Revista de Cercetări Arheologice și Numismatice, 2021
The tell settlement from Gumelnița is the eponymous site of the Eneolithic civilization with the ... more The tell settlement from Gumelnița is the eponymous site of the Eneolithic civilization with the same name. It is probably the largest tells ettlement north of the Danube, and it belongs to the Kodjadermen-Gumelnița-Karanovo VI civilisation that occupied the Balkan area in the second half of the fifth millennium BC. During the 2021 fieldwork season, the research of the Gumelnița site continued, the present study presenting the preliminary interdisciplinary results. Rezumat: Așezarea de tip tell de la Gumelnița este situl eponim al civilizației eneolitice cu același nume. Aceasta este probabil cea mai mare așezare de tip tellde la nord de Dunăre și aparține complexului cultural Kodjadermen-Gumelnița-Karanovo VI care a ocupat zona Balcanică în a doua jumătate a mileniului al V-lea BC. În campania de teren din anul 2021, cercetarea sitului Gumelnița a continuat, studiul de față prezentând rezultatele interdisciplinare preliminare obținute.
The authors publish several Byzantine, medieval and modern coins discovered in 2021 in Buzău Coun... more The authors publish several Byzantine, medieval and modern coins discovered in 2021 in Buzău County. The oldest coin is a Byzantine solidus issued by Emperor Teophilus (829-842) found in the forest near the village of Spătaru, Costești commune. A Hungarian denarius struck by Vladislaus II at the mint in Kremnica (Körmöcbánya) in the years 1500-1502 was found in the forest near Sărulești commune. In the area of Pardoși, a șahi (dirhem) was discovered, issued by the mint in Erzurum during the reign of Sultan Murad III (1574-1595). Another șahi struck at Çança in the name of Sultan Murad III was found in the village of Lipia, Merei commune. In the forest near the village of Mierea, Vernești commune, a lion-thaler from the United Provinces of the Netherlands was discovered, issued in 1651 by Westfriesland. A coin hoard consisting of 57 Ottoman silver coins issued by sultans Abdülhamid I (1774 -1789) and Selim III (1789-1807) was found by chance near the village of Scărișoara, Cislău commune. Aspects of monetary circulation in the area of the Curvature Carpathians in the medieval period are discussed.
In 1928, in the village of Kalipetrovo, near Silistra, during agricultural works some inhabitants... more In 1928, in the village of Kalipetrovo, near Silistra, during agricultural works some inhabitants accidentally discovered a large treasure consisting of Byzantine gold coins, ingots and adornments weighing about 4 kg. Twenty-eight Byzantine gold coins from the treasure are preserved in the collections of the Vasile Pârvan Institute of Archaeology, with the following distribution by issuers: Basil II and Constantine VIII (2), Constantine IX Monomachos (5), Constantine X Doukas (4), Romanos IV Diogenes (10), Michael VII Doukas (6) and Alexius I Comnenos (1). The first information about the Kalipetrovo hoard was published in 1931, when the author of the article, George Severeanu, bought three more Byzantine gold coins and some adornments from the discoverers. The analysis of the adornments from a typological point of view, based on analogies with similar artifacts from the Balkans (Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania) and Hungary, indicates a chronology of them that can be extended from the end of the tenth century (ring and links hair) until the twelfth century (hair earrings and links). The moon-shaped pendant is the only piece that raises certain dating issues, at this time a very similar specimen dating to the 7th century, discovered at Sisak in Croatia, is known. The presence of the fragments of gold bars is not a very precise element of dating, at least for the current territory of Romania. Here, they were discovered rather in later hoards, such as at Streza-Cârțișoara, Amnaș or Mihail Kogălniceanu-Dealul Uzun Baiîr and less frequently in the early ones, such as the one from Răducăneni. The most recent coin from the discovery in Kalipetrovo, a hyperper from Alexius I struck after the reform of 1092/1093, indicates the hiding of the treasure in the context of the Cuman invasion of 1094.
Dobrogea. Coordonate istorice si arheologice, 2016
The authors present a hoard of 259 counterfeits after the Silver Ottoman akçe struck by Ahmed I. ... more The authors present a hoard of 259 counterfeits after the Silver Ottoman akçe struck by Ahmed I. The counterfeits were produced with three dies, two for Obverse and one for Reverse. According to Slobodan Srećković, the prototypes used for the Obverse dies were the Ottoman Silver coins with the Obverse type A and the Obverse type C. The Reverse die represent a copy after the Obverse A but without the father name Mehmed and adding the year 1012 written 1102. The hoard include 84 pieces (blanks) prepared for striking.
Revista de Cercetări Arheologice și Numismatice, 2020
The authors present a monetary hoard from the end of the 16th century discovered at Bora, Ialomiț... more The authors present a monetary hoard from the end of the 16th century discovered at Bora, Ialomița County. The hoard consists of 24 coins, four gold ducats from the Netherlands and Hungary and 20 large European silver coins struck in Austria, the Netherlands, Transylvania, various principalities and cities within the Roman-German Empire. The most recent coin, a gold ducat struck by Zeeland in 1595, shows that the treasure was hidden during the reign of Michael the Brave, in the context of the events that took place after the battle of Călugăreni. The analysis of the hoard suggests that the coins arrived in Wallachia rather by military means, for the payment of the soldiers.
A significant research about the Alexander type staters from Kallatis at the middle of the 3rd ce... more A significant research about the Alexander type staters from Kallatis at the middle of the 3rd century BC.
An interesting investigation to recovered data concerning an old hoard discovered more than one h... more An interesting investigation to recovered data concerning an old hoard discovered more than one hundred years ago in the ancient Tomis.
An interesting investigation to recover an old hoard of diobols from Apollonia Pontica and Mesemb... more An interesting investigation to recover an old hoard of diobols from Apollonia Pontica and Mesembria discovered in the ancient Tomis.
Revista de Cercetări Arheologice şi Numismatice, 2019
The authors publish 13 gold staters of Lysimachus type kept in the Maria and dr. George Severeanu... more The authors publish 13 gold staters of Lysimachus type kept in the Maria and dr. George Severeanu collection. Three pieces belong to the posthumous issues of the 3rd – 2nd centuries BC, while 10 items were minted by the Pontic cities Istros, Tomis and Kallatis in the context of the Mithridatic wars. The earliest Lysimachus type stater, with ΔI, but without a trident on the reverse, was attributed to the city of Byzantion in c. 255-c. 245 BC, in the context of the wars between Ptolemaic Egypt and the Seleucid Empire. On the side of the Ptolemies, the city of Byzantion carried out an active policy in the Pontic area during the 3rd century BC, putting into circulation an important volume of gold staters. In the years 255-254 BC, the written sources mention two events that could lead to the minting of the staters with ΔI at Byzantion: the siege of the city by Antioch II and the war with Callatis. The second stater from the Maria and dr. George Severeanu collection, with a trident, BY and the monogram on the reverse was issued by Byzantion in the years c. 175-150 BC. A posthumous stater of Lysimachus type (with TO, trident and AI on the reverse) minted at Tomis stands as proof of the ascension of this city in the second part of the 3rd century BC. Greek cities on the western coast of the Black Sea begin to mint staters of Lysimachus type following the model promoted by Byzantion. During this period, the importance of Tomis increases, which, at the beginning of the third Syrian war (246-241 BC), puts into circulation staters of Lysimachus type without trident on the reverse. Subsequently, Tomis struck staters of Lysimachus type with trident and AI on the reverse, probably for the purpose of hiring local mercenaries in the context of events happening in Thrace and Asia Minor in the years 230-c. 220 BC or later, towards the end of the 3rd century BC. Of the staters of Lysimachus type from the Maria and dr. George Severeanu collection, ten pieces are the latest issues put into circulation by Istros (1), Tomis (6) and Callatis (3). Regarding the Tomitan staters, it was found that two pieces with the ΘЄM were produced with the same obverse die and have a high gold content, 98.96% and 98.32%. Two other pieces, with the monogram, with the same obverse die, but different reverse dies, have a smaller title, 97.48% and 97.09%. The last two staters from Tomis, one with ΔIΟ on the reverse and the other with, have a gold content of 96.79% and 94.69%. A decrease in the title can also be seen in the case of the three Callatian staters, all with a trident in exergue, the monogram and the abbreviation KAΛ on the reverse. One stater (no. 10 in the catalog) has a better title, 97.01%, compared to the other two (nos. 11-12 in the catalog), which have a gold content of 95.99% and 95.72%. All the Callatian staters were minted with the same re-engraved obverse die. In the beginning, staters were produced such as piece no. 10 of the catalog, subsequently, the die was modified by adding a new element (a rosette or a star) visible in the case of the two staters nos. 11 and 12. As for dating, both the Callatian and Tomitan staters from the Maria and dr. George Severeanu collection were put into circulation in the 1st century BC, especially during the Mithridatic wars, but not later than the years 72/71. BC. The last item in the Maria and dr. George Severeanu collection is a stater struck by Istros, with a trident, IΣ and ΔI on the reverse. From a stylistic point of view, the coin seems to be authentic, but the weight is too high, 8.97 g, and shows a low gold content (87.79%), indicating rather a very well made fake. There are discussions on the two series of staters with ΔI on the reverse struck by Istros and which, based on an inscription, were assigned to Diogenes strategist and dated 91-89 BC and 89-86 BC respectively. Attention must be brought to the fact that the dating of the inscription is not certain and the episode described, the arrest of the Istrian embassy by Byzantion, could have taken place after the Second Mithridatic War (83-81 BC), but not later than 75 BC.
MATERIALE ŞI CERCETĂRI ARHEOLOGICE (serie nouă), XV, 2019, p. 157–169, 2019
In the present article, 22 coins resulting from the archaeological research in Sector A from Trop... more In the present article, 22 coins resulting from the archaeological research in Sector A from Tropaeum Traiani (Adamclisi, Constanţa County) archaeological site are analysed; among them 17 are from the Late Roman period while five are Byzantine, dated to the 6 th century AD. All the above-mentioned coins were excavated between 2005 and 2016.
Keywords: Tropaeum Traiani, Sector A, Roman and Byzantine coins
Autorii prezintă un lot de 22 de monede descoperite în perioada 2005-2016 pe şantierul arheologic Tropaeum Traiani (Adamclisi, judeţul Constanţa); 17 monede sunt datate în epoca romană târzie, iar cinci sunt bizantine, datate în secolul al VI-lea.
Cuvinte-cheie: Tropaeum Traiani, Sectorul A, monede romane şi bizantine
L'auteur présente 16 monnaies byzantines en or des VI ème -XIII ème siècles trouvées en Dobroudja... more L'auteur présente 16 monnaies byzantines en or des VI ème -XIII ème siècles trouvées en Dobroudja. Quatorze pièces sont conservées au Cabinet des Médailles de la Bibliothèque de l'Académie Roumaine (n os 1-3, 5-6, 8-16) et deux pièces dans une collection privée (n os 4 et 7). On remarque deux tremissis d'Anastase I er et d'Héraclius (n os 1 et 2) provenant d'un trésor découvert dans la fortification romano-byzantine d'Axiopolis. Par rapport aux catalogues consultés, le tremissis frappé pour l'empereur Héraclius présente une variante de légende inconnue pour ce type de monnaie. Cette légende est utilisée seulement sur les solidi et les semisses émis au commencement du règne d'Héraclius. Le tremissis trouvé dans la fortification romano-byzantine d'Axiopolis peut être daté entre 610-613, complétant le tableau des émissions en or de cette période. Un solidus de Justinien I er (n o 9) a été trouvé à Mangalia, dép. de Constanţa. Un autre solidus émis par Justinien I er (n o 4) provient d'un trésor découvert dans le département de Constanţa. Deux solidi de Justin II (n o 5-6) et un solidus émis par Phocas (n o 7) frappés à Constantinople ont été trouvés dans des lieux indéterminés de la Dobroudja. Deux monnaies de type Constantin VII et Romain II (n o 8-11) ont été trouvées dans une localité indéterminée de la Dobroudja, à Mangalia ou dans ses environs. Les émissions de Basile II et Constantin VIII sont représentées par un nomisma tétartèron de type F2 (n o 12) découvert à Mangalia ou dans ses environs, dép. de Constanţa. Nous pouvons y ajouter un histaménon de Michel VII (n o 10) trouvé à Mangalia, dép. de Constanţa. En 1937 le Cabinet Numismatique de la Bibliothèque de l'Académie Roumaine a acheté à un habitant de la ville de Călăraşi deux hyperpères de type Jean III Vatatzes. Selon les données conservées au Cabinet, les pièces appartiennent à un trésor découvert en 1936 à Silistra (Bulgarie). Le trésor était formé d'environ 600-700 monnaies byzantines en or et de divers objets de parure dispersés après leur découverte. En 1958 la Bibliothèque de l'Académie Roumaine a acheté deux hyperpères de type Jean III Vatatzes provenant du trésor trouvé à Silistra. On a supposé que le trésor avait été enfoui dans les années 1300-1301, pendant la guerre entre Nogay et Tokta, le khan légitime de la Horde d'Or. En pesant les monnaies on a constaté qu'aucune n'avait été rognée après la frappe, comme c'est le cas des hyperpères des trésors enfouis vers la fin du XIII e siècle. En même temps, les deux pièces sans marque d'atelier sur le droit sont des émissions originales de l'atelier de Magnésie du temps de Jean III Vatatzes et non pas des imitations latines attribuées à l'Empire Latin de Constantinople ou aux Vénitiens. Les autres deux pièces, avec point au-dessus du trône, à droite, pourraient être des imitations frappées à l'époque de Jean III Vatatzes ou plus tard. Dans ces conditions on peut situer l'enfouissement du trésor entre 1241 et 1265, pendant les invasions mongoles ou dans le contexte de l'établissement du pouvoir de Nogay sur la région du Bas Danube. Un hyperpère de type Jean III Vatatzes (no 3) provient d'une découverte isolée à Constanţa, dép. de Constanţa. Mots clef : Dobroudja, monnaies byzantines, or Cuvinte cheie: Dobrogea, monede byzantine, aur
Cea dintâi informație referitoare la descoperirea în împrejurimile Galațiului a unui tezaur de st... more Cea dintâi informație referitoare la descoperirea în împrejurimile Galațiului a unui tezaur de stateri de aur apare într-o relatare publicată de Al. Papadopol-Callimah în Journal de Galatz, nr. 15 din 13 august 1872. Ministru al Cultelor și Instrucțiunii Publice (1868), membru al Societății Academice Române (1876) și vicepreședinte al Academiei Române, Al. Papadopol-Callimah a fost istoric, publicist și om politic, născut la Tecuci în 1833. A păstrat legătura cu locurile natale, ultimele clipe ale vieții petrecându-le la Tecuci. Dintre preocupările sale remarcăm publicarea unor lucrări care cuprind și istoria zonei de sud a Moldovei. Pasiunea pentru trecut este relevată de participarea la comisia înființată în scopul exploatării științifice a sitului arheologic de la Cucuteni, dar și de semnalarea unor descoperiri. În anul 1879 donează Academiei Române un stater de tip Alexandru cel Mare dintr-o descoperire făcută în împrejurimile orașului Galați. Cu acest prilej este menționat un alt stater de tip Alexandru cel Mare din aceeași descoperire, aflat în colecția Catinca Catargiu 1 . Din păcate, staterul donat Academiei Române de către Al. Papadopol-Callimah nu mai poate fi identificat în prezent din cauza amestecării colecțiilor plecate la Moscova în anul 1916 și a returnării lor fără informațiile privind proveniența pieselor. Despre soarta celei de-a doua piese aflată în colecția Catargiu nu avem nicio informație. Celor doi stateri li se adaugă alți trei achiziționați în anul 1961 de Cabinetul Numismatic al Bibliotecii Academiei Române de la Elix Hailpen din Galați și care fac parte din tezaurul menționat de Al. Papadopol-Callimah ca fiind descoperit în 1872 sau mai înainte de această dată. Tot din împrejurimile Galațiului, dar fără să fie precizată vreo legătură cu tezaurul de stateri, provine o drahmă histriană găsită în 1872 și aflată în 1885 în colecția lui Al. Papadopol-Callimah 2 . Descoperirea unui tezaur mixt alcătuit din stateri și drahme istriene, așa cum sugera B. Mitrea în 1971 3 , nu se confirmă. De altfel, într-un articol publicat ulterior, B. Mitrea menționează drahma istriană ca descoperire izolată din împrejurimile Galațiului 4 .
Revista de Cercetări Arheologice și Numismatice, 2021
The tell settlement from Gumelnița is the eponymous site of the Eneolithic civilization with the ... more The tell settlement from Gumelnița is the eponymous site of the Eneolithic civilization with the same name. It is probably the largest tells ettlement north of the Danube, and it belongs to the Kodjadermen-Gumelnița-Karanovo VI civilisation that occupied the Balkan area in the second half of the fifth millennium BC. During the 2021 fieldwork season, the research of the Gumelnița site continued, the present study presenting the preliminary interdisciplinary results. Rezumat: Așezarea de tip tell de la Gumelnița este situl eponim al civilizației eneolitice cu același nume. Aceasta este probabil cea mai mare așezare de tip tellde la nord de Dunăre și aparține complexului cultural Kodjadermen-Gumelnița-Karanovo VI care a ocupat zona Balcanică în a doua jumătate a mileniului al V-lea BC. În campania de teren din anul 2021, cercetarea sitului Gumelnița a continuat, studiul de față prezentând rezultatele interdisciplinare preliminare obținute.
The authors publish several Byzantine, medieval and modern coins discovered in 2021 in Buzău Coun... more The authors publish several Byzantine, medieval and modern coins discovered in 2021 in Buzău County. The oldest coin is a Byzantine solidus issued by Emperor Teophilus (829-842) found in the forest near the village of Spătaru, Costești commune. A Hungarian denarius struck by Vladislaus II at the mint in Kremnica (Körmöcbánya) in the years 1500-1502 was found in the forest near Sărulești commune. In the area of Pardoși, a șahi (dirhem) was discovered, issued by the mint in Erzurum during the reign of Sultan Murad III (1574-1595). Another șahi struck at Çança in the name of Sultan Murad III was found in the village of Lipia, Merei commune. In the forest near the village of Mierea, Vernești commune, a lion-thaler from the United Provinces of the Netherlands was discovered, issued in 1651 by Westfriesland. A coin hoard consisting of 57 Ottoman silver coins issued by sultans Abdülhamid I (1774 -1789) and Selim III (1789-1807) was found by chance near the village of Scărișoara, Cislău commune. Aspects of monetary circulation in the area of the Curvature Carpathians in the medieval period are discussed.
In 1928, in the village of Kalipetrovo, near Silistra, during agricultural works some inhabitants... more In 1928, in the village of Kalipetrovo, near Silistra, during agricultural works some inhabitants accidentally discovered a large treasure consisting of Byzantine gold coins, ingots and adornments weighing about 4 kg. Twenty-eight Byzantine gold coins from the treasure are preserved in the collections of the Vasile Pârvan Institute of Archaeology, with the following distribution by issuers: Basil II and Constantine VIII (2), Constantine IX Monomachos (5), Constantine X Doukas (4), Romanos IV Diogenes (10), Michael VII Doukas (6) and Alexius I Comnenos (1). The first information about the Kalipetrovo hoard was published in 1931, when the author of the article, George Severeanu, bought three more Byzantine gold coins and some adornments from the discoverers. The analysis of the adornments from a typological point of view, based on analogies with similar artifacts from the Balkans (Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania) and Hungary, indicates a chronology of them that can be extended from the end of the tenth century (ring and links hair) until the twelfth century (hair earrings and links). The moon-shaped pendant is the only piece that raises certain dating issues, at this time a very similar specimen dating to the 7th century, discovered at Sisak in Croatia, is known. The presence of the fragments of gold bars is not a very precise element of dating, at least for the current territory of Romania. Here, they were discovered rather in later hoards, such as at Streza-Cârțișoara, Amnaș or Mihail Kogălniceanu-Dealul Uzun Baiîr and less frequently in the early ones, such as the one from Răducăneni. The most recent coin from the discovery in Kalipetrovo, a hyperper from Alexius I struck after the reform of 1092/1093, indicates the hiding of the treasure in the context of the Cuman invasion of 1094.
Dobrogea. Coordonate istorice si arheologice, 2016
The authors present a hoard of 259 counterfeits after the Silver Ottoman akçe struck by Ahmed I. ... more The authors present a hoard of 259 counterfeits after the Silver Ottoman akçe struck by Ahmed I. The counterfeits were produced with three dies, two for Obverse and one for Reverse. According to Slobodan Srećković, the prototypes used for the Obverse dies were the Ottoman Silver coins with the Obverse type A and the Obverse type C. The Reverse die represent a copy after the Obverse A but without the father name Mehmed and adding the year 1012 written 1102. The hoard include 84 pieces (blanks) prepared for striking.
Revista de Cercetări Arheologice și Numismatice, 2020
The authors present a monetary hoard from the end of the 16th century discovered at Bora, Ialomiț... more The authors present a monetary hoard from the end of the 16th century discovered at Bora, Ialomița County. The hoard consists of 24 coins, four gold ducats from the Netherlands and Hungary and 20 large European silver coins struck in Austria, the Netherlands, Transylvania, various principalities and cities within the Roman-German Empire. The most recent coin, a gold ducat struck by Zeeland in 1595, shows that the treasure was hidden during the reign of Michael the Brave, in the context of the events that took place after the battle of Călugăreni. The analysis of the hoard suggests that the coins arrived in Wallachia rather by military means, for the payment of the soldiers.
A significant research about the Alexander type staters from Kallatis at the middle of the 3rd ce... more A significant research about the Alexander type staters from Kallatis at the middle of the 3rd century BC.
An interesting investigation to recovered data concerning an old hoard discovered more than one h... more An interesting investigation to recovered data concerning an old hoard discovered more than one hundred years ago in the ancient Tomis.
An interesting investigation to recover an old hoard of diobols from Apollonia Pontica and Mesemb... more An interesting investigation to recover an old hoard of diobols from Apollonia Pontica and Mesembria discovered in the ancient Tomis.
Revista de Cercetări Arheologice şi Numismatice, 2019
The authors publish 13 gold staters of Lysimachus type kept in the Maria and dr. George Severeanu... more The authors publish 13 gold staters of Lysimachus type kept in the Maria and dr. George Severeanu collection. Three pieces belong to the posthumous issues of the 3rd – 2nd centuries BC, while 10 items were minted by the Pontic cities Istros, Tomis and Kallatis in the context of the Mithridatic wars. The earliest Lysimachus type stater, with ΔI, but without a trident on the reverse, was attributed to the city of Byzantion in c. 255-c. 245 BC, in the context of the wars between Ptolemaic Egypt and the Seleucid Empire. On the side of the Ptolemies, the city of Byzantion carried out an active policy in the Pontic area during the 3rd century BC, putting into circulation an important volume of gold staters. In the years 255-254 BC, the written sources mention two events that could lead to the minting of the staters with ΔI at Byzantion: the siege of the city by Antioch II and the war with Callatis. The second stater from the Maria and dr. George Severeanu collection, with a trident, BY and the monogram on the reverse was issued by Byzantion in the years c. 175-150 BC. A posthumous stater of Lysimachus type (with TO, trident and AI on the reverse) minted at Tomis stands as proof of the ascension of this city in the second part of the 3rd century BC. Greek cities on the western coast of the Black Sea begin to mint staters of Lysimachus type following the model promoted by Byzantion. During this period, the importance of Tomis increases, which, at the beginning of the third Syrian war (246-241 BC), puts into circulation staters of Lysimachus type without trident on the reverse. Subsequently, Tomis struck staters of Lysimachus type with trident and AI on the reverse, probably for the purpose of hiring local mercenaries in the context of events happening in Thrace and Asia Minor in the years 230-c. 220 BC or later, towards the end of the 3rd century BC. Of the staters of Lysimachus type from the Maria and dr. George Severeanu collection, ten pieces are the latest issues put into circulation by Istros (1), Tomis (6) and Callatis (3). Regarding the Tomitan staters, it was found that two pieces with the ΘЄM were produced with the same obverse die and have a high gold content, 98.96% and 98.32%. Two other pieces, with the monogram, with the same obverse die, but different reverse dies, have a smaller title, 97.48% and 97.09%. The last two staters from Tomis, one with ΔIΟ on the reverse and the other with, have a gold content of 96.79% and 94.69%. A decrease in the title can also be seen in the case of the three Callatian staters, all with a trident in exergue, the monogram and the abbreviation KAΛ on the reverse. One stater (no. 10 in the catalog) has a better title, 97.01%, compared to the other two (nos. 11-12 in the catalog), which have a gold content of 95.99% and 95.72%. All the Callatian staters were minted with the same re-engraved obverse die. In the beginning, staters were produced such as piece no. 10 of the catalog, subsequently, the die was modified by adding a new element (a rosette or a star) visible in the case of the two staters nos. 11 and 12. As for dating, both the Callatian and Tomitan staters from the Maria and dr. George Severeanu collection were put into circulation in the 1st century BC, especially during the Mithridatic wars, but not later than the years 72/71. BC. The last item in the Maria and dr. George Severeanu collection is a stater struck by Istros, with a trident, IΣ and ΔI on the reverse. From a stylistic point of view, the coin seems to be authentic, but the weight is too high, 8.97 g, and shows a low gold content (87.79%), indicating rather a very well made fake. There are discussions on the two series of staters with ΔI on the reverse struck by Istros and which, based on an inscription, were assigned to Diogenes strategist and dated 91-89 BC and 89-86 BC respectively. Attention must be brought to the fact that the dating of the inscription is not certain and the episode described, the arrest of the Istrian embassy by Byzantion, could have taken place after the Second Mithridatic War (83-81 BC), but not later than 75 BC.
MATERIALE ŞI CERCETĂRI ARHEOLOGICE (serie nouă), XV, 2019, p. 157–169, 2019
In the present article, 22 coins resulting from the archaeological research in Sector A from Trop... more In the present article, 22 coins resulting from the archaeological research in Sector A from Tropaeum Traiani (Adamclisi, Constanţa County) archaeological site are analysed; among them 17 are from the Late Roman period while five are Byzantine, dated to the 6 th century AD. All the above-mentioned coins were excavated between 2005 and 2016.
Keywords: Tropaeum Traiani, Sector A, Roman and Byzantine coins
Autorii prezintă un lot de 22 de monede descoperite în perioada 2005-2016 pe şantierul arheologic Tropaeum Traiani (Adamclisi, judeţul Constanţa); 17 monede sunt datate în epoca romană târzie, iar cinci sunt bizantine, datate în secolul al VI-lea.
Cuvinte-cheie: Tropaeum Traiani, Sectorul A, monede romane şi bizantine
L'auteur présente 16 monnaies byzantines en or des VI ème -XIII ème siècles trouvées en Dobroudja... more L'auteur présente 16 monnaies byzantines en or des VI ème -XIII ème siècles trouvées en Dobroudja. Quatorze pièces sont conservées au Cabinet des Médailles de la Bibliothèque de l'Académie Roumaine (n os 1-3, 5-6, 8-16) et deux pièces dans une collection privée (n os 4 et 7). On remarque deux tremissis d'Anastase I er et d'Héraclius (n os 1 et 2) provenant d'un trésor découvert dans la fortification romano-byzantine d'Axiopolis. Par rapport aux catalogues consultés, le tremissis frappé pour l'empereur Héraclius présente une variante de légende inconnue pour ce type de monnaie. Cette légende est utilisée seulement sur les solidi et les semisses émis au commencement du règne d'Héraclius. Le tremissis trouvé dans la fortification romano-byzantine d'Axiopolis peut être daté entre 610-613, complétant le tableau des émissions en or de cette période. Un solidus de Justinien I er (n o 9) a été trouvé à Mangalia, dép. de Constanţa. Un autre solidus émis par Justinien I er (n o 4) provient d'un trésor découvert dans le département de Constanţa. Deux solidi de Justin II (n o 5-6) et un solidus émis par Phocas (n o 7) frappés à Constantinople ont été trouvés dans des lieux indéterminés de la Dobroudja. Deux monnaies de type Constantin VII et Romain II (n o 8-11) ont été trouvées dans une localité indéterminée de la Dobroudja, à Mangalia ou dans ses environs. Les émissions de Basile II et Constantin VIII sont représentées par un nomisma tétartèron de type F2 (n o 12) découvert à Mangalia ou dans ses environs, dép. de Constanţa. Nous pouvons y ajouter un histaménon de Michel VII (n o 10) trouvé à Mangalia, dép. de Constanţa. En 1937 le Cabinet Numismatique de la Bibliothèque de l'Académie Roumaine a acheté à un habitant de la ville de Călăraşi deux hyperpères de type Jean III Vatatzes. Selon les données conservées au Cabinet, les pièces appartiennent à un trésor découvert en 1936 à Silistra (Bulgarie). Le trésor était formé d'environ 600-700 monnaies byzantines en or et de divers objets de parure dispersés après leur découverte. En 1958 la Bibliothèque de l'Académie Roumaine a acheté deux hyperpères de type Jean III Vatatzes provenant du trésor trouvé à Silistra. On a supposé que le trésor avait été enfoui dans les années 1300-1301, pendant la guerre entre Nogay et Tokta, le khan légitime de la Horde d'Or. En pesant les monnaies on a constaté qu'aucune n'avait été rognée après la frappe, comme c'est le cas des hyperpères des trésors enfouis vers la fin du XIII e siècle. En même temps, les deux pièces sans marque d'atelier sur le droit sont des émissions originales de l'atelier de Magnésie du temps de Jean III Vatatzes et non pas des imitations latines attribuées à l'Empire Latin de Constantinople ou aux Vénitiens. Les autres deux pièces, avec point au-dessus du trône, à droite, pourraient être des imitations frappées à l'époque de Jean III Vatatzes ou plus tard. Dans ces conditions on peut situer l'enfouissement du trésor entre 1241 et 1265, pendant les invasions mongoles ou dans le contexte de l'établissement du pouvoir de Nogay sur la région du Bas Danube. Un hyperpère de type Jean III Vatatzes (no 3) provient d'une découverte isolée à Constanţa, dép. de Constanţa. Mots clef : Dobroudja, monnaies byzantines, or Cuvinte cheie: Dobrogea, monede byzantine, aur
Cea dintâi informație referitoare la descoperirea în împrejurimile Galațiului a unui tezaur de st... more Cea dintâi informație referitoare la descoperirea în împrejurimile Galațiului a unui tezaur de stateri de aur apare într-o relatare publicată de Al. Papadopol-Callimah în Journal de Galatz, nr. 15 din 13 august 1872. Ministru al Cultelor și Instrucțiunii Publice (1868), membru al Societății Academice Române (1876) și vicepreședinte al Academiei Române, Al. Papadopol-Callimah a fost istoric, publicist și om politic, născut la Tecuci în 1833. A păstrat legătura cu locurile natale, ultimele clipe ale vieții petrecându-le la Tecuci. Dintre preocupările sale remarcăm publicarea unor lucrări care cuprind și istoria zonei de sud a Moldovei. Pasiunea pentru trecut este relevată de participarea la comisia înființată în scopul exploatării științifice a sitului arheologic de la Cucuteni, dar și de semnalarea unor descoperiri. În anul 1879 donează Academiei Române un stater de tip Alexandru cel Mare dintr-o descoperire făcută în împrejurimile orașului Galați. Cu acest prilej este menționat un alt stater de tip Alexandru cel Mare din aceeași descoperire, aflat în colecția Catinca Catargiu 1 . Din păcate, staterul donat Academiei Române de către Al. Papadopol-Callimah nu mai poate fi identificat în prezent din cauza amestecării colecțiilor plecate la Moscova în anul 1916 și a returnării lor fără informațiile privind proveniența pieselor. Despre soarta celei de-a doua piese aflată în colecția Catargiu nu avem nicio informație. Celor doi stateri li se adaugă alți trei achiziționați în anul 1961 de Cabinetul Numismatic al Bibliotecii Academiei Române de la Elix Hailpen din Galați și care fac parte din tezaurul menționat de Al. Papadopol-Callimah ca fiind descoperit în 1872 sau mai înainte de această dată. Tot din împrejurimile Galațiului, dar fără să fie precizată vreo legătură cu tezaurul de stateri, provine o drahmă histriană găsită în 1872 și aflată în 1885 în colecția lui Al. Papadopol-Callimah 2 . Descoperirea unui tezaur mixt alcătuit din stateri și drahme istriene, așa cum sugera B. Mitrea în 1971 3 , nu se confirmă. De altfel, într-un articol publicat ulterior, B. Mitrea menționează drahma istriană ca descoperire izolată din împrejurimile Galațiului 4 .
The hoard discovered at Deduleşti (15th-17th centuries)
This paper refers to a coins hoard disco... more The hoard discovered at Deduleşti (15th-17th centuries)
This paper refers to a coins hoard discovered in Deduleşti, commune Topliceni, Buzǎu County in 1988. The 593 pieces are an excellent radiography of monetary circulation in Muntenia region in the middle of the seventeenth century, among them being coins of high value used for larger transactions and small coins required in daily transactions. Thus, Deduleşti hoard contains thalers struck in the Dutch provinces, Spain (including the colonies in America) and the Holy Roman Empire and also Hungarian denarii and Polish coins (½ groats, 3 groats and ¼ thaler). The hoard has no one Ottoman coin and the most probable this is a consequence of the monetary debasement in the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman government began to close down the mints and the volume of silver coin production declined significantly in the seventeenth century. The oldest pieces from Deduleşti hoard are Hungarian denarii struck in the second half of the fifteenth century. The latest coin of the hoard is a Dutch thaler issued in 1660. Most probable the hoard was buried during the revolt from Wallachia against Ottoman Empire in the years 1659/1660.
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Papers by Aurel Vilcu
A posthumous stater of Lysimachus type (with TO, trident and AI on the reverse) minted at Tomis stands as proof of the ascension of this city in the second part of the 3rd century BC. Greek cities on the western coast of the Black Sea begin to mint staters of Lysimachus type following the model promoted by Byzantion. During this period, the importance of Tomis increases, which, at the beginning of the third Syrian war (246-241 BC), puts into circulation staters of Lysimachus type without trident on the reverse. Subsequently, Tomis struck staters of Lysimachus type with trident and AI on the reverse, probably for the purpose of hiring local mercenaries in the context of events happening in Thrace and Asia Minor in the years 230-c. 220 BC or later, towards the end of the 3rd century BC.
Of the staters of Lysimachus type from the Maria and dr. George Severeanu collection, ten pieces are the latest issues put into circulation by Istros (1), Tomis (6) and Callatis (3). Regarding the Tomitan staters, it was found that two pieces with the ΘЄM were produced with the same obverse die and have a high gold content, 98.96% and 98.32%. Two other pieces, with the monogram, with the same obverse die, but different reverse dies, have a smaller title, 97.48% and 97.09%. The last two staters from Tomis, one with ΔIΟ on the reverse and the other with, have a gold content of 96.79% and 94.69%. A decrease in the title can also be seen in the case of the three Callatian staters, all with a trident in exergue, the monogram and the abbreviation KAΛ on the reverse. One stater (no. 10 in the catalog) has a better title, 97.01%, compared to the other two (nos. 11-12 in the catalog), which have a gold content of 95.99% and 95.72%. All the Callatian staters were minted with the same re-engraved obverse die. In the beginning, staters were produced such as piece no. 10 of the catalog, subsequently, the die was modified by adding a new element (a rosette or a star) visible in the case of the two staters nos. 11 and 12. As for dating, both the Callatian and Tomitan staters from the Maria and dr. George Severeanu collection were put into circulation in the 1st century BC, especially during the Mithridatic wars, but not later than the years 72/71. BC.
The last item in the Maria and dr. George Severeanu collection is a stater struck by Istros, with a trident, IΣ and ΔI on the reverse. From a stylistic point of view, the coin seems to be authentic, but the weight is too high, 8.97 g, and shows a low gold content (87.79%), indicating rather a very well made fake. There are discussions on the two series of staters with ΔI on the reverse struck by Istros and which, based on an inscription, were assigned to Diogenes strategist and dated 91-89 BC and 89-86 BC respectively. Attention must be brought to the fact that the dating of the inscription is not certain and the episode described, the arrest of the Istrian embassy by Byzantion, could have taken place after the Second Mithridatic War (83-81 BC), but not later than 75 BC.
Keywords: Tropaeum Traiani, Sector A, Roman and Byzantine coins
Autorii prezintă un lot de 22 de monede descoperite în perioada 2005-2016 pe şantierul arheologic Tropaeum Traiani (Adamclisi, judeţul Constanţa); 17 monede sunt datate în epoca romană târzie, iar cinci sunt bizantine, datate în secolul al VI-lea.
Cuvinte-cheie: Tropaeum Traiani, Sectorul A, monede romane şi bizantine
A posthumous stater of Lysimachus type (with TO, trident and AI on the reverse) minted at Tomis stands as proof of the ascension of this city in the second part of the 3rd century BC. Greek cities on the western coast of the Black Sea begin to mint staters of Lysimachus type following the model promoted by Byzantion. During this period, the importance of Tomis increases, which, at the beginning of the third Syrian war (246-241 BC), puts into circulation staters of Lysimachus type without trident on the reverse. Subsequently, Tomis struck staters of Lysimachus type with trident and AI on the reverse, probably for the purpose of hiring local mercenaries in the context of events happening in Thrace and Asia Minor in the years 230-c. 220 BC or later, towards the end of the 3rd century BC.
Of the staters of Lysimachus type from the Maria and dr. George Severeanu collection, ten pieces are the latest issues put into circulation by Istros (1), Tomis (6) and Callatis (3). Regarding the Tomitan staters, it was found that two pieces with the ΘЄM were produced with the same obverse die and have a high gold content, 98.96% and 98.32%. Two other pieces, with the monogram, with the same obverse die, but different reverse dies, have a smaller title, 97.48% and 97.09%. The last two staters from Tomis, one with ΔIΟ on the reverse and the other with, have a gold content of 96.79% and 94.69%. A decrease in the title can also be seen in the case of the three Callatian staters, all with a trident in exergue, the monogram and the abbreviation KAΛ on the reverse. One stater (no. 10 in the catalog) has a better title, 97.01%, compared to the other two (nos. 11-12 in the catalog), which have a gold content of 95.99% and 95.72%. All the Callatian staters were minted with the same re-engraved obverse die. In the beginning, staters were produced such as piece no. 10 of the catalog, subsequently, the die was modified by adding a new element (a rosette or a star) visible in the case of the two staters nos. 11 and 12. As for dating, both the Callatian and Tomitan staters from the Maria and dr. George Severeanu collection were put into circulation in the 1st century BC, especially during the Mithridatic wars, but not later than the years 72/71. BC.
The last item in the Maria and dr. George Severeanu collection is a stater struck by Istros, with a trident, IΣ and ΔI on the reverse. From a stylistic point of view, the coin seems to be authentic, but the weight is too high, 8.97 g, and shows a low gold content (87.79%), indicating rather a very well made fake. There are discussions on the two series of staters with ΔI on the reverse struck by Istros and which, based on an inscription, were assigned to Diogenes strategist and dated 91-89 BC and 89-86 BC respectively. Attention must be brought to the fact that the dating of the inscription is not certain and the episode described, the arrest of the Istrian embassy by Byzantion, could have taken place after the Second Mithridatic War (83-81 BC), but not later than 75 BC.
Keywords: Tropaeum Traiani, Sector A, Roman and Byzantine coins
Autorii prezintă un lot de 22 de monede descoperite în perioada 2005-2016 pe şantierul arheologic Tropaeum Traiani (Adamclisi, judeţul Constanţa); 17 monede sunt datate în epoca romană târzie, iar cinci sunt bizantine, datate în secolul al VI-lea.
Cuvinte-cheie: Tropaeum Traiani, Sectorul A, monede romane şi bizantine
This paper refers to a coins hoard discovered in
Deduleşti, commune Topliceni, Buzǎu County in 1988.
The 593 pieces are an excellent radiography of monetary
circulation in Muntenia region in the middle of the
seventeenth century, among them being coins of high value
used for larger transactions and small coins required in daily
transactions. Thus, Deduleşti hoard contains thalers struck in
the Dutch provinces, Spain (including the colonies in America)
and the Holy Roman Empire and also Hungarian denarii and
Polish coins (½ groats, 3 groats and ¼ thaler). The hoard has
no one Ottoman coin and the most probable this is a
consequence of the monetary debasement in the Ottoman
Empire. The Ottoman government began to close down the
mints and the volume of silver coin production declined
significantly in the seventeenth century. The oldest pieces from
Deduleşti hoard are Hungarian denarii struck in the second half
of the fifteenth century. The latest coin of the hoard is a Dutch
thaler issued in 1660. Most probable the hoard was buried
during the revolt from Wallachia against Ottoman Empire in
the years 1659/1660.