Diploma

There have been few studies to date on how French research scientists are using electronic journals in their work. Under a national programme for document digitisation in higher education and research, a qualitative study was conducted at the Jussieu Campus in Paris among 25 researchers and doctoral students and nine documentalists. The main disciplines covered were physics, chemistry and biology, with some representatives from mathematics, computer science and earth sciences. A user typology was built up, and several of the findings agree substantially with those in the (mainly Anglo-Saxon) literature, which demonstrate the importance of factors such as the discipline concerned and the immediate working environment of researchers, including equipment, local practice, and the resources that are promoted or made available. Other more subjective factors also need to be taken into account. 50 1 2

Birdwatching is a recreational activity of observing birds in the wild with the naked eye¸ using tools such as telescopes and binoculars, or listening to bird sounds. The observation locations can be either natural landscape or urban landscapes with bird diversity. However, the dominance of built spaces and man-made vegetation differed from natural landscapes. This difference will affect the composition of birds found in the urban landscape. This paper aimed to analyze bird diversity in urban landscapes and their potential for birdwatching. The research was conducted from February to April 2020 in five cities in Java (Bogor, Sukabumi, Bandung, Yogyakarta, Surabaya). Bird data were taken using the IPA method and were carried out in 85 green open spaces. Total bird species found were 75 species, with the largest number found in Bogor (66 species), followed by Surabaya (36 species), Bandung (28 species), Sukabumi (26 species), and Yogyakarta (19 species). The locations with the highest species richness in each city are Bogor Botanical Gardens (53 species), Cikundul Agrotourism Area Sukabumi (18 species), Bandung Zoological Garden (21 species), Gembira Loka Zoo (14 species), and Pakal City Forest Surabaya (20 species). Commonly seen bird species are dominated by generalist species typical of urban landscapes (e.g., Collocalia linchi, Passer montanus, and Pycnonotus aurigaster). Bird species richness has a positive correlation with the local area and habitat diversity. A total of 74 bird species are resident species that can be found throughout the year as birdwatching objects. Only one species are migrant species namely Merops philippinus.

A technique is presented for predicting lifetime of an oxide to different voltages, different oxide areas and different temperatures. Using the defect density model in which defects are modelled as effective oxide thinning, many reliability parameters such as yield, failure rate, and screen time/screen yield can be predicted. Effects of oxide thickness, process improvements including defect gettering, and alternative dielectrics such as CVD oxides are evaluated in terms of defect density as a function of effective oxide thinning