Susceptibilidad varietal a la ‘mancha ocre’ (Polystigma ochraceum (Whalenb.) Sacc.) en el cultivo... more Susceptibilidad varietal a la ‘mancha ocre’ (Polystigma ochraceum (Whalenb.) Sacc.) en el cultivo del almendro
Abstract - Some physiological and growth parameters were studied in cork oak plants inoculated wi... more Abstract - Some physiological and growth parameters were studied in cork oak plants inoculated with three pathogenic fungi (Botryosphaeria stevensii, Hypoxylon mediterraneum and Phytophthora cinnamomi) in order to understand the effects of the fungal infection. All inoculated fungi ...
El decaimiento que afecta al alcornoque en Cataluña se caracteriza por el aspecto poco vigoroso d... more El decaimiento que afecta al alcornoque en Cataluña se caracteriza por el aspecto poco vigoroso de los árboles, cuyos síntomas más frecuentes incluyen niveles altos de clorosis, defoliación y muerte de ramillos, un menor crecimiento longitudinal de las ramas, así como la producción de hojas pequeñas. Los síntomas más frecuentes en tronco corresponden a chancros producidos por hongos y heridas debidas al descorche. Esta patología afecta de forma homogénea a individuos de diferentes clases diamétricas, hecho que indica la relativa independencia respecto de la edad de la planta. Tampoco se ha encontrado una relación clara entre el grado de la enfermedad y el descorche, y entre aquél y la exposición de las parcelas estudiadas, aunque la frecuencia más alta de árboles enfermos se observó en vertientes con orientación SO.
... Ascospores ellipsoid, hyaline^ unicellular, 30.2x11.2 /tim (22.0-35.0x9.0-18.0 /am), wall 1.0... more ... Ascospores ellipsoid, hyaline^ unicellular, 30.2x11.2 /tim (22.0-35.0x9.0-18.0 /am), wall 1.0-1.5 /u,m wide, sometimes becoming one or two-septate and dark ... apud Mont.) causant des chancres et un deperissement sur le chene fiege {Quercus suber L.) a Catalogne (NE Espagne ...
Botryosphaeria viticola sp. nov., isolated from pruned canes of Vitis vinifera in NE Spain, is de... more Botryosphaeria viticola sp. nov., isolated from pruned canes of Vitis vinifera in NE Spain, is described and illustrated. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS and EF1-alpha sequences and morphological characters of both anamorph and teleomorph confirmed this taxon to be included within the group of Botryosphaeria species with Dothiorella anamorphs. It is related most closely to B. sarmentorum and B. iberica from which it differs in morphological characters of the teleomorph and DNA sequences.
ABSTRACT Background and AimsInformation on the natural infection rates of pruned canes caused by ... more ABSTRACT Background and AimsInformation on the natural infection rates of pruned canes caused by fungal trunk pathogens is scarce. This study aimed to determine the pathogenic mycoflora infecting the pruning wounds in two vineyards in Catalonia, Spain, each with a different level of trunk diseases, and in two pruning seasons. Methods and ResultsVines were pruned in each vineyard in mid-autumn leaving four to six buds. Three months later, pathogens were isolated and identified in 250 pruned canes chosen at random in each vineyard. Vines were then definitively pruned to two buds, and sampling for pathogen isolation and identification was repeated 3 months later. The main fungal pathogens identified in this study were Eutypa lata (0–0.4% of isolations), Neofusicoccum parvum (0–1.2%), Botryosphaeria dothidea (0–1.6%), Phomopsis spp. (0–1.6%), Cryptovalsa ampelina (0–3.2%), Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (0–12.0%) and Diplodia seriata (0.4–68.4%). A strong seasonal effect on pathogen infections was detected for most species, with a higher isolation percentage detected after the late pruning as compared with that of the early pruning. Conclusions Under the environmental conditions and the geographical location of this study, our results showed that the rate of natural infection of pruning wounds was lower following early pruning (autumn) than following late pruning (winter). Significance of the StudyEarly pruning could be used in combination with other control measures, such as chemical and biological wound protectants, to reduce the infections caused by the grapevine trunk pathogens during the pruning season in Catalonia, Spain. The infection risk, however, and potential effects of the early pruning on grape production should be considered in other environments before expanding this recommendation to other grapegrowing regions.
ABSTRACT A sensitive tool for a rapid detection of Botryosphaeriaceae species occurring on grapev... more ABSTRACT A sensitive tool for a rapid detection of Botryosphaeriaceae species occurring on grapevines was developed based on the co-operational PCR (Co-PCR) technique coupled with dot-blot hybridization using a probe labeled with digoxigenin at the 3’ end. The probe BotR2D was designed to target a common region in the ITS segment of the rDNA repeat of all Botryosphaeriaceae species. Forty-nine ITS sequences belonging to 10 Botryosphaeriaceous species (Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia mutila, D. seriata, Dothiorella viticola, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neofusicoccum australe, N. luteum, N. parvum, N. viticlavatum and N. vitifusiforme) plus 10 other grapevine-associated fungi were used to design the probe. The ITS sequences obtained in this study or retrieved from GenBank were representative of fungi isolated from different countries and hosts, thus increasing the genetic variability of the study and optimizing probe specificity. DNA extracted from a grapevine plant cv. Red Grenache was included in the validation test as a negative control. The detection technique was tested on eight Botryosphaeriaceae species occurring on grapevines in Spain (12 isolates), 10 non-Botryosphaeriaceous fungi (13 isolates), and the grapevine DNA. It recognized unambiguously all the Botryosphaeriaceae species, and showed a negative detection for the non-Botryosphaeriaceous fungi and the plant DNA. All tests were run twice in independent assays with no variation in the results. This technique showed a sensitivity level similar to nested-PCR methods, but Co-PCR only requires one amplification reaction and thus minimizes contamination risks. Additionally, it allows considerable numbers of samples to be processed within a reasonably short time period and at low cost.
Susceptibilidad varietal a la ‘mancha ocre’ (Polystigma ochraceum (Whalenb.) Sacc.) en el cultivo... more Susceptibilidad varietal a la ‘mancha ocre’ (Polystigma ochraceum (Whalenb.) Sacc.) en el cultivo del almendro
Abstract - Some physiological and growth parameters were studied in cork oak plants inoculated wi... more Abstract - Some physiological and growth parameters were studied in cork oak plants inoculated with three pathogenic fungi (Botryosphaeria stevensii, Hypoxylon mediterraneum and Phytophthora cinnamomi) in order to understand the effects of the fungal infection. All inoculated fungi ...
El decaimiento que afecta al alcornoque en Cataluña se caracteriza por el aspecto poco vigoroso d... more El decaimiento que afecta al alcornoque en Cataluña se caracteriza por el aspecto poco vigoroso de los árboles, cuyos síntomas más frecuentes incluyen niveles altos de clorosis, defoliación y muerte de ramillos, un menor crecimiento longitudinal de las ramas, así como la producción de hojas pequeñas. Los síntomas más frecuentes en tronco corresponden a chancros producidos por hongos y heridas debidas al descorche. Esta patología afecta de forma homogénea a individuos de diferentes clases diamétricas, hecho que indica la relativa independencia respecto de la edad de la planta. Tampoco se ha encontrado una relación clara entre el grado de la enfermedad y el descorche, y entre aquél y la exposición de las parcelas estudiadas, aunque la frecuencia más alta de árboles enfermos se observó en vertientes con orientación SO.
... Ascospores ellipsoid, hyaline^ unicellular, 30.2x11.2 /tim (22.0-35.0x9.0-18.0 /am), wall 1.0... more ... Ascospores ellipsoid, hyaline^ unicellular, 30.2x11.2 /tim (22.0-35.0x9.0-18.0 /am), wall 1.0-1.5 /u,m wide, sometimes becoming one or two-septate and dark ... apud Mont.) causant des chancres et un deperissement sur le chene fiege {Quercus suber L.) a Catalogne (NE Espagne ...
Botryosphaeria viticola sp. nov., isolated from pruned canes of Vitis vinifera in NE Spain, is de... more Botryosphaeria viticola sp. nov., isolated from pruned canes of Vitis vinifera in NE Spain, is described and illustrated. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS and EF1-alpha sequences and morphological characters of both anamorph and teleomorph confirmed this taxon to be included within the group of Botryosphaeria species with Dothiorella anamorphs. It is related most closely to B. sarmentorum and B. iberica from which it differs in morphological characters of the teleomorph and DNA sequences.
ABSTRACT Background and AimsInformation on the natural infection rates of pruned canes caused by ... more ABSTRACT Background and AimsInformation on the natural infection rates of pruned canes caused by fungal trunk pathogens is scarce. This study aimed to determine the pathogenic mycoflora infecting the pruning wounds in two vineyards in Catalonia, Spain, each with a different level of trunk diseases, and in two pruning seasons. Methods and ResultsVines were pruned in each vineyard in mid-autumn leaving four to six buds. Three months later, pathogens were isolated and identified in 250 pruned canes chosen at random in each vineyard. Vines were then definitively pruned to two buds, and sampling for pathogen isolation and identification was repeated 3 months later. The main fungal pathogens identified in this study were Eutypa lata (0–0.4% of isolations), Neofusicoccum parvum (0–1.2%), Botryosphaeria dothidea (0–1.6%), Phomopsis spp. (0–1.6%), Cryptovalsa ampelina (0–3.2%), Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (0–12.0%) and Diplodia seriata (0.4–68.4%). A strong seasonal effect on pathogen infections was detected for most species, with a higher isolation percentage detected after the late pruning as compared with that of the early pruning. Conclusions Under the environmental conditions and the geographical location of this study, our results showed that the rate of natural infection of pruning wounds was lower following early pruning (autumn) than following late pruning (winter). Significance of the StudyEarly pruning could be used in combination with other control measures, such as chemical and biological wound protectants, to reduce the infections caused by the grapevine trunk pathogens during the pruning season in Catalonia, Spain. The infection risk, however, and potential effects of the early pruning on grape production should be considered in other environments before expanding this recommendation to other grapegrowing regions.
ABSTRACT A sensitive tool for a rapid detection of Botryosphaeriaceae species occurring on grapev... more ABSTRACT A sensitive tool for a rapid detection of Botryosphaeriaceae species occurring on grapevines was developed based on the co-operational PCR (Co-PCR) technique coupled with dot-blot hybridization using a probe labeled with digoxigenin at the 3’ end. The probe BotR2D was designed to target a common region in the ITS segment of the rDNA repeat of all Botryosphaeriaceae species. Forty-nine ITS sequences belonging to 10 Botryosphaeriaceous species (Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia mutila, D. seriata, Dothiorella viticola, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neofusicoccum australe, N. luteum, N. parvum, N. viticlavatum and N. vitifusiforme) plus 10 other grapevine-associated fungi were used to design the probe. The ITS sequences obtained in this study or retrieved from GenBank were representative of fungi isolated from different countries and hosts, thus increasing the genetic variability of the study and optimizing probe specificity. DNA extracted from a grapevine plant cv. Red Grenache was included in the validation test as a negative control. The detection technique was tested on eight Botryosphaeriaceae species occurring on grapevines in Spain (12 isolates), 10 non-Botryosphaeriaceous fungi (13 isolates), and the grapevine DNA. It recognized unambiguously all the Botryosphaeriaceae species, and showed a negative detection for the non-Botryosphaeriaceous fungi and the plant DNA. All tests were run twice in independent assays with no variation in the results. This technique showed a sensitivity level similar to nested-PCR methods, but Co-PCR only requires one amplification reaction and thus minimizes contamination risks. Additionally, it allows considerable numbers of samples to be processed within a reasonably short time period and at low cost.
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