Plasma treatment is recognized as a suitable technology to improve germination efficiency of nume... more Plasma treatment is recognized as a suitable technology to improve germination efficiency of numerous seeds. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate whether cold air plasma can change the quality and quantity of wheat yield. Effects of cold plasma treatment on wheat (Pishgam variety) yield were studied by a randomized complete block design experiment at the Faculty of Agriculture of Tarbiat Modarres University, Iran, during 2015-17. Seeds were pre-treated with 80 W of cold plasma at four levels of time, 60, 120, 180 and 240 seconds. Plasma effects on yield and quality of wheat were determined by measuring plant photosynthesis, grain yield, biological yield, 1000-grain weight, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin, protein and starch content. Results showed that plasma treatments had positive effects on wheat characteristics, and treatment of 180 s had the highest stimulatory effect. In both years, cold plasma increased grain yield at 180 s, but decreased it at 240 s compared with control. The rate of plant photosynthesis, grain yield, 1000-grain weight, carotenoid and anthocyanin were enhanced at 180 s. The starch content and grain protein were enhanced at 120 s cold plasma application compared with control.
Page 1. ORIGINAL ARTICLE A contribution to the taxonomy of the genus Coniocessia (Xylariales) Bit... more Page 1. ORIGINAL ARTICLE A contribution to the taxonomy of the genus Coniocessia (Xylariales) Bita Asgari & Rasoul Zare Received: 18 March 2010 /Revised: 25 May 2010 /Accepted: 16 June 2010 /Published online: 4 July ...
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, Dec 10, 2019
Haze stress has various destructive physical, chemical and physiological effects on the plants. C... more Haze stress has various destructive physical, chemical and physiological effects on the plants. Cold plasma treatment is recognized as a suitable technology to improve germination efficiency of numerous seeds. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of cold plasma in order to reduce harmful effects of haze on winter wheat (Pishgam cultivar) in the greenhouse. Seeds of wheat were treated with cold air plasma at 50W during different time intervals of 60, 120, 180 and 240 seconds. In the greenhouse, simulation of haze stress with concentration of 1500 μg m -3 was performed at 13, 49, 61 and 69 Zadoks scales at agricultural research greenhouse of Tarbiat Modares University. Effects of plasma treatments on quality and quantity of wheat were determined by the rate of photosynthesis, leaf stomatal density, size of stomata, intercellular CO 2 concentration, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, Relative Water Content (RWC), stomatal conductance, spike yield, and grain yield. Results indicated a significant difference among plasma treatments and the control. Plasma treatment in 180 seconds ameliorated photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll content, and stomatal conductance by 34, 32, and 93%, respectively, compared with the control. In response to haze stress in plasma treatments at 180s plasma treatment, grain and spike yield were increased by 58 and 75%, respectively, compared with the control plants. The results showed that plasma treatments reduced damage of haze stress on winter wheat.
Morphological and molecular analyses demonstrate that Coniolariella gamsii and Coniolaria murandi... more Morphological and molecular analyses demonstrate that Coniolariella gamsii and Coniolaria murandii are distinct species. The latter species is validated here as Coniolariella macrothecia. A key to the five species of the genus is provided.
Morphological and molecular analyses demonstrate that Coniolariella gamsii and Coniolaria murandi... more Morphological and molecular analyses demonstrate that Coniolariella gamsii and Coniolaria murandii are distinct species. The latter species is validated here as Coniolariella macrothecia. A key to the five species of the genus is provided.
Species of Passalora s. lat. are eminent phytopathogenic fungi that cause generally leaf spot dis... more Species of Passalora s. lat. are eminent phytopathogenic fungi that cause generally leaf spot diseases on a broad variety of plants throughout the world. During our investigations exploring cercosporoid fungi associated with leaf spot symptoms of fruit and forest trees in northern and north-western Iran, several passalora-like infections were isolated from symptomatic leaves of different trees belonging to the Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Rosaceae and Ulmaceae. A polyphasic taxonomic approach by applying molecular data, morphological features and host data, was employed to identify the isolates. In a multigene phylogenetic analysis (LSU, ITS and RPB2), these isolates clustered in four clades in the Mycosphaerellaceae. The revealed taxa encompass Paracercosporidium microsorum on Tilia platyphyllos, Prathigadoides gleditsiae-caspicae gen. et. sp. nov. on Gleditsia caspica, Pruniphilomyces circumscissus on Prunus avium and Prunus cerasus, and Sirosporium celtidis on Celtis australis. The new genus Prathigadoides and its type species Prathigadoides gleditsiae-caspicae are molecularly distinct from all phylogenetically related genera, and some characteristics of the conidiophores and conidia differs from those of the morphologically similar species Prathigada condensata on the North America Gleditsia triacanthos.
A description is provided for Lecanicillium aphanocladii . Information is included on the disease... more A description is provided for Lecanicillium aphanocladii . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Mainly fungicolous: cobweb and spotting in cultivated Agaricus (NAIR et al. , 1980; CHEN et al. , 1984; BHARDWAJ et al. , 1991; GROGAN, 2000), parasitizing uredospores and inducing teliospore formation in rust fungi (BIALI et al. , 1972; FORRER, 1977; KOÇ & DÉFAGO, 1983; SRIVASTAVA et al. , 1985 b ; VOLKER & BOYLE, 1994) and parasitizing powdery mildew ( Sphaerotheca fuliginea , HEIJWEGEN, 1988), but also entomogenous (see below). HOSTS: FUNGI: Agaricus bisporus and A. bitorquis, Sphaerotheca fuliginea and S. pannosa (VERHAAR et al. , 1999), Puccinia spp. (VOLKER & BOYLE, 1994). INSECTA: Mosquito larvae (LÓPEZ-LASTRA et al. , 1992, 2002); Bombyx mori (PATIL et al. , 1994), Trialeurodes vaporariorum (ENCHEVA, 1979). Also reported from leaf litter of Abelmoschus esculentus and Acacia karroo . GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Cosmopolitan. TRANSMISSION: Soil- and air-borne.
A description is provided for Lecanicillium dimorphum . Information is included on the disease ca... more A description is provided for Lecanicillium dimorphum . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Occurs mainly on the cultivated mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (CHEN et al. , 1985). It is not a serious fungal pathogen. HOSTS: Agaricus bisporus and Puccinia coronata ; leaf litter of Acer saccharum ; also isolated from soil. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NORTH AMERICA: USA. ASIA: China, Iran, Israel. EUROPE: Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands. TRANSMISSION: Soil- and air-borne.
A description is provided for Lecanicillium longisporum . Information is included on the disease ... more A description is provided for Lecanicillium longisporum . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Insect-pathogenic. HOSTS: Icerya purchasi ( Coccidae ), citrus aphids, Myzus persicae and Macrosiphoniella sanborni ( Aphididae ) (HALL, 1984). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SOUTH AMERICA: Peru. ASIA: Sri Lanka. EUROPE: Great Britain. TRANSMISSION: Soil- and air-borne.
A description is provided for Pochonia chlamydosporia . Information is included on the disease ca... more A description is provided for Pochonia chlamydosporia . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Var. chlamydosporia is parasitic on cysts and eggs of the nematodes, and also ovicidal to Ascaris lumbricoides . Var. catenulata ( Cordyceps sp.) was also isolated from a coleopteran larva (ZARE et al. , 2001). HOSTS: INSECTA: Aphididae: Pentalonia (MATHEW et al. , 1998); var. catenulata also Coleoptera larvae (BIDOCHKA et al. , 1999). NEMATODA: cysts of Heterodera spp. (BURSNALL & TRIBE, 1974; WILLCOX & TRIBE, 1974; MORGAN-JONES et al. , 1981; GODOY et al. , 1982; GINTIS et al. , 1983; DACKMAN & NORDBRING-HERTZ, 1985; DACKMAN et al. , 1989; DACKMAN & BÅÅTH, 1989), galls of Meloidogyne spp. (LEIJ et al. , 1993; KERRY et al. , 1993, 1995; KERRY & EVANS, 1996), more rarely Globodera spp. (SAIFULLAH, 1996a, b ) and eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides (LYSEK & KRAJCI, 1987; LYSEK & STERBA, 1991). MOLLUSCA: snail and slug eggs (ZARE et al. , 2001). OOMYCOTA: oospores of Phytophthora (SNEH et al. , 1977; SUTHERLAND & PAPAVIZAS, 1991). FUNGI: antifungal activity of filtrates against Puccinia (LEINHOS & BUCHENAUER, 1992). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Both varieties are cosmopolitan; the teleomorph is only known from tropical countries. TRANSMISSION: Soil- and air-borne.
A description is provided for Lecanicillium muscarium . Information is included on the disease ca... more A description is provided for Lecanicillium muscarium . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts.
In recent years, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) plants in the no... more In recent years, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) plants in the north of Iran have exhibited symptoms resembling Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) disease. This study was initiated to elucidate the taxonomy and pathogenicity of cercosporoid taxa associated with leaf spot diseases of these two legume crops in Iran. A total of 138 samples with CLS symptoms were collected from cultivated common bean and cowpea species in northern Iran and subjected to microscopic examination, resulting in identification of 98 Cercospora and 59 Pseudocercospora samples. A six‐locus phylogenetic analysis (ITS, actA, tef1, gapdh, his3, and cmdA) coupled with examination of the morphology of 42 representative isolates from these samples confirmed that several cercosporoid fungi occur on common bean and cowpea in Iran. Five Cercospora species (C. iranica, C. cf. flagellaris, Cercospora sp. G, Cercospora sp. T, and C. vignigena) and two Pseudocercospora species (P. griseola f. griseola and P. cf. cruenta) were found; of these, C. cf. flagellaris was the dominant species, occurring on both common bean and cowpea. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that all seven species could infect leaves of common bean and/or cowpea. This is the first report of C. iranica, Cercospora sp. G, and Cercospora sp. T associated with common bean and/or cowpea in the world. In addition, C. vignigena was recorded for the first time in Iran. Results achieved in this study will assist strategies for the management of CLS disease of common bean and cowpea.
Plasma treatment is recognized as a suitable technology to improve germination efficiency of nume... more Plasma treatment is recognized as a suitable technology to improve germination efficiency of numerous seeds. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate whether cold air plasma can change the quality and quantity of wheat yield. Effects of cold plasma treatment on wheat (Pishgam variety) yield were studied by a randomized complete block design experiment at the Faculty of Agriculture of Tarbiat Modarres University, Iran, during 2015-17. Seeds were pre-treated with 80 W of cold plasma at four levels of time, 60, 120, 180 and 240 seconds. Plasma effects on yield and quality of wheat were determined by measuring plant photosynthesis, grain yield, biological yield, 1000-grain weight, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin, protein and starch content. Results showed that plasma treatments had positive effects on wheat characteristics, and treatment of 180 s had the highest stimulatory effect. In both years, cold plasma increased grain yield at 180 s, but decreased it at 240 s compared with control. The rate of plant photosynthesis, grain yield, 1000-grain weight, carotenoid and anthocyanin were enhanced at 180 s. The starch content and grain protein were enhanced at 120 s cold plasma application compared with control.
Page 1. ORIGINAL ARTICLE A contribution to the taxonomy of the genus Coniocessia (Xylariales) Bit... more Page 1. ORIGINAL ARTICLE A contribution to the taxonomy of the genus Coniocessia (Xylariales) Bita Asgari & Rasoul Zare Received: 18 March 2010 /Revised: 25 May 2010 /Accepted: 16 June 2010 /Published online: 4 July ...
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, Dec 10, 2019
Haze stress has various destructive physical, chemical and physiological effects on the plants. C... more Haze stress has various destructive physical, chemical and physiological effects on the plants. Cold plasma treatment is recognized as a suitable technology to improve germination efficiency of numerous seeds. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of cold plasma in order to reduce harmful effects of haze on winter wheat (Pishgam cultivar) in the greenhouse. Seeds of wheat were treated with cold air plasma at 50W during different time intervals of 60, 120, 180 and 240 seconds. In the greenhouse, simulation of haze stress with concentration of 1500 μg m -3 was performed at 13, 49, 61 and 69 Zadoks scales at agricultural research greenhouse of Tarbiat Modares University. Effects of plasma treatments on quality and quantity of wheat were determined by the rate of photosynthesis, leaf stomatal density, size of stomata, intercellular CO 2 concentration, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, Relative Water Content (RWC), stomatal conductance, spike yield, and grain yield. Results indicated a significant difference among plasma treatments and the control. Plasma treatment in 180 seconds ameliorated photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll content, and stomatal conductance by 34, 32, and 93%, respectively, compared with the control. In response to haze stress in plasma treatments at 180s plasma treatment, grain and spike yield were increased by 58 and 75%, respectively, compared with the control plants. The results showed that plasma treatments reduced damage of haze stress on winter wheat.
Morphological and molecular analyses demonstrate that Coniolariella gamsii and Coniolaria murandi... more Morphological and molecular analyses demonstrate that Coniolariella gamsii and Coniolaria murandii are distinct species. The latter species is validated here as Coniolariella macrothecia. A key to the five species of the genus is provided.
Morphological and molecular analyses demonstrate that Coniolariella gamsii and Coniolaria murandi... more Morphological and molecular analyses demonstrate that Coniolariella gamsii and Coniolaria murandii are distinct species. The latter species is validated here as Coniolariella macrothecia. A key to the five species of the genus is provided.
Species of Passalora s. lat. are eminent phytopathogenic fungi that cause generally leaf spot dis... more Species of Passalora s. lat. are eminent phytopathogenic fungi that cause generally leaf spot diseases on a broad variety of plants throughout the world. During our investigations exploring cercosporoid fungi associated with leaf spot symptoms of fruit and forest trees in northern and north-western Iran, several passalora-like infections were isolated from symptomatic leaves of different trees belonging to the Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Rosaceae and Ulmaceae. A polyphasic taxonomic approach by applying molecular data, morphological features and host data, was employed to identify the isolates. In a multigene phylogenetic analysis (LSU, ITS and RPB2), these isolates clustered in four clades in the Mycosphaerellaceae. The revealed taxa encompass Paracercosporidium microsorum on Tilia platyphyllos, Prathigadoides gleditsiae-caspicae gen. et. sp. nov. on Gleditsia caspica, Pruniphilomyces circumscissus on Prunus avium and Prunus cerasus, and Sirosporium celtidis on Celtis australis. The new genus Prathigadoides and its type species Prathigadoides gleditsiae-caspicae are molecularly distinct from all phylogenetically related genera, and some characteristics of the conidiophores and conidia differs from those of the morphologically similar species Prathigada condensata on the North America Gleditsia triacanthos.
A description is provided for Lecanicillium aphanocladii . Information is included on the disease... more A description is provided for Lecanicillium aphanocladii . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Mainly fungicolous: cobweb and spotting in cultivated Agaricus (NAIR et al. , 1980; CHEN et al. , 1984; BHARDWAJ et al. , 1991; GROGAN, 2000), parasitizing uredospores and inducing teliospore formation in rust fungi (BIALI et al. , 1972; FORRER, 1977; KOÇ & DÉFAGO, 1983; SRIVASTAVA et al. , 1985 b ; VOLKER & BOYLE, 1994) and parasitizing powdery mildew ( Sphaerotheca fuliginea , HEIJWEGEN, 1988), but also entomogenous (see below). HOSTS: FUNGI: Agaricus bisporus and A. bitorquis, Sphaerotheca fuliginea and S. pannosa (VERHAAR et al. , 1999), Puccinia spp. (VOLKER & BOYLE, 1994). INSECTA: Mosquito larvae (LÓPEZ-LASTRA et al. , 1992, 2002); Bombyx mori (PATIL et al. , 1994), Trialeurodes vaporariorum (ENCHEVA, 1979). Also reported from leaf litter of Abelmoschus esculentus and Acacia karroo . GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Cosmopolitan. TRANSMISSION: Soil- and air-borne.
A description is provided for Lecanicillium dimorphum . Information is included on the disease ca... more A description is provided for Lecanicillium dimorphum . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Occurs mainly on the cultivated mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (CHEN et al. , 1985). It is not a serious fungal pathogen. HOSTS: Agaricus bisporus and Puccinia coronata ; leaf litter of Acer saccharum ; also isolated from soil. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NORTH AMERICA: USA. ASIA: China, Iran, Israel. EUROPE: Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands. TRANSMISSION: Soil- and air-borne.
A description is provided for Lecanicillium longisporum . Information is included on the disease ... more A description is provided for Lecanicillium longisporum . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Insect-pathogenic. HOSTS: Icerya purchasi ( Coccidae ), citrus aphids, Myzus persicae and Macrosiphoniella sanborni ( Aphididae ) (HALL, 1984). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SOUTH AMERICA: Peru. ASIA: Sri Lanka. EUROPE: Great Britain. TRANSMISSION: Soil- and air-borne.
A description is provided for Pochonia chlamydosporia . Information is included on the disease ca... more A description is provided for Pochonia chlamydosporia . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Var. chlamydosporia is parasitic on cysts and eggs of the nematodes, and also ovicidal to Ascaris lumbricoides . Var. catenulata ( Cordyceps sp.) was also isolated from a coleopteran larva (ZARE et al. , 2001). HOSTS: INSECTA: Aphididae: Pentalonia (MATHEW et al. , 1998); var. catenulata also Coleoptera larvae (BIDOCHKA et al. , 1999). NEMATODA: cysts of Heterodera spp. (BURSNALL & TRIBE, 1974; WILLCOX & TRIBE, 1974; MORGAN-JONES et al. , 1981; GODOY et al. , 1982; GINTIS et al. , 1983; DACKMAN & NORDBRING-HERTZ, 1985; DACKMAN et al. , 1989; DACKMAN & BÅÅTH, 1989), galls of Meloidogyne spp. (LEIJ et al. , 1993; KERRY et al. , 1993, 1995; KERRY & EVANS, 1996), more rarely Globodera spp. (SAIFULLAH, 1996a, b ) and eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides (LYSEK & KRAJCI, 1987; LYSEK & STERBA, 1991). MOLLUSCA: snail and slug eggs (ZARE et al. , 2001). OOMYCOTA: oospores of Phytophthora (SNEH et al. , 1977; SUTHERLAND & PAPAVIZAS, 1991). FUNGI: antifungal activity of filtrates against Puccinia (LEINHOS & BUCHENAUER, 1992). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Both varieties are cosmopolitan; the teleomorph is only known from tropical countries. TRANSMISSION: Soil- and air-borne.
A description is provided for Lecanicillium muscarium . Information is included on the disease ca... more A description is provided for Lecanicillium muscarium . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts.
In recent years, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) plants in the no... more In recent years, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) plants in the north of Iran have exhibited symptoms resembling Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) disease. This study was initiated to elucidate the taxonomy and pathogenicity of cercosporoid taxa associated with leaf spot diseases of these two legume crops in Iran. A total of 138 samples with CLS symptoms were collected from cultivated common bean and cowpea species in northern Iran and subjected to microscopic examination, resulting in identification of 98 Cercospora and 59 Pseudocercospora samples. A six‐locus phylogenetic analysis (ITS, actA, tef1, gapdh, his3, and cmdA) coupled with examination of the morphology of 42 representative isolates from these samples confirmed that several cercosporoid fungi occur on common bean and cowpea in Iran. Five Cercospora species (C. iranica, C. cf. flagellaris, Cercospora sp. G, Cercospora sp. T, and C. vignigena) and two Pseudocercospora species (P. griseola f. griseola and P. cf. cruenta) were found; of these, C. cf. flagellaris was the dominant species, occurring on both common bean and cowpea. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that all seven species could infect leaves of common bean and/or cowpea. This is the first report of C. iranica, Cercospora sp. G, and Cercospora sp. T associated with common bean and/or cowpea in the world. In addition, C. vignigena was recorded for the first time in Iran. Results achieved in this study will assist strategies for the management of CLS disease of common bean and cowpea.
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