Papers by Miguel A Sanchez-Aleman
Pathogens
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease that has become a public health problem, especially in... more Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease that has become a public health problem, especially in vulnerable populations. A systematic review and time-free meta-analysis of the publications on the molecular detection of syphilis and mutations associated with antibiotic resistance, CORE group, and syphilis genotypes in PubMed databases, Scielo, and Cochrane was performed, and the last search was conducted in June 2022. Proportions were calculated, and standard errors and confidence intervals were reported for all results of interest. We included 41 articles for quantitative extraction and data synthesis. An increase was observed in the proportion of subjects diagnosed with syphilis and the presence of the A2058G mutation during the 2018–2021 period compared to 2006 (70% 95%CI 50–87 vs. 58% 95%CI 12–78), and we observed that the greater the proportion of the population participating in men who have sex with men (MSM) (<50% and >50%) syphilis increased (78% 95%CI 65–90 vs. 33% 95...
REVISTA BIOMÉDICA, 2011
Introducción. La interpretación médica de los datos de laboratorio clínico resulta ser un proceso... more Introducción. La interpretación médica de los datos de laboratorio clínico resulta ser un proceso fundamental para las decisiones clínicas sobre el paciente y se basan en la comparación de los resultados obtenidos frente al intervalo de referencia calculado dentro de la misma población considerada de referencia. Objetivo. Determinar los intervalos de referencia del perfil de lípidos en una población de trabajadores y estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), México. Materiales y Métodos. Se incluyeron 142 participantes sanos de entre 20 y 45 años; se determinaron las concentraciones de colesterol total, triglicéridos, HDL-colesterol y LDL-colesterol, mediante técnicas enzimáticas de punto final. Los intervalos de referencias se establecieron con base en métodos no paramétricos, dentro del percentil 2.5% y 97.5%. Resultados. Se obtuvieron los siguientes intervalos de referencia: colesterol total 90.0-208.3 mg/ dL (2.4-5.4 mmol/L); triglicéridos 40.7-215.8 m...
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Gaceta Médica de México, 2019
La sífilis congénita continúa siendo un problema de salud pública en México. Objetivo: Evaluar la... more La sífilis congénita continúa siendo un problema de salud pública en México. Objetivo: Evaluar las similitudes y diferencias entre normas nacionales, guías y documentos internacionales relacionados con la detección de sífilis en embarazadas y sífilis congénita. Método: Se elaboraron dos algoritmos basados en las normas sobre atención de la mujer durante el embarazo y sobre prevención y control de infecciones de transmisión sexual. A partir de la guía de Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) se realizaron algoritmos sobre sífilis durante el embarazo, sífilis en recién nacido y contactos sexuales. Resultados: La norma sobre embarazo menciona que la prueba de sífilis debe efectuarse a toda mujer embarazada en su primer contacto o durante el parto, sin especificar pruebas diagnósticas. La norma oficial mexicana (NOM) sobre infecciones de transmisión sexual menciona el algoritmo tradicional para detección de sífilis, seguimiento al tratamiento, coinfección con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana y criterios de sífilis congénita. CDC recomienda algoritmo reverso, título de anticuerpos, tratamiento y seguimiento como parte del diagnóstico. Conclusiones: La eliminación de la transmisión maternoinfantil de sífilis requiere actualizar y homogeneizar las NOM, así como el estudio de mortinatos y de recién nacidos de madres con sífilis.
Pathogens
Men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by syphilis, HIV, and syphilis/HI... more Men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by syphilis, HIV, and syphilis/HIV coinfection. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) prevents HIV transmission but does not impede the spread or acquisition of syphilis. Information about syphilis/HIV coinfection among MSM is scarce. We aimed to determine the prevalence of syphilis/HIV coinfection in a national sample of MSM who attend meeting places (such as movies, clubs, gay bars, saunas, shopping malls, and others referred to by the same MSM participants of the study) in Mexico to evaluate factors associated with syphilis, and to compare the prevalence rates of syphilis between the current survey and DGE data. We performed a laboratory diagnosis to determine the rates of syphilis and HIV among the included MSM. The national and regional prevalence of syphilis was calculated. HIV and coinfection prevalence were determined only for the survey. All prevalence rates included 95%CIs. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate anal...
Viruses, May 8, 2023
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Revista Chilena De Infectologia, Feb 1, 2022
Background: Chagas disease is a globally important chronic systemic parasitic infection caused by... more Background: Chagas disease is a globally important chronic systemic parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Aim: To determine the prevalence of antibodies against T. cruzi in pregnant women from the state of Morelos, México. Methods: 1,620 sera from pregnant women were analyzed using two serological tests: ELISAc (native crude antigen) and ELISAr (recombinant, non-native antigen). Reactive samples were subsequently analyzed by indirect hemagglutination (IHA). Two detection approaches were used, in parallel (reactive samples by any method are positive) and serial (samples confirmed by IHA are positive). Sociodemographic and health factors associated with the presence of antibodies against T. cruzi were evaluated using 95% odds ratios. Results: A seroprevalence of 4.87% was obtained with parallel diagnosis and 0.43% in series. From the parallel results, the women who were attended at the general hospitals of Tetecala and Jojutla had respectively 2.2 and 2.0 times greater chance of presenting antibodies against T. cruzi compared to the women who were attended at the General Hospital of Cuautla. Conclusion: The prevalence of antibodies against T. cruzi in pregnant women from the state of Morelos fluctuated between 0.43 and 4.87%, depending on the antigen and the approach used. It is necessary to continue with the surveillance of the seroprevalence of antibodies against T. cruzi in pregnant women from the state of Morelos, Mexico, using the techniques with the highest sensitivity and specificity available.
Vaccine, Sep 1, 2021
BACKGROUND Low vaccination rates and under-detection of pertussis infections in adolescents and y... more BACKGROUND Low vaccination rates and under-detection of pertussis infections in adolescents and young adults have an impact on the transmission of pertussis to infants. In this study, the proportion of adolescents and young adults with IgG antibodies against B. pertussis antigens, representing recent infection or vaccination, was estimated in a population-based probabilistic survey in Mexico. METHODS Sera and data from 1,581 subjects, including 1,102 adolescents and 479 young adults (10-19 and 20-25 years old, respectively) randomly selected from Mexico's 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey, were analyzed. IgG antibodies against pertussis toxin (PT) were measured with the CDC/FDA ELISA. A subset of 234 samples was additionally tested with Bp-IgG PT ELISA kit (EUROIMMUN AG, Lubeck, Germany). Threshold values from corresponding test kits were used to identify recent infection or vaccination. RESULTS Overall anti-PT IgG seroprevalence was 3.9% (95% CI: 2.3-6.3); 3.1% (95% CI: 1.9-5.0) in adolescents, and 4.9% (95% CI: 2.2-11) in young adults. Seroprevalence did not significantly vary by sex, socioeconomic status, region or rural/urban location. Compared to the CDC/FDA ELISA, the EUROIMMUN test showed a 76% sensitivity and 88% specificity. The weighted estimates represent a considerable burden of recent infection in adolescents and young adults; however, most adolescents and adults were seronegative and, therefore, susceptible to pertussis infection. CONCLUSION Since booster vaccination to B. pertussis after toddlerhood is not recommended in the Mexican national policy, anti-PT IgG seropositivity may be reasonably attributed to recent infection. Assessing pertussis seroprevalence requires careful consideration of the diagnostic test threshold interpretation and epidemiological model used.
Pathogens, Dec 15, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Revista panamericana de salud pública (Impresa), Apr 19, 2023
Determinar la prevalencia de anticuerpos contra Treponema pallidum y virus herpes simple tipo 2 (... more Determinar la prevalencia de anticuerpos contra Treponema pallidum y virus herpes simple tipo 2 (VHS-2), así como identificar los factores asociados a dichas infecciones entre migrantes en tránsito en Chiapas, México. Métodos. Estudio transversal realizado durante 2021-2022, en tres albergues para migrantes en Chiapas, México. Las personas contestaron un cuestionario y proporcionaron una muestra de sangre para la detección de anticuerpos contra Treponema pallidum y VHS-2. Se calculó la seroprevalencia y se evaluaron los factores asociados mediante pruebas de χ 2 y razones de momios. Resultados. Participaron 462 migrantes, con edad promedio de 31,2 años, 56,9 % eran mujeres, 41,1 % provenían de Honduras. La seroprevalencia de VHS-2 fue 29,9 % mientras que la de sífilis fue 4,5 %, siendo mayor en hombres (8,0 %) que en mujeres (1,9 %). El 15,4 % de las embarazadas presentaban anticuerpos contra sífilis. Entre las variables asociadas a sífilis destacan el ser hombre, antecedente de lesiones genitales, así como tener parejas del mismo sexo y la seropositividad a VHS-2. Con relación al VHS-2, factores como ser mujer, edad, escolaridad, dormir en la calle, antecedente de prueba de VIH, debut sexual temprano, número de parejas sexuales y sífilis estuvieron asociados a la infección. Conclusiones. Se encontró una prevalencia elevada de sífilis y VHS-2 entre la población migrante evaluada. La sífilis se confirma como una infección reemergente, incluso en las mujeres. Los migrantes presenta vulnerabilidades asociadas al comportamiento sexual, por lo que se deben enfocar medidas de prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento para este grupo poblacional. Palabras clave Migrantes; sífilis; herpes genital; seroprevalencia; México. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los términos de la licencia Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO, que permite su uso, distribución y reproducción en cualquier medio, siempre que el trabajo original se cite de la manera adecuada. No se permiten modificaciones a los artículos ni su uso comercial. Al reproducir un artículo no debe haber ningún indicio de que la OPS o el artículo avalan a una organización o un producto específico. El uso del logo de la OPS no está permitido. Esta leyenda debe conservarse, junto con la URL original del artículo. Crédito del logo y texto open access: PLoS, bajo licencia Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported. High seroprevalence of syphilis and genital herpes in migrants in transit in Chiapas, Mexico ABSTRACT Objectives. To determine the prevalence of antibodies against Treponema pallidum and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and to identify the factors associated with these infections among migrants in transit in Chiapas, Mexico. Methods. Cross-sectional study conducted during 2021-2022, in three migrant shelters in Chiapas, Mexico. Participants answered a questionnaire and provided a blood sample to detect antibodies against Treponema pallidum and HSV-2. The study calculated seroprevalence and assessed associated factors using Chi-square (χ 2) tests and odds ratios. Results. A total of 462 migrants participated, with an average age of 31.2 years; 56.9% were women, and 41.1% came from Honduras. The seroprevalence of HSV-2 was 29.9%; for syphilis it was 4.5%, and it was higher in men (8.0%) than in women (1.9%). Among pregnant women, 15.4% had antibodies against syphilis. Notable variables associated with syphilis include being male, having a history of genital lesions, having same-sex partners, and seropositivity to HSV-2. Regarding HSV-2, factors associated with infection included being female, age, schooling, sleeping in the street, a history of HIV testing, early sexual debut, number of sexual partners, and syphilis. Conclusions. A high prevalence of syphilis and HSV-2 was found among the migrant population evaluated. Syphilis is confirmed as a re-emerging infection, even in women. Migrants have vulnerabilities associated with sexual behavior, so prevention, diagnosis, and treatment measures should be focused on this population group.
Research Square (Research Square), Jun 17, 2021
Background Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection that is re-emerging in different parts of... more Background Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection that is re-emerging in different parts of the world. This infection can be transmitted during pregnancy causing neonatal syphilis. The objective of the study was to determine the trend of syphilis, congenital syphilis, and mortality from congenital syphilis among the Mexican population between the years 2010-2019. Methods We formed databases about the incidence of syphilis, the incidence of congenital syphilis, cases of congenital syphilis, and deaths of congenital syphilis using information from the Morbidity and Mortality Yearbooks and the Bulletin of the Mexican Ministry of Health, considering age, sex, the states of Mexico, and year. The trend was analyzed using linear regression, the increase was estimated with 95% con dence intervals, and p<0.05 was considered statistically signi cant. Results The incidence of syphilis increases on average 0.336 cases/100,000, being higher among women aged 15-19 years (0.693 cases). Congenital syphilis has grown, from 62 cases in the year 2010 to 372 cases in the year 2019; the cases of congenital syphilis have relation to the increase of syphilis among women aged 20-24 years. Fifty percent of the states of Mexico without cases of congenital syphilis in 2010, but only 10% in 2018. Between the years 2010 to 2017, 62 deaths from congenital syphilis were reported. Conclusion Congenital syphilis is increasing in Mexico, as a consequence of the reemergence of syphilis among the population of reproductive age, it is necessary to attend to syphilis in various population groups.
Gaceta Médica de México, 2019
La sífilis congénita continúa siendo un problema de salud pública en México. Objetivo: Evaluar la... more La sífilis congénita continúa siendo un problema de salud pública en México. Objetivo: Evaluar las similitudes y diferencias entre normas nacionales, guías y documentos internacionales relacionados con la detección de sífilis en embarazadas y sífilis congénita. Método: Se elaboraron dos algoritmos basados en las normas sobre atención de la mujer durante el embarazo y sobre prevención y control de infecciones de transmisión sexual. A partir de la guía de Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) se realizaron algoritmos sobre sífilis durante el embarazo, sífilis en recién nacido y contactos sexuales. Resultados: La norma sobre embarazo menciona que la prueba de sífilis debe efectuarse a toda mujer embarazada en su primer contacto o durante el parto, sin especificar pruebas diagnósticas. La norma oficial mexicana (NOM) sobre infecciones de transmisión sexual menciona el algoritmo tradicional para detección de sífilis, seguimiento al tratamiento, coinfección con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana y criterios de sífilis congénita. CDC recomienda algoritmo reverso, título de anticuerpos, tratamiento y seguimiento como parte del diagnóstico. Conclusiones: La eliminación de la transmisión maternoinfantil de sífilis requiere actualizar y homogeneizar las NOM, así como el estudio de mortinatos y de recién nacidos de madres con sífilis.
Vaccine, 2018
To describe hepatitis A virus (HAV) seroprevalence and associated factors in adolescents (10-19 y... more To describe hepatitis A virus (HAV) seroprevalence and associated factors in adolescents (10-19 years) and young adults (20-25 years) in different Mexican regions, using 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey data. A random selection of 1581 serum samples was analyzed. Weighted HAV seroprevalence with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) and its association with sociodemographic factors were estimated. Mean weighted HAV seroprevalence was 69.3% (95%CI: 64.8-73.4) overall, with 58.8% (95%CI: 53.4-64.1) in adolescents and 83.0% (95%CI: 75.3-88.7) in young adults. By age of 10, 46.7% (95%CI: 33.9-60.0) were seropositive and by age of 15, 52.8% (95%CI: 36.5-68.5), corresponding to intermediate endemicity nationally. Factors associated with HAV seropositivity (adjusted odds ratio, aOR) included: lower socioeconomic status (SES) (aOR = 4.09 for low and aOR = 2.31 for medium versus high SES), older age (aOR = 0.29 for adolescents versus young adults), living in the South (aOR = 2.12 versus Central Mexico) or in rural areas (aOR = 2.25 versus urban areas). Regional differences and increased seroprevalence of HAV in marginalized populations present an important public health issue, as a relatively large proportion of young adults are susceptible to infection. The burden of symptomatic disease must be addressed further to support specific programs of continued sanitation and education improvement, and the possibility of vaccination in more susceptible regions.
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 2018
Objectives: To estimate hepatitis B virus (HBV) seroprevalence from natural infection or vaccinat... more Objectives: To estimate hepatitis B virus (HBV) seroprevalence from natural infection or vaccination in 10-25-year-olds in Mexico, using the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT). Methods: Randomly selected serum samples (1,581) from adolescents and young adults, representative of 38,924,584 Mexicans, were analyzed to detect hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc). Weighted HBV seroprevalence in the Mexican population and association with sociodemographic variables were calculated. Results: Overall weighted seroprevalence from natural infection (positive for anti-HBs and anti-HBc) was 0.23% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.10-0.52). No HBsAg was detected, indicating no acute or chronic infection. Vaccine-derived immunity (positive ≥ 10.0 mIU/ml for anti-HBs and negative to anti-HBc) was 44.7% (95% CI: 40.2-49.4) overall; lower in persons aged 20-25 years (40.83%) than in persons aged 10-19 years (47.7%). Among the population analyzed, 54.2% (95% CI: 49.6-58.8) were seronegative to HBV (negative for all three markers) and no sociodemographic risk factors were identified. Conclusions: HBV seroprevalence from natural infection was low. Vaccination-induced immunity was higher among Mexican adolescents than young adults, possibly due to vaccination policies since 1999.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 2017
Background Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) seroprevalence and associated infection risk facto... more Background Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) seroprevalence and associated infection risk factors show differences by regions and countries. The aims of the study were to determine the HSV-2 seroprevalence and to evaluate the risk factors for HSV-2 in a national representative survey among adolescents and adults in Mexico. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in Mexico on the basis of the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012, a national representative survey. Demographic, sexual behavior, reproductive health, and lifestyles indicators were considered in the current study. Participants provided biological samples—dried blood spots—to test for HSV-2 antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify variables associated with HSV-2 infections analyzed by sex. Results National HSV-2 seroprevalence was 9.9%, 2.4% among adolescents and 11.7% among adults with HSV-2 seroprevalence heterogeneo...
Vaccines
Background: The reemergence of measles represents a public health problem. The aim of the study w... more Background: The reemergence of measles represents a public health problem. The aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against measles in children of three ethnic groups in southern Mexico and the nutritional status and demographic risk factors associated. Methods: A cross-sectional study in 416 school-age children, 207 belonging to the Tlapaneco ethnic group, 101 to the Mixteco group and 108 were considered Mestizo. Sociodemographic data were collected, an anthropometric evaluation of the children was performed and a fasting blood sample was obtained from each child for the measurement of measles IgG antibodies by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: From the total sample, 59% of the children were seropositive for IgG antibodies against measles; in contrast, 41% lacked IgG antibodies. Measles antibody seropositivity was higher in girls (64%). 90.5% of 6-year-old children had higher antibodies seroprevalence, compared to the children bet...
Salud Pública de México
Objective. To determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among healthcare workers (HCW) an... more Objective. To determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among healthcare workers (HCW) and to identify factors associated with infection. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a Covid-19 hospital in Morelos, Mexico. Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins were detected by ELISA. A bivariate and multivariable Poisson regression model were performed to identify factors associated with infection. Results. Among all participants, 31% had anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, while only 13.1% had reported a history of positive RT-PCR. Individuals who reported cohabiting with someone with Covid-19, and those who had a previous RT-PCR test, were more likely to be seropositive. Laboratory personnel had the lowest seroprevalence (12.0%), while social workers had the highest (35.7%). Conclusions. The results of this study show the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among HCW in a hospital in Mexico, and underline the importance of serologica...
Background. Syphilis has reemerged in many vulnerable groups around the world. The objective of t... more Background. Syphilis has reemerged in many vulnerable groups around the world. The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence and incidence of syphilis among people who attended a specialized HIV clinic in Mexico from 2011-2015.Methods. Databases from the laboratory were analyzed and four groups were formed: people seeking HIV-1 voluntary counseling and testing (VCT), people in prison (PPr), people living with HIV (PLWH) and patients from primary care clinics (others). Syphilis diagnosis was made using the reverse algorithm; antibody titers were examined to determine the stage of infection. Baseline data was analyzed, and with follow-up information, a retrospective dynamic cohort was formed. Factors associated with seroprevalence of syphilis and active syphilis were evaluated by the chi-square test. Moreover, risk factors for the incidence of syphilis were described. Results. A total of 81,863 baseline individuals were analyzed. Syphilis seroprevalence was 9.9% i...
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2021
Background HIV incidence can be estimated with cross-sectional studies using clinical, serologica... more Background HIV incidence can be estimated with cross-sectional studies using clinical, serological, and molecular data. Worldwide, HIV incidence data in only men who have sex with men (MSM) are scarce and principally focus on those with healthcare or under treatment. However, better estimates can be obtained through studies with national representativeness. The objective was to estimate the prevalence, incidence, and factors associated with acquiring HIV in a national sample of MSM who attend meeting places, considering geographical regions. Methods A nationally representative survey of MSM attending meeting places was performed in Mexico. Participants answered a questionnaire, and a dried blood spot (DBS) was collected. Samples were classified as recent infections using an algorithm with HIV status, antiretroviral therapy, and the result of BED-EIA assay. Parameters were analysed considering regions and demographic and sexual behaviour characteristics. Results The national HIV prev...
Salud Pública de México, 2017
Objetivo. Evaluar la prevalencia de anticuerpos antiparotiditis en niños y adolescentes de Méxic... more Objetivo. Evaluar la prevalencia de anticuerpos antiparotiditis en niños y adolescentes de México, a dos años de haberse introducido la vacuna SRP. Material y métodos. Se estudiaron 2 111 niños (1-9 años) y 2 484 adolescentes (10-19 años). Se evaluaron anticuerpos IgG con un kit comercial de ELISA indirecto. Resultados. La seroprevalencia fue 70.6% (IC95% 69.3-71.9) y resultó mayor en adolescentes (83.0%, IC95% 81.5-84.5) que en niños (56.0%, IC95% 53.9-58.11) (OR 3.83; IC95% 3.34-4.39, p=0.0000000). Los niños de 1 a 2 y de 6 a 9 años, que a partir de 1998 formaron parte del grupo blanco de vacunación vs parotiditis, tuvieron mayor seroprevalencia que el grupo de 3 a 5 años no vacunado. Conclusiones. La seropositividad en niños de 1 a 2 y de 6 a 9 años fue probablemente atribuible a vacunación durante 1998-2000 y la de otros grupos etarios a exposición natural relacionada con el tiempo transcurrido en cada cohorte de nacimientos hasta el reclutamiento al estudio
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Papers by Miguel A Sanchez-Aleman