POSTERS by Ines Krajcar Bronic
History Archaeological excavations carried out in 2012 and 2013 revealed various phases of the si... more History Archaeological excavations carried out in 2012 and 2013 revealed various phases of the site with many burials around the fortress; unfortunately, the burial sites did not contain goods apart from one burial with a coin that cannot be evaluated due to corrosion. The tombs are primarily constructed of stones and bricks (tegulae) and rarely without grave construction. According to stratigraphy and other finds around burials, only the approximate dating was possible, so a comprehensive radiocarbon dating was performed. Results 27 human bones revealed that the burials can be dated from early Roman to late Modern times: 12 bone samples-between 1580 ± 25 BP and 1430 ± 25 BP (calibrated age spans fall to 5th and 6th century AD) 8 samples revealed calibrated age spans from 8th to 11th century 4 samples were dated to 14th century, individual samples: 1860 ± 24 BP (90 – 213 cal AD), 342 ± 20 BP (16th century) and 68 ± 21 BP (19th century).
Archaeological excavations carried out in 2012 and 2013 revealed various phases of the site with ... more Archaeological excavations carried out in 2012 and 2013 revealed various phases of the site with many burials around the fortress; unfortunately, the burial sites did not contain goods apart from one burial with a coin that cannot be evaluated due to corrosion. The tombs are primarily constructed of stones and bricks (tegulae) and rarely without grave construction. According to stratigraphy and other finds around burials, only the approximate dating was possible, so a comprehensive radiocarbon dating was performed.
Papers by Ines Krajcar Bronic
Radiation Research, 1991
The mean energy required to form an ion pair for 5.89-keV 55Fe and 1.49-keV Al photons in mixture... more The mean energy required to form an ion pair for 5.89-keV 55Fe and 1.49-keV Al photons in mixtures of argon-methane and argon-butane gas was measured using the proportional-counter technique. The measured W values in the mixtures are lower than what is expected for regular mixtures, i.e., mixtures without an appreciable intermolecular energy transfer between the mixture components. The additional ionization yield through the nonmetastable Penning processes reaches a maximum abruptly at very low partial pressure of polyatomic admixtures (alkanes), decreasing steadily with higher admixture partial pressure.
In presentation of the Postojna Cave monitoring program few details have been presented. Firstly,... more In presentation of the Postojna Cave monitoring program few details have been presented. Firstly, cave site appraisal and monitoring strategy is presented. It was explained in detail which drip sites should be monitored, which time resolution is the most useful. Overview has been given about monitoring devices to measure temperature, relative humidity, CO2, dripwater discharge rates, water chemistry. Positive and negative experiences have been discussed.
Postojna Cave (Slovenia) is one of the most famous karst caves in South Eastern Europe visited by... more Postojna Cave (Slovenia) is one of the most famous karst caves in South Eastern Europe visited by numerous tourists. There is evidence of vegetation change during the past and recently also of land use change, as well as of modification of a cave structure itself. Together with climate changes these alterations may affect the cave environment. Comprehensive investigation of speleothems and cave environment has been undertaken with the aim to map recent geochemical and stable isotope characteristics of the Postojna Cave which could help in providing insights into climate and environmental changes. Here we present a part of this study: the geochemical and stable isotope characterisation of drip water and modern carbonate. One-year monitoring of the Postojna Cave was performed from March 2010 till April 2011. Sampling of drip water was done at 9 locations within the cave. Sampling locations have been selected to cover various conditions of cave environment and thus different conditions under which formation of speleothems is occurring. Additionally, the Pivka River was also sampled at two locations: at the entrance to the cave and 2.5 km inside the cave. Parameters measured on the field were air and water temperature, pH, conductivity, drip rate and air CO2 concentration. Laboratory chemical analyses of water samples included regular measurements of Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3 concentrations and twice a year measurement of Na+, K+, Cl-, SO42- and NO3- concentrations. Saturation index with respect to calcite and dissolved CO2 concentration in water were calculated from the measured data. The following stable isotope measurements were performed: 18O in drip water and river, 13C in DIC (Dissolved Inorganic Carbon, under measured conditions mostly HCO3 ) and in air CO2 and 13C and 18O in modern carbonates. The seasonal and spatial (within the cave in relation to the distance from the entrance) variations of these parameters will be shown as well as relationships between various parameters. Air temperature within the Cave varies slightly around 10 oC, which is close to the mean air temperature measured at the meteorological station during last decade. Variations around the mean are larger at locations closer to the entrance to the Cave. Drip water temperature also slightly varies around 10 oC, while the river water follows more closely the outside air temperature. Average drip rate at studied locations varies from 10 drips per minute to 150 drips per minute, while after abundant precipitation it can reach 500 drips per minute. delta18O values of drip water vary between -10‰ and -8‰ VSMOW, with practically no seasonal variations. pH values of drip water vary between 7.1 and 8.4 and show seasonal fluctuation – lowest pH values are measured in August and September, and highest during winter months (November – March). Mean HCO3 concentrations range between 200 and 273 mg/l at all locations except for "Podrti kapnik" site where it is 152 mg/l. Similarly, calcium concentrations range between 74 and 89 mg/l at all locations except for "Podrti kapnik" site (65 mg/l). Consequently, conductivity at this site is lower (277 microS/cm) than at other sites (312 – 454 microS/cm). At all locations, magnesium concentrations are lower than 1.5 mg/l, and concentrations of other minor ions are negligible. CO2 concentration in cave air is always higher than the atmospheric CO2 concentration (398 ppm) and the average values range from 770 ppm (close to the entrance) to 1580 ppm deeper in the cave ("Carobni vrt"), where a maximal value of 3000 ppm was measured in September 2010. Consequently, average delta13C of CO2 in air range from the values for open atmosphere (-7.7‰ VPDB) to -18‰ at location "Carobni vrt". A good correlation between the CO2 concentration and its delta13C value has been obtained showing that the excess CO2 in the cave is a result of degassing of soil CO2 that was transported by the drip water. Aquatic CO2 concentration (partial pressure of aquatic CO2) in drip waters ranges from 550 microatm to 26200 microatm. Saturation index with respect to carbonate ranges from from 0.57 to 12.82 and it is generally higher when concentration of air CO2 is lower. Average delta13C values of DIC range from -12.4‰ VPDB to -13.3‰, except for "Podrti kapnik" site (-9.9‰). delta13C and delta18O of modern carbonates show the variations from -10.58 to -7.81‰ VPDB (with an exception of -3.94‰) and from -7.84‰ to -4.84‰, respectively. Variations of stable isotope composition of modern speleothems within the same locations are lower than 2‰ in both isotopes. The 18O values will be used to estimate the speleothem formation temperature, which can then be compared with the actually measured temperature and other environmental parameters at the location. The final aim of this study is to determine possible locations within the Postojna Cave where speleothems could be used fore palaeoclimate investigations.
… Protection at the Boris …, 1992
... Autori: Horvatinčić, Nada; Krajcar Bronić, Ines; Obelić, Bogomil; Srdoč, Dušan. Naslov: A com... more ... Autori: Horvatinčić, Nada; Krajcar Bronić, Ines; Obelić, Bogomil; Srdoč, Dušan. Naslov: A comparison of tritium activity in precipitation and in air moisture. Izvornik: Proceedings of the International Radiation Protection Symposium (30 yrs. of radiation Protection at the Boris Kidrič ...
Third European IRPA …, 2010
... Pregled bibliografske jedinice broj: 474416. Zbornik radova. Autori: Obelić, Bogomil; Krajcar... more ... Pregled bibliografske jedinice broj: 474416. Zbornik radova. Autori: Obelić, Bogomil; Krajcar Bronić, Ines; Horvatinčić, Nada; Barešić, Jadranka; Sironić, Andreja; Breznik, Borut. ... Vrsta sudjelovanja: Poster. Vrsta prezentacije u zborniku: Sažetak. Vrsta recenzije: Nema recenziju. ...
... Author: Krajcar Bronić, Ines. Title: Određivanje van der Waalsovih konstanti dalekosežne inte... more ... Author: Krajcar Bronić, Ines. Title: Određivanje van der Waalsovih konstanti dalekosežne interakcije iz drugog dubleta glavne serije Rb i Cs ( Determination of the van der Waals constants for the long-range interaction from the second resonance doublet lines of Rb and Cs ). ...
Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2001
Argon-based gas mixtures of various concentration ratios at low pressures were studied in a gas p... more Argon-based gas mixtures of various concentration ratios at low pressures were studied in a gas proportional counter. Over-exponential increase of gas gain in mixtures with low partial pressure of any admixture was observed. The best energy resolution was measured at a gas gain of several hundreds for lower admixture concentrations, but at high gas gains R degraded very fast. The first Townsend ionization coefficient a=P in low-pressure gases depended also on the gas pressure. The single-electron spectra had a peaked shape in mixtures with relatively high content of the molecular gas. In mixtures with lower molecular gas amount they changed the shape toward the over-exponential distribution. A partial pressure of 10 kPa was determined as a requirement for good quenching property of the mixture.
IRPA Regional Congress on Radiation Protection in …, 1999
... The Townsend ionisation coefficient alpha/P was determined for all gases and gas mixtures ove... more ... The Townsend ionisation coefficient alpha/P was determined for all gases and gas mixtures over a wide range of strong reduced electric field strengths. ... Copyright © 1997-2011. IRB. Made by:Ivo Batistić and Jadranka Stojanovski. Design: Studio8. Software: postgresql.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 1986
Tritium activity in water samples has been measured by means of a proportional counter. The energ... more Tritium activity in water samples has been measured by means of a proportional counter. The energy interval was set between 1.1 keV and 9.7 keV to obtain optimal efficiency (the best figure of merit). The background count rate in the energy interval above 20 keV was measured simultaneously. A very good correlation between background count rates in both energy intervals has been observed. The counting gas quality has been checked by measuring the 5sFe spectral line (5.89 keV). A good correlation between the count rate above 20 keV and the spectral resolution has been obtained enabling gas quality control during the measurement. A constant monitoring of the count rate above 20 keV has revealed radon contamination of several groundwater samples. Repeated measurement after 15 days storage gave more accurate tritium activity.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2010
... Kao članovi Znanstvenog odbora i Organizacijskog odbora pomoć su joj pružali (abecednim redom... more ... Kao članovi Znanstvenog odbora i Organizacijskog odbora pomoć su joj pružali (abecednim redom) Zdenko Franić, Nada Horvatinčić, Željko Jelačić ... Napominjemo da su od gore spomenuta 22 člana, 10 zaposlenici Instituta Ruđer Bošković, što je također pokazatelj uloge ...
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POSTERS by Ines Krajcar Bronic
Papers by Ines Krajcar Bronic
Andrija Buvina’s doors are a kind of icon that we all know well at first glance. For over 800 years they have stood in their original location. Only recently, however, have we been able to reconstruct their long lost appearance, based on the information obtained from their structure and the parts that were sawn off. These proved to be a veritable historical treasury of medieval sculpting and painting materials, a complete glossary of traces left by the tools used in the doors’ making. A series of experts of various specialties, from Croatia and abroad, took part in the effort. Scientifically, this brought about the discovery of, e.g., numerous new insights into the chemical composition of the doors; in technical terms – the ways they were constructed and painted, as well as the complete range of tools used in their making. We established some strong and diverse links that demonstrate the deep rootedness of this ancient piece in the rich artistic history of Split, in its spatial and historical identity, with influences that can be traced along the coast of medieval Dalmatia. On the other hand, by comparing them to similar works, primarily the celebrated doors from Cologne and those of Santa Sabina in Rome, we were able to find many technical and iconographic similarities, again confirming that Buvina’s masterpiece belongs to the same cultural circle of medieval and present-day Europe.
The exhibition will interpret the doors as a portal of exceptional symbolism, an entrance into the cathedral for the townsfolk to whom it had been the only parish for centuries. In addition, the exhibition will highlight the meaning of the doors for the people of today, through the work of a contemporary multimedia artist. Her work will be based on a reflection on the centuries-old dust and patina, a sedimentation of invisible particles of the generations that have passed through this space. The fusion of two quests, the historical and the contemporary, would discretely permeate the entire exhibition, even if the exhibition space would present each individually.
The exhibition would feature an international conference, where participants, renowned Croatian and international scientists and experts, conservators and art historians, would present their research into various aspects of the subject. The plan is to compile their contributions in a book of proceedings featured by a comprehensive exhibition catalogue.
30 posters are envisioned, authored by the head of research and conservation in collaboration with other participants in the project. A virtual reconstruction of the original polychrome appearance of Buvina’s doors, made according to the latest research insights and in a 1:2 ratio, is bound to generate much attention.
Equally interesting to the public would be a recently compiled interactive base of materials on Romanesque art in Dalmatia.
Apart from the original parts of the doors, with beautifully preserved traces of carving that enable a reconstruction of the medieval set of woodworking and carving tools, a single preserved set of such tools uncovered so far would be presented, unearthed from an intact grave of a Roman woodcarver in Zadar. A tombstone from Rab, with the depiction of a shipbuilding tool from the 15th or the 16th century, brings us closer to our time, which will be represented by a selection of tools from the collection of a late-19th-century woodcarver from Split. Also exhibited would be the Matricula of Dubrovnik woodworkers, which illustrate the town’s long woodworking tradition, a continuity of use of various tools from the 14th to the 18th century: visitors will be able to leaf through the registry pages illustrated with miniature drawings.
Along with an overview of blacksmithing tools and a depiction of a blacksmith on Buvina’s doors (the Romanesque choir stalls of Split Cathedral only show the carver’s “self-portrait”), five original nails will also be on display, showing only minimum change over the almost two millennia of the craft, and clearly illustrating an inter-dependence of form and function.
The last exhibit will be the oldest surviving carved and painted wooden artefact in Dalmatia: a wooden beam from St. Donatus’ Church in Zadar, dating from the 9th century. It introduces us to a database of wooden artefacts (following the construction wood of the doors: oak and walnut), from prehistory to modern age, showing us the way into the forests of historical Dalmatia, and over to the islands and their long shipbuilding tradition, the legacy of which are some unique examples of large saws, hammers, files, augers, awls, which would be illustrated by photographs of shipbuilders from the late 19th century – most suggestive images from a long history of woodworking, a craft that has, like so many others, all but vanished before our very eyes.
Finally, paintings on wooden ground will also be on view. We will present a database of medieval painting pigments and materials used on Romanesque doors and choir stalls, and on three icons and three painted crucifixes of the so-called Split School of Romanesque Painting. Viewers will be acquainted with polychrome sculpture, an art almost forgotten today. The unity of sculpture and painting can only be understood through a virtual reconstruction of the original polychromy, in our case, that on the figurative reliefs on Buvina’s doors. These, we are at liberty to announce, will be “presented exclusively” at the end of the painstaking process of research and analysis of their tiny remains, preserved only on several of the 28 figurative reliefs, and demonstrating their former luxuriant and suggestive colouristic shine.
This, second edition of the conference Proceedings contains eight scientific papers from the 6th MetArh conference which was held at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the University of Zagreb, from 6th - 7th of December 2018. Papers are focused on different aspects of archaeological methodology and archaeometry, including case studies from Croatia, Slovenia, Serbia, Greece and Russia.