Computer Engineering

Sultan Hasanuddin lahir di Makassar pada 11 januari 1631, dia merupakan putera dari Sultan Malik Asy-Said, Raja Gowa ke-15. Nama lengkap Hasanuddin adalah I Mallombasi Muhammad Bakir Daeng Mattawang Karaeng Bonto Mangepe. Gelar Hasanuddin adalah Tumenanga Ri Balla Pangkana, hanya saja lebih dikenal dengan sultan Hasanuddin saja.

Temperature is one thing that can explain the environmental conditions. The need for data on environmental conditions have prompted humans to create a tool that can determine the environmental conditions, one of which is to determine the condition of temperature on freshwater fish aquarium temperature should be maintained. The water temperature is ideal for freshwater fish aquarium is 25°C-30°C, when the temperature exceeds a predetermined limit, the ideal would affect the fish's metabolism and the other organism. Measuring tool will be made a function to display the results of measurements of water temperature. The sensor used is a Dallas DS18B20 sensors are processed by the Arduino Uno microcontroller as the brain of the device. The data obtained will be displayed on the LCD and the web in realtime, then data is stored into the database.

Keywords: Arduino Uno, Dallas DS18B20  Sensor, Temperature

Oksigen terlarut atau DO (Dissolved Oxygen), yang sering juga disebut dengan kebutuhan oksigen (Oxygen Demand) merupakan salah satu parameter penting dalam analisis kualitas air. Nilai DO yang biasanya diukur dalam bentuk konsentrasi ini menunjukan jumlah oksigen (O2) yang tersedia dalam suatu badan air. Nilai DO merupakan ukuran banyaknya oksigen yang terlarut dalam air yang diukur dalam satuan mg/L atau ppm. Semakin besar nilai DO pada air, mengindikasikan air tersebut memiliki kualitas yang bagus. Sebaliknya jika nilai DO rendah, dapat diketahui bahwa air tersebut telah tercemar. Pengukuran DO juga bertujuan melihat sejauh mana badan air mampu menampung biota air seperti ikan dan mikroorganisme. Model desain alat ukur kadar oksigen air ini menggunakan mikrokontroler ATMega128, prinsip kerja dari alat DO meter ini adalah menggunakan teknologi optik. Lapisan optik bereaksi dengan memancarkan led merah dan led biru (Fluorescence) yang kemudian diterima oleh photo diode. Intensitas cahaya yang dipancarkan antara penyerapan dan emisi cahaya ini bervariasi tergantung pada konsentrasi oksigen. Pengukuran kadar oksigen didapat melalui intensitas cahaya yang dipantulkan.

Kata kunci: DO, Fluorescence, Photo Diode

The Linked Brazilian Amazon Rainforest Data contains observations about deforestation of rainforests and related things such as rivers, road networks, population, amount of cattle, and market prices of agricultural products. The Linked Data approach offers thus to combine ecological, economical and social dimensions together. Our aim has been to 1) dramatically shorten the time needed to collect information for a research setting concerning the Brazilian Amazon, and 2) via the linkage between datasets enable novel types of transdisciplinary research for the scientific community.

Spatial variation in landscape and soil properties combined with temporal variations in weather can result in yield patterns that change annually within a field. The complexity of interactions between a number of yield-limiting factors makes it difficult to accurately attribute yield losses to conditions that occur within a field. In this research, a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) model was developed to predict the spatial distribution of soybean yields and to understand the causes of yield variability. First, we developed a BPNN model by relating soybean yield to topography, soil, weather, and site factors and evaluated model predictions for the same field for independent years. We also explored the potential use of BPNN for predicting yields in independent fields. Finally, we evaluated the ability of the BPNN to attribute yield losses due to soybean cyst nematodes (SCN), soil pH, and weeds. A total of 14 input datasets with combinations of four controlling factors (topographic, soil fertility, weather, and site) were used. For each objective, data from fields in Iowa were used for training the BPNN, while a portion of the data was withheld to verify the accuracy of yield predictions. All BPNN models had fully connected feed-forward architecture with a back-propagation weight adjustment algorithm. When tested for a particular field, the BPNN captured the major patterns of yield variability in independent years; the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) was 14.2% of actual yield. When the BPNN was trained with inputs from five fields, the RMSEP at test sites was 11.2% of actual yield. When the BPNN was used to attribute yield losses to soil pH, SCN, and weed populations, standard errors were 92, 262, and 171 kg ha -1 , respectively. The technique showed that the BPNN could predict spatial yield variability with an RMSEP of about 14%.

We projected US agricultural production in 2030 and 2090 at 45 representative sites, using 2 scenarios of climate change, developed with the Hadley Centre Model and the Canadian Centre Climate Model, and the DSSAT (Decision Support Systems for Agro-technology Transfer) dynamic crop-growth models. These simulation results have previously been aggregated nationally with the aid of economic models to show an increase in overall US agricultural output under climate change. In this work, we analyzed the regional distribution of the simulated yields, showing that positive results largely depend on the precipitation increases projected by the climate scenarios. In contrast, in some important rainfed production areas where precipitation was projected to decrease, such as the Kansas and Oklahoma Bread Basket regions under the Canadian Centre Climate Model scenario, climate change resulted in significant reductions of grain yield (−30 to −40%), accompanied by increased year-to-year variability. We also discussed the response to additional factors affecting the simulated US crop production under climate change, such as higher temperature and elevated CO 2. KEY WORDS: Climate change • Agriculture • Elevated CO 2 • US National Assessment • Adaptation Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Clim Res 20: 259-270, 2002 response to elevated CO 2 is relatively greater when water is a limiting factor, compared to well-watered conditions (Chaudhuri et al. 1990, Kimball et al. 1995). The contrary is true for nitrogen applications: wellfertilized crops respond more positively to CO 2 than less fertilized ones (Sionit et al. 1981). Finally, CO 2 will affect differently C3 (e.g. wheat, soybean, citrus) and C4 plants (e.g. maize, sorghum, plus several important agricultural weeds), as the latter group is less responsive than the former to increased CO 2 levels in the atmosphere (Rosenzweig & Hillel 1998). Because the combined influence of many relevant factors must be assessed to determine the full response of agricultural crops to future climate conditions, computer simulations have been used extensively to project potential impacts on agriculture (e.g. Rosenberg 1993, Rosenzweig & Parry 1994). This study evaluates the impacts of potential climate change on crop production in the United States. It was conducted as part of the US National Assessment (www.nacc.usgcrp.gov, Reilly et al. 2001). Previous studies have generally projected small negative to mildly positive changes in US crop yields due to the impacts of climate change and elevated CO 2 (e.g. Easterling et al. 1993, Rosenzweig et al. 1995, Mearns et al. 1997, Rosenzweig & Hillel 1998). The study presented herein adds to previous work by analyzing a larger number of sites, and by simulating more crops than done previously. It includes simple adaptation techniques, such as changes in planting date and of cultivar type, which may be needed to optimize crop yields under a future climate. Additionally, this work employs new climate scenarios, which are considered to be more realistic than those previously available. These new scenarios, provided by the US National Assessment, consider the cooling effects of sulfuric aerosols on surface air temperature, in addition to the warming due to greenhouse gases. As a result, these scenarios project temperature increases that are smaller than previously forecast for the first half of this century. By the end of the century, however, the 'masking' effects of sulfuric aerosols become small compared to greenhouse forcing, and projected temperature increases become substantial, with a warming for the US projected to be in the range of 3−5°C (US National Assessment 2000). We note that crop simulation results should be regarded as defining at best upper limits to actual crop responses to climate change and elevated CO 2. Crop models typically assume that soil nutrients and micro-nutrients are not limiting, and that pests (insects, diseases, weeds) pose no threat to crop growth and yield. It can be expected that in the field some or all of these missing factors may limit, or in some

Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) was performed on 26 patients admitted for chest pain deemed at low risk for myocardial infarction. Pharmacologic stress in the emergency department on a 24-hour basis was administered by nurses and echocardiographic ultrasonographers with electrocardiogTams and echocardiograms being interpreted through telemedicine relay by an off-site cardiologist. Target heart rate was achieved in 84% of patients with an average peak dobutamine dose of 48 btg/kg/min. Echocardiographic transmission to the cardiologist over standard telephone lines took 9 minutes per quad-screen cine-loop display. The entire protocol added 2.2 hours to the emergency room evaluation. The one patient out of 26 who had incipient myocardial infarction was diagnosed Concern over efficient use ofrcsourccs has focused attention on the large number of hospital admissions for paticnts with chest pain. In an effort to begin therapy sooner in patients with myocardial infarction or ischemia and to reduce unnecessary hospitalization on in those with noncardiac chest pain, we sought a means to differentiate these patients rapidly in the emergency department. Special considerations for evaluating chest pain in thc cmcrgcncy dcpartmcnt include space limitations, noise levels generated by stress equipment, patient comfort and apprehension, and 24-hour testing availability. With these concerns in mind, dobutamine stress echocardiography 1 3 appeared to satisfy our objectives. In terms of accuracy, dobutamine stress echocardiography compares favorably with exercisc strcss testing modalities with imaging. 4 ~ For 24-hour testing availability, we proposcd to

Tillage is an important procedure for modifying the soil environment to enhance crop growth and conserve soil and water resources. Process-based models of crop production are widely used in decision support, but few explicitly simulate tillage. The Cropping Systems Model (CSM) was modified to simulate tillage and related field operations for single seasons or multiple years. This paper provides an overview of how the new routines were implemented and discusses issues of spatial and temporal scaling that influenced the underlying strategy. The processes considered included effects of crop residues on the soil surface and on chemical and physical properties that vary with soil depth. Each event is described by date and implement used. The implement is characterized by its effects on soil properties, including mixing of soil layers and crop residues and changes in soil bulk density. The modeled responses are illustrated with a hypothetical case comparing effects of four implements (mold board plow, tandem disk, tine harrow, and planking) and a field experiment where winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was grown with different tillage and residue management practices. From a modeling viewpoint, a key issue was how to manage different spatial and time scales. The soil is simulated as varying only with depth but in reality, the thickness of the soil is affected by tillage. This poses challenges for ensuring that the masses for water, nutrients, residues and

In 1998, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the licensure of tobramycin solution for inhalation (TOBI). Although a number of additional antibiotics, including other aminoglycosides, β-lactams, antibiotics in the polymyxin class, and vancomycin, have been administered as aerosols for many years, none are approved by the FDA for administration by inhalation. TOBI was approved by the FDA for the maintenance therapy of patients 6 years or older with cystic fibrosis (CF) who have between 25% and 75% of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), are colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and are able to comply with the prescribed medical regimen. TOBI was not approved for the therapy of acute pulmonary exacerbations in patients with CF nor was it approved for use in patients without CF. Currently, no other antibiotics are approved for administration by inhalation to patients with or without CF. The purpose of this statement is to briefly summarize the data that su...

In recent years gazetteers based on semantic web technologies were discussed as an effective way to describe, formalize and standardize place data by using contextual information as a method to structure and distinguish places from each other. While research concerning semantic gazetteers with regard to historical places has pointed out the importance of enabling the creation of a global and epoch-spanning gazetteer, we want to emphasize the importance of taking a domain oriented approach as well – in our case, focusing on places set in medieval and early modern times. By discussing the topic from the historians’ perspective, we will be able to identify a number of challenges that are specific to the semantic representation of places set in these time periods. We will then do a survey of existing gazetteer projects that are taking historical places into account. This will enable us to find out which technologies and practices already exist, that can meet the demands of a gazetteer t...

Exploring complex spatiotemporal data can be very challenging for non-experts. Recently, gestural interaction has emerged as a promising option, which has been successfully applied to various domains, including simple map control. In this paper, we investigate whether gestures can be used to enable non-experts to explore and understand complex spatiotemporal phenomena. In this case study we made use of large amounts of Linked Open Data about the deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest and related ecological, economical and social factors. The results of our study indicate that people of all ages can easily learn gestures and successfully use them to explore the visualized and aggregated spatiotemporal data about the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest.

Exploring complex spatiotemporal data can be very challenging for non-experts. Recently, gestural interaction has emerged as a promis-ing option, which has been successfully applied to various domains, including simple map control. In this paper, we investigate whether gestures can be used to enable non-experts to explore and understand complex spatiotemporal phenomena. In this case study we made use of large amounts of Linked Open Data about the deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest and related ecological, economical and social factors. The results of our study indicate that people of all 1 ages can easily learn gestures and successfully use them to explore the visualized and aggregated spatiotemporal data about the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest. 1