peso baixo, e obesidade e anemia ao longo do tempo.
Resultados: As taxas de peso baixo (21,5%), pré-obesidade (5,8%) e obesidade (1,6%). O IMC (p = 0,00) e a anemia (p = 0,00) diferem entre os sexos. O peso baixo foi mais prevalente em homens (23,5%) mas as mulheres tinham maior prevalência de pré-obesidade (11,1%), obesidade (6%) e anemia (30,4 - 54,8%). A residência e ocupação tiveram pouco impacto sobre o estado nutricional. O aumento do IMC foi associado à não prática de desporto, praticantes de desportos de confronto indirecto, individuais, atléticos e estéticos, os poliglotas, francófonos, pessoas com caligrafia legível e visão normal. A trombocitose foi associada com a anemia e observada em mais de 90% dos indivíduos. As restantes variáveis mostraram fraca associação com IMC e anemia. O IMC médio esteve consistentemente dentro da faixa normal e foi estável de 2001 a 2008, diminuindo consideravelmente até 20011 e depois crescendo exponencialmente. Os picos e vales de peso baixo e obesidade ao longo dos anos coincidem. Tal foi mais notável observndo-se a incidência do peso baixo e a prevalência de obesidade. A anemia foi mais prevalente em Juno e menos em Agosto. Houve um vale entre Juno e Dezembro. Os valores de incidência para anemia não variaram significativamente.
Conclusão: A Cidade de Maputo possui um perfil de dupla crise similar ao da Índia e das Filipinas: subnutrição mais prevalente do que supernutrição, frequentes deficiências de micronutrientes, aparentemente baixa prevalência de doenças infecciosas e emergência de doenças não-comunicáveis.
Recomendações: Pesquisadores devem analisar amostras mais amplas, expandir este estudo para outros lugares e estudar outros grupos etários; pessoal de saúde deve realizar vigilância extensiva e prestar assistência médica a quem tem anemia, especialmente mulheres, aconselhar ao público sobre o quanto alimentos podem prevenir doenças; o público deve procurar informação sobre as dietas mais saudáveis, praticar desportos e regularmente visitar os médicos para verificar as condiçÕes de saúde; a indústria alimentar deve praticar mais marketing social para aumentar os benefícios dos alimentos.
Com uma abordagem crítica, o livro questiona se a inovação deve depender de crises, ao mesmo tempo que celebra exemplos locais e globais de resiliência e adaptação. É uma reflexão sobre os desafios e as oportunidades de transformação no mundo pós-COVID-19, convidando o leitor a repensar o futuro com base nas lições do passado recente.