ABSTRACT Subsistence strategies are a set of actions and measures chosen by hominins in a specifi... more ABSTRACT Subsistence strategies are a set of actions and measures chosen by hominins in a specific place and at a specific time to obtain the means necessary to survive and reproduce as individuals and as a group. Choosing successful actions and measures increases the group's means of survival, which in turn gives rise to an increase in population, thereby ensuring the continuity of the group. Some authors believe that Early Pleistocene hominin settlements were marginal and discontinuous due to their lack of social networks and cultural acquirements. However, the faunal remains recovered in the caves of Gran Dolina (levels 3–4 and 6) and Sima del Elefante (levels 9–14) in the Sierra de Atapuerca (Spain) show that the subsistence strategies of Early Pleistocene hominins in Europe were successful enough to allow hominin groups to survive and reproduce in sufficient numbers. Therefore, these first humans would have the ability to maintain a continuous occupation of Europe.
... BISCHOFF, J., JULIA, R., MORA, R., 1988 Uranium series dating of the ... Espagne) : Une Imp... more ... BISCHOFF, J., JULIA, R., MORA, R., 1988 Uranium series dating of the ... Espagne) : Une Importante Séquence Anthropisée du Pleistocene Supérieur." Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique ... 434 p. CASTRO-CURIEL, Z. et CARBONELL, E., 1994 - Wood pseudomorphs from Level I ...
Atapuerca Ocupaciones Humanas Y Paleoecologia Del Yacimiento De Galeria 1999 Isbn 84 7846 876 5 Pags 377 390, 1999
Información del artículo Contribución del yacimiento de Galería (Sierra de Atapuerca) al Cuaterna... more Información del artículo Contribución del yacimiento de Galería (Sierra de Atapuerca) al Cuaternario Ibérico.
Atapuerca Ocupaciones Humanas Y Paleoecologia Del Yacimiento De Galeria 1999 Isbn 84 7846 876 5 Pags 265 281, 1999
Localización: Atapuerca: ocupaciones humanas y paleoecología del yacimiento de Galería/coord. por... more Localización: Atapuerca: ocupaciones humanas y paleoecología del yacimiento de Galería/coord. por Juan Carlos Díez Fernández-Lomana, Antonio Rosas González, Eudald Carbonell i Roura, 1999, ISBN 84-7846-876-5, págs. 265-281
The taphonomic study of level J (sublevels Ja and Jb) includes macrovertebrates, microvertebrates... more The taphonomic study of level J (sublevels Ja and Jb) includes macrovertebrates, microvertebrates, wood and charcoal. The association of level J has, in general, a good state of conservation, although there are several taphonomic modifications. No ...
We undertook a three-dimensional geometric morphometric (3DGM) analysis on 12 new Neandertal clav... more We undertook a three-dimensional geometric morphometric (3DGM) analysis on 12 new Neandertal clavicle specimens from the El Sidrón site (Spain), dated to 49,000 years ago. The 3DGM methods were applied in a comparative framework in order to improve our understanding of trait polarity in features related to Homo pectoral girdle evolution, using other Neandertals, Homo sapiens, Pan, ATD6-50 (Homo antecessor), and KNM-WT 15000 (Homo ergaster/erectus) in the reference collection. Twenty-nine homologous landmarks were measured for each clavicle. Variation and morphological similarities were assessed through principal component analysis, conducted separately for the complete clavicle and the diaphysis. On average, Neandertal clavicles had significantly larger muscular entheses, double dorsal curvature, clavicle torsion, and cranial orientation of the acromial end than non-Neandertal clavicles; the El Sidrón clavicles fit this pattern. Variation within the samples was large, with extensive overlap between Homo species; only chimpanzee specimens clearly differed from the other specimens in morphometric terms. Taken together, our morphometric analyses are consistent with the following phylogenetic sequence. The primitive condition of the clavicle is manifest in the cranial orientation of both the acromial and sternal ends. The derived condition expressed in the H. sapiens + Neandertal clade is defined by caudal rotation of both the sternal and acromial ends, but with variation in the number of acromia remaining in a certain cranial orientation. Finally, the autapomorphic Neandertal condition is defined by secondarily acquired primitive cranial re-orientation of the acromial end, which varies from individual to individual. These results suggest that the pace of phylogenetic change in the pectoral girdle does not seem to follow that of other postcranial skeletal features.
The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in b... more The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. AIM n this study we analyzed the non-masticatory dental wear (cultural striations and chipping enamel) on the anterior dentition of the 6 Neandertal adult individuals from I the El Sidrón site (Rosas et al., 2012), in order to look for skeletal evidence of a division of work in activities other than the provisioning of food.
CITATIONS 5 READS 47 5 authors, including: Some of the authors of this publication are also worki... more CITATIONS 5 READS 47 5 authors, including: Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Projet ARCHOR Archéologie des origines : émergence et évolution des premières techno-cultures View project Pinilla del Valle Archaeological Sites. 2016 field season View project
We present here the first cases in Neandertals of congenital clefts of the arch of the atlas. Two... more We present here the first cases in Neandertals of congenital clefts of the arch of the atlas. Two atlases from El Sidrón, northern Spain, present respectively a defect of the posterior (frequency in extant modern human populations ranging from 0.73% to 3.84%), and anterior (frequency in extant modern human populations ranging from 0.087% to 0.1%) arch, a condition in most cases not associated with any clinical manifestation. The fact that two out of three observable atlases present a low frequency congenital condition, together with previously reported evidence of retained deciduous mandibular canine in two out of ten dentitions from El Sidrón, supports the previous observation based on genetic evidence that these Neandertals constituted a group with close genetic relations. Some have proposed for humans and other species that the presence of skeletal congenital conditions, although without clinical significance, could be used as a signal of endogamy or inbreeding. In the present case this interpretation would fit the general scenario of high incidence of rare conditions among Pleistocene humans and the specific scenariothat emerges from Neandertal paleogenetics, which points to long-term small and decreasing population size with reduced and isolated groups. Adverse environmental factors affecting early pregnancies would constitute an alternative, non-exclusive, explanation for a high incidence of congenital conditions. Further support or rejection of these interpretations will come from new genetic and skeletal evidence from Neandertal remains.
ABSTRACT Subsistence strategies are a set of actions and measures chosen by hominins in a specifi... more ABSTRACT Subsistence strategies are a set of actions and measures chosen by hominins in a specific place and at a specific time to obtain the means necessary to survive and reproduce as individuals and as a group. Choosing successful actions and measures increases the group's means of survival, which in turn gives rise to an increase in population, thereby ensuring the continuity of the group. Some authors believe that Early Pleistocene hominin settlements were marginal and discontinuous due to their lack of social networks and cultural acquirements. However, the faunal remains recovered in the caves of Gran Dolina (levels 3–4 and 6) and Sima del Elefante (levels 9–14) in the Sierra de Atapuerca (Spain) show that the subsistence strategies of Early Pleistocene hominins in Europe were successful enough to allow hominin groups to survive and reproduce in sufficient numbers. Therefore, these first humans would have the ability to maintain a continuous occupation of Europe.
... BISCHOFF, J., JULIA, R., MORA, R., 1988 Uranium series dating of the ... Espagne) : Une Imp... more ... BISCHOFF, J., JULIA, R., MORA, R., 1988 Uranium series dating of the ... Espagne) : Une Importante Séquence Anthropisée du Pleistocene Supérieur." Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique ... 434 p. CASTRO-CURIEL, Z. et CARBONELL, E., 1994 - Wood pseudomorphs from Level I ...
Atapuerca Ocupaciones Humanas Y Paleoecologia Del Yacimiento De Galeria 1999 Isbn 84 7846 876 5 Pags 377 390, 1999
Información del artículo Contribución del yacimiento de Galería (Sierra de Atapuerca) al Cuaterna... more Información del artículo Contribución del yacimiento de Galería (Sierra de Atapuerca) al Cuaternario Ibérico.
Atapuerca Ocupaciones Humanas Y Paleoecologia Del Yacimiento De Galeria 1999 Isbn 84 7846 876 5 Pags 265 281, 1999
Localización: Atapuerca: ocupaciones humanas y paleoecología del yacimiento de Galería/coord. por... more Localización: Atapuerca: ocupaciones humanas y paleoecología del yacimiento de Galería/coord. por Juan Carlos Díez Fernández-Lomana, Antonio Rosas González, Eudald Carbonell i Roura, 1999, ISBN 84-7846-876-5, págs. 265-281
The taphonomic study of level J (sublevels Ja and Jb) includes macrovertebrates, microvertebrates... more The taphonomic study of level J (sublevels Ja and Jb) includes macrovertebrates, microvertebrates, wood and charcoal. The association of level J has, in general, a good state of conservation, although there are several taphonomic modifications. No ...
We undertook a three-dimensional geometric morphometric (3DGM) analysis on 12 new Neandertal clav... more We undertook a three-dimensional geometric morphometric (3DGM) analysis on 12 new Neandertal clavicle specimens from the El Sidrón site (Spain), dated to 49,000 years ago. The 3DGM methods were applied in a comparative framework in order to improve our understanding of trait polarity in features related to Homo pectoral girdle evolution, using other Neandertals, Homo sapiens, Pan, ATD6-50 (Homo antecessor), and KNM-WT 15000 (Homo ergaster/erectus) in the reference collection. Twenty-nine homologous landmarks were measured for each clavicle. Variation and morphological similarities were assessed through principal component analysis, conducted separately for the complete clavicle and the diaphysis. On average, Neandertal clavicles had significantly larger muscular entheses, double dorsal curvature, clavicle torsion, and cranial orientation of the acromial end than non-Neandertal clavicles; the El Sidrón clavicles fit this pattern. Variation within the samples was large, with extensive overlap between Homo species; only chimpanzee specimens clearly differed from the other specimens in morphometric terms. Taken together, our morphometric analyses are consistent with the following phylogenetic sequence. The primitive condition of the clavicle is manifest in the cranial orientation of both the acromial and sternal ends. The derived condition expressed in the H. sapiens + Neandertal clade is defined by caudal rotation of both the sternal and acromial ends, but with variation in the number of acromia remaining in a certain cranial orientation. Finally, the autapomorphic Neandertal condition is defined by secondarily acquired primitive cranial re-orientation of the acromial end, which varies from individual to individual. These results suggest that the pace of phylogenetic change in the pectoral girdle does not seem to follow that of other postcranial skeletal features.
The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in b... more The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. AIM n this study we analyzed the non-masticatory dental wear (cultural striations and chipping enamel) on the anterior dentition of the 6 Neandertal adult individuals from I the El Sidrón site (Rosas et al., 2012), in order to look for skeletal evidence of a division of work in activities other than the provisioning of food.
CITATIONS 5 READS 47 5 authors, including: Some of the authors of this publication are also worki... more CITATIONS 5 READS 47 5 authors, including: Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Projet ARCHOR Archéologie des origines : émergence et évolution des premières techno-cultures View project Pinilla del Valle Archaeological Sites. 2016 field season View project
We present here the first cases in Neandertals of congenital clefts of the arch of the atlas. Two... more We present here the first cases in Neandertals of congenital clefts of the arch of the atlas. Two atlases from El Sidrón, northern Spain, present respectively a defect of the posterior (frequency in extant modern human populations ranging from 0.73% to 3.84%), and anterior (frequency in extant modern human populations ranging from 0.087% to 0.1%) arch, a condition in most cases not associated with any clinical manifestation. The fact that two out of three observable atlases present a low frequency congenital condition, together with previously reported evidence of retained deciduous mandibular canine in two out of ten dentitions from El Sidrón, supports the previous observation based on genetic evidence that these Neandertals constituted a group with close genetic relations. Some have proposed for humans and other species that the presence of skeletal congenital conditions, although without clinical significance, could be used as a signal of endogamy or inbreeding. In the present case this interpretation would fit the general scenario of high incidence of rare conditions among Pleistocene humans and the specific scenariothat emerges from Neandertal paleogenetics, which points to long-term small and decreasing population size with reduced and isolated groups. Adverse environmental factors affecting early pregnancies would constitute an alternative, non-exclusive, explanation for a high incidence of congenital conditions. Further support or rejection of these interpretations will come from new genetic and skeletal evidence from Neandertal remains.
The first arrivals of hominin populations into Eurasia during the Early Pleistocene are currently... more The first arrivals of hominin populations into Eurasia during the Early Pleistocene are currently considered to have occurred as short and poorly dated biological dispersions. Questions as to the tempo and mode of these early prehistoric settlements have given rise to debates concerning the taxonomic significance of the lithic assemblages, as trace fossils, and the geographical distribution of the technological traditions found in the Lower Palaeolithic record. Here, we report on the Barranc de la Boella site which has yielded a lithic assemblage dating to ,1 million years ago that includes large cutting tools (LCT). We argue that distinct technological traditions coexisted in the Iberian archaeological repertoires of the late Early Pleistocene age in a similar way to the earliest sub-Saharan African artefact assemblages. These differences between stone tool assemblages may be attributed to the different chronologies of hominin dispersal events. The archaeological
record of Barranc de la Boella completes the geographical distribution of LCT assemblages across southern Eurasia during the EMPT (Early-Middle Pleistocene Transition, circa 942 to 641 kyr). Up to now, chronology of the earliest European LCT assemblages is based on the abundant Palaeolithic record found in terrace river sequences which have been dated to the end of the EMPT and later. However, the findings at Barranc de la Boella suggest that early LCT lithic assemblages appeared in the SW of Europe during earlier hominin dispersal episodes before the definitive colonization of temperate Eurasia took place.
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record of Barranc de la Boella completes the geographical distribution of LCT assemblages across southern Eurasia during the EMPT (Early-Middle Pleistocene Transition, circa 942 to 641 kyr). Up to now, chronology of the earliest European LCT assemblages is based on the abundant Palaeolithic record found in terrace river sequences which have been dated to the end of the EMPT and later. However, the findings at Barranc de la Boella suggest that early LCT lithic assemblages appeared in the SW of Europe during earlier hominin dispersal episodes before the definitive colonization of temperate Eurasia took place.