One of the objectives of the National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Livestock Research ... more One of the objectives of the National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Livestock Research (INIFAP) is to promote and support the transfer of forestry, agricultural and livestock knowledge and technologies, according to the priority needs and demands of producers and society, as well as How to contribute to the training of human resources. To achieve this goal, according to Cadena et al 2015, INIFAP has implemented 14 technology transfer models, from those linear schemes from abroad, to participatory methods, such as the Livestock Groups Technology Validation and Transfer model (GGAVATT) and Experimental Producer, among others. He highlights that, in the southeastern region of Mexico, a paradigm shift has been marked with the Field Schools. Regarding this last model, this article describes the process by which the INIFAP research staff began to use the Field Schools model in the training of technicians and producers and the process of methodological adaptation to be used as a model of training, as well as some experiences of its use in different entities and contexts, and finally the perspectives that are displayed with its application.
O Objective: To validate the experimental results of corn (Zea mays L.) production under irrigati... more O Objective: To validate the experimental results of corn (Zea mays L.) production under irrigation during the 2019-2022 autumn-winter cycles. Design/Methodology/Approach: Six validation plots were established, three in the Cuxtepeques irrigation district and three in irrigation systems in Chiapas, Mexico. Results: Corn grain production is 64% higher with the INIFAP technology than the traditional methods; however, the average yield obtained in the validation phase (11.5 t ha-1) was lower than the yield of the experimental phase (15.9 t ha-1). Study Limitations/Implications: None. Findings/Conclusions: Production requires machinery for sowing and precision fertilization, efficient irrigation infrastructure, access to credit, and permanent technical assistance to achieve yields similar to those obtained in the experiment.
The study was carried out in a representative micro-basin of the ElTriunfo Biosphere Reserve (Res... more The study was carried out in a representative micro-basin of the ElTriunfo Biosphere Reserve (Reserva de la Biosfera El Triunfo, REBITRI),with the purpose of evaluating the situation present in the properties ofthe soils under three types of use. Eighty-three (83) sites were studied, ofwhich 49 were soils cultivated with Zea mays L.; the variables analyzedwere: soil acidity, organic matter, cationic exchange capacity (CEC),content of phosphorus, basic cations (Ca, K, Mg, Na), micronutrients (B,Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn), apparent density (g cm3-1), porosity (%), and speedof infiltration. They were determined and interpreted according to theNOM-021-SEMARNAT 2000 (DOF, 2002), while the physical propertieswere determined through the cylinder method recommended bythe Natural Resources Conservation Service of the United StatesDepartment of Agriculture (USDA, 1999); with these data, measuresof centrality and dispersion were obtained, through which hypothesistests were made, and correlation and re...
Objective: To characterize family production units (FPUs) to identify critical points for their a... more Objective: To characterize family production units (FPUs) to identify critical points for their activities and propose intervention strategies for them. Design/methodology/approach: The research took place at Yaxcabá municipality, state of Yucatán, Mexico. It is descriptive and its information obtained through 1) a questionnaire in a mobile application compatible with the Android operating system, structured by modules: producer data, FPU characteristics, crops, infrastructure, machinery, equipment, and marketing. The sample size was randomized with replacement, under the maximum variance condition, 2) assessment visits to the farmer’s plots and 3) participatory community diagnosis workshops. Results: The traditional milpa system was oriented to the cultivation of corn, beans and squash of creole origin, for consumption by the FPUs with minimum technologies usage. Through apiculture, producers obtain an economic resource to finance other activities, including those of the milpa. It ...
The main contributions that INIFAP has made in the transfer of technologies and knowledge, in sup... more The main contributions that INIFAP has made in the transfer of technologies and knowledge, in support of the rural population of Mexico, are presented, the most outstanding models within the national and international scope that researchers have put into operation and their main results are detailed. Undoubtedly, the institutional contributions to the programs of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development have marked a watershed between the traditional models or what "what occurred to him" to the researcher in contrast to the participatory and inclusive models to contribute to the substantial improvement of the productive processes, the family economy and for the agribusiness.
Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, 2021
El estado de Chiapas ubicado en el sureste de la República Mexicana cuenta con 58,129 ha para la ... more El estado de Chiapas ubicado en el sureste de la República Mexicana cuenta con 58,129 ha para la producción de maíz de riego, distribuidas entre cuatro distritos y unidades de riego. De estos, el Distrito de Riego Cuxtepeques en la región de La Frailesca Chiapas, principal zona productora de maíz, es el menos aprovechado. De una superficie de 8,354 ha únicamente se riega el 51% y lo mismo sucede con las unidades de riego, donde generalmente se riega sobre pastos nativos y una pequeña proporción para producción de maíz. Lo anterior es debido al bajo rendimiento y rentabilidad ocasionado por la falta de tecnología. Con el objetivo de generar tecnología conducente a incrementar el rendimiento de maíz de riego se estudió la respuesta de seis híbridos a la aplicación de cinco dosis de N-P-K, densidad de población (D), dos fechas de siembra y dos aportes de riego en dos experimentos de campo en el ciclo otoño invierno 2017-2018 en la región Frailesca, Chiapas. Se estableció un diseño de P...
Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, 2021
La avicultura de traspatio representa para los habitantes rurales de Chiapas, una importante estr... more La avicultura de traspatio representa para los habitantes rurales de Chiapas, una importante estrategia de autoabasto de proteína animal que fortalece la subsistencia de sus familias, dentro de un contexto socioeconómico desfavorable. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo conocer y destacar las principales estrategias de la avicultura de traspatio realizadas por las productoras de la localidad Nueva Libertad del municipio de La Concordia, Chiapas. Se concluye que las productoras recurren a siete estrategias que permiten dar continuidad a esta actividad socioproductiva, que ostenta un gran arraigo y tradición, mismas que fortalecen las redes sociales comunitarias, aseguran una mejora en la alimentación de la familia y permiten generar ingresos derivados de la venta de excedentes.
La eterna discusión de que método usar cuando se inicia una investigación, no ha llegado a su fin... more La eterna discusión de que método usar cuando se inicia una investigación, no ha llegado a su fin, dado que las ciencias duras o exactas exponen que el rigor científico debe llevar una serie de pasos secuenciados hasta aceptar o no aceptar una hipótesis, en tanto que las ciencias filosóficas privilegian el uso de herramientas y técnicas basadas en la etnografía para tratar de entender el fenómeno y el objeto de la investigación, en razón de ello este ensayo pretende ayudar a los jóvenes investigadores a tener mayor claridad en cuanto a seleccionar su método de evaluación en una investigación, sin ser excluyente un método del otro, sino más bien complementarios.
Objetivo: El presente trabajo tuvo como finalidad el análisis de la rentabilidad y competitividad... more Objetivo: El presente trabajo tuvo como finalidad el análisis de la rentabilidad y competitividad de cinco cultivos para ver la viabilidad económica, y poder recomendar a los productores la mejor opción para la reconversión productiva desde el punto de vista económico. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Se establecieron cinco paquetes tecnológicos de los cultivos de frijol, maíz, higuerilla, sorgo y jamaica, los cuales sirvieron como insumos de información para el análisis económico. A través de la metodología de matriz de análisis de políticas, se diseñan tres bases de datos relacionadas entre sí para la obtención de ganancias, ingreso, costo, relación beneficio costo, valor agregado, consumo intermedio y relación de costo privado para definir la rentabilidad y competitividad de los cultivos analizados. Se trabaja con precios corrientes o de mercado y con el primer renglón de la matriz de análisis de políticas. Resultados: De los resultados obtenidos el frijol presentó una ganancia...
International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Bioresearch, 2019
The small farmers that operate in a production unit environment are linked in some way to the mar... more The small farmers that operate in a production unit environment are linked in some way to the market where they place their generated products after covering their consumption, obtaining monetary income that allows them to acquire goods and services that they do not produce in their production unit. As this link strengthens, small producers can increase their income and therefore have better conditions to get out of poverty and marginalization. One way to measure this link is through the competitiveness index called Private Cost Ratio (CPR). The objective of this work was to use this indicator as a measure of the competitiveness of marginalized production units, in order to identify their positioning on the competitiveness scale and explain the reasons for such situation. Information was collected from 60 rural production units of the municipality of San Jacinto Tlacotepec, Oaxaca, Mexico through a questionnaire designed exprofeso and the procedure called income analysis was applied to obtain intermediate indicators such as Net Value Added and Cost of Internal Factors, with both Indicators CPR was obtained for each production unit. The results indicated that it is feasible to use CPR as a measure of competitiveness in rural production units and its greatest utility is that it allowed them to be classified into three categories: non-competitive, competitive and competitive. The main challenge in terms of policy towards this sector is to help UPRs in the process of competitiveness that meant 82% of the production units studied, to climb to the category of competitiveness that meant only 6%, which means that Achieve a positive Net Added Value higher than the Cost of the Internal Factors and this is only achieved by strengthening the market link, in parallel the inverse relationship between the sales and competitiveness variables was confirmed, so it was confirmed that the market is the only way to achieve increased competitiveness.
Objective. To evaluate the agronomic behavior of corn (Zea mays L.) experimental genotypes in thr... more Objective. To evaluate the agronomic behavior of corn (Zea mays L.) experimental genotypes in three contrasting environments in the Central region of Chiapas, Mexico. Design / methodology / approach. The experiments took place during the 2016 spring-summer agricultural cycle at Francisco Villa, Villaflores (730 m); San Luis, Suchiapa (600 m) and Ocozocoautla (800 m), at the Central region in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. At the three assessed sites, the climate is warm subhumid with rains in summer and intra-stival drought during the second half of July and the first half of August. The genotypes XT-5614, XT-3402, XT-5610, XT-5612, XT-5627, and BG7415W from the Biogene Company were evaluated, which are used in commercial crops at the Center of Chiapas. All genotypes showed viability greater than 90%. Three experimental sites were evaluated, in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The experimental unit consisted of four 5 m long rows 0.8 m apart. The useful plot...
Objetivo: evaluar variedades de sorgo dulce (Sorghum bicolor L.) por su contenido de azúcares y e... more Objetivo: evaluar variedades de sorgo dulce (Sorghum bicolor L.) por su contenido de azúcares y estabilidad en ambientes diferentes. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Los experimentos se establecieron en las localidades de Ocozocoautla y Suchiapa del Centro de Chiapas durante los años 2015, 2016 y 2017. Se evaluaron las variedades RB-Cañaveral, RB-Tehua, RB-Cañero, RB-Huasteco, RB-Norteño, RB-Paloma y Fortuna, bajo el diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Se cuantificó el contenido de azúcares (°Brix) en las etapas fenológicas de floración y madurez fisiológica del grano. Se realizó un análisis de varianza combinado. La interacción genotipo ambiente y la estabilidad de la producción de azúcares se modeló con el método de regresión en los sitios (SREG). Resultados: El análisis de varianza mostró diferencias altamente significativas (P<0.01) entre los ambientes, variedades y para la interacción genotipo x ambiente. En la etapa de floración destac...
One of the objectives of the National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Livestock Research ... more One of the objectives of the National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Livestock Research (INIFAP) is to promote and support the transfer of forestry, agricultural and livestock knowledge and technologies, according to the priority needs and demands of producers and society, as well as How to contribute to the training of human resources. To achieve this goal, according to Cadena et al 2015, INIFAP has implemented 14 technology transfer models, from those linear schemes from abroad, to participatory methods, such as the Livestock Groups Technology Validation and Transfer model (GGAVATT) and Experimental Producer, among others. He highlights that, in the southeastern region of Mexico, a paradigm shift has been marked with the Field Schools. Regarding this last model, this article describes the process by which the INIFAP research staff began to use the Field Schools model in the training of technicians and producers and the process of methodological adaptation to be used as a model of training, as well as some experiences of its use in different entities and contexts, and finally the perspectives that are displayed with its application.
O Objective: To validate the experimental results of corn (Zea mays L.) production under irrigati... more O Objective: To validate the experimental results of corn (Zea mays L.) production under irrigation during the 2019-2022 autumn-winter cycles. Design/Methodology/Approach: Six validation plots were established, three in the Cuxtepeques irrigation district and three in irrigation systems in Chiapas, Mexico. Results: Corn grain production is 64% higher with the INIFAP technology than the traditional methods; however, the average yield obtained in the validation phase (11.5 t ha-1) was lower than the yield of the experimental phase (15.9 t ha-1). Study Limitations/Implications: None. Findings/Conclusions: Production requires machinery for sowing and precision fertilization, efficient irrigation infrastructure, access to credit, and permanent technical assistance to achieve yields similar to those obtained in the experiment.
The study was carried out in a representative micro-basin of the ElTriunfo Biosphere Reserve (Res... more The study was carried out in a representative micro-basin of the ElTriunfo Biosphere Reserve (Reserva de la Biosfera El Triunfo, REBITRI),with the purpose of evaluating the situation present in the properties ofthe soils under three types of use. Eighty-three (83) sites were studied, ofwhich 49 were soils cultivated with Zea mays L.; the variables analyzedwere: soil acidity, organic matter, cationic exchange capacity (CEC),content of phosphorus, basic cations (Ca, K, Mg, Na), micronutrients (B,Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn), apparent density (g cm3-1), porosity (%), and speedof infiltration. They were determined and interpreted according to theNOM-021-SEMARNAT 2000 (DOF, 2002), while the physical propertieswere determined through the cylinder method recommended bythe Natural Resources Conservation Service of the United StatesDepartment of Agriculture (USDA, 1999); with these data, measuresof centrality and dispersion were obtained, through which hypothesistests were made, and correlation and re...
Objective: To characterize family production units (FPUs) to identify critical points for their a... more Objective: To characterize family production units (FPUs) to identify critical points for their activities and propose intervention strategies for them. Design/methodology/approach: The research took place at Yaxcabá municipality, state of Yucatán, Mexico. It is descriptive and its information obtained through 1) a questionnaire in a mobile application compatible with the Android operating system, structured by modules: producer data, FPU characteristics, crops, infrastructure, machinery, equipment, and marketing. The sample size was randomized with replacement, under the maximum variance condition, 2) assessment visits to the farmer’s plots and 3) participatory community diagnosis workshops. Results: The traditional milpa system was oriented to the cultivation of corn, beans and squash of creole origin, for consumption by the FPUs with minimum technologies usage. Through apiculture, producers obtain an economic resource to finance other activities, including those of the milpa. It ...
The main contributions that INIFAP has made in the transfer of technologies and knowledge, in sup... more The main contributions that INIFAP has made in the transfer of technologies and knowledge, in support of the rural population of Mexico, are presented, the most outstanding models within the national and international scope that researchers have put into operation and their main results are detailed. Undoubtedly, the institutional contributions to the programs of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development have marked a watershed between the traditional models or what "what occurred to him" to the researcher in contrast to the participatory and inclusive models to contribute to the substantial improvement of the productive processes, the family economy and for the agribusiness.
Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, 2021
El estado de Chiapas ubicado en el sureste de la República Mexicana cuenta con 58,129 ha para la ... more El estado de Chiapas ubicado en el sureste de la República Mexicana cuenta con 58,129 ha para la producción de maíz de riego, distribuidas entre cuatro distritos y unidades de riego. De estos, el Distrito de Riego Cuxtepeques en la región de La Frailesca Chiapas, principal zona productora de maíz, es el menos aprovechado. De una superficie de 8,354 ha únicamente se riega el 51% y lo mismo sucede con las unidades de riego, donde generalmente se riega sobre pastos nativos y una pequeña proporción para producción de maíz. Lo anterior es debido al bajo rendimiento y rentabilidad ocasionado por la falta de tecnología. Con el objetivo de generar tecnología conducente a incrementar el rendimiento de maíz de riego se estudió la respuesta de seis híbridos a la aplicación de cinco dosis de N-P-K, densidad de población (D), dos fechas de siembra y dos aportes de riego en dos experimentos de campo en el ciclo otoño invierno 2017-2018 en la región Frailesca, Chiapas. Se estableció un diseño de P...
Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, 2021
La avicultura de traspatio representa para los habitantes rurales de Chiapas, una importante estr... more La avicultura de traspatio representa para los habitantes rurales de Chiapas, una importante estrategia de autoabasto de proteína animal que fortalece la subsistencia de sus familias, dentro de un contexto socioeconómico desfavorable. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo conocer y destacar las principales estrategias de la avicultura de traspatio realizadas por las productoras de la localidad Nueva Libertad del municipio de La Concordia, Chiapas. Se concluye que las productoras recurren a siete estrategias que permiten dar continuidad a esta actividad socioproductiva, que ostenta un gran arraigo y tradición, mismas que fortalecen las redes sociales comunitarias, aseguran una mejora en la alimentación de la familia y permiten generar ingresos derivados de la venta de excedentes.
La eterna discusión de que método usar cuando se inicia una investigación, no ha llegado a su fin... more La eterna discusión de que método usar cuando se inicia una investigación, no ha llegado a su fin, dado que las ciencias duras o exactas exponen que el rigor científico debe llevar una serie de pasos secuenciados hasta aceptar o no aceptar una hipótesis, en tanto que las ciencias filosóficas privilegian el uso de herramientas y técnicas basadas en la etnografía para tratar de entender el fenómeno y el objeto de la investigación, en razón de ello este ensayo pretende ayudar a los jóvenes investigadores a tener mayor claridad en cuanto a seleccionar su método de evaluación en una investigación, sin ser excluyente un método del otro, sino más bien complementarios.
Objetivo: El presente trabajo tuvo como finalidad el análisis de la rentabilidad y competitividad... more Objetivo: El presente trabajo tuvo como finalidad el análisis de la rentabilidad y competitividad de cinco cultivos para ver la viabilidad económica, y poder recomendar a los productores la mejor opción para la reconversión productiva desde el punto de vista económico. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Se establecieron cinco paquetes tecnológicos de los cultivos de frijol, maíz, higuerilla, sorgo y jamaica, los cuales sirvieron como insumos de información para el análisis económico. A través de la metodología de matriz de análisis de políticas, se diseñan tres bases de datos relacionadas entre sí para la obtención de ganancias, ingreso, costo, relación beneficio costo, valor agregado, consumo intermedio y relación de costo privado para definir la rentabilidad y competitividad de los cultivos analizados. Se trabaja con precios corrientes o de mercado y con el primer renglón de la matriz de análisis de políticas. Resultados: De los resultados obtenidos el frijol presentó una ganancia...
International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Bioresearch, 2019
The small farmers that operate in a production unit environment are linked in some way to the mar... more The small farmers that operate in a production unit environment are linked in some way to the market where they place their generated products after covering their consumption, obtaining monetary income that allows them to acquire goods and services that they do not produce in their production unit. As this link strengthens, small producers can increase their income and therefore have better conditions to get out of poverty and marginalization. One way to measure this link is through the competitiveness index called Private Cost Ratio (CPR). The objective of this work was to use this indicator as a measure of the competitiveness of marginalized production units, in order to identify their positioning on the competitiveness scale and explain the reasons for such situation. Information was collected from 60 rural production units of the municipality of San Jacinto Tlacotepec, Oaxaca, Mexico through a questionnaire designed exprofeso and the procedure called income analysis was applied to obtain intermediate indicators such as Net Value Added and Cost of Internal Factors, with both Indicators CPR was obtained for each production unit. The results indicated that it is feasible to use CPR as a measure of competitiveness in rural production units and its greatest utility is that it allowed them to be classified into three categories: non-competitive, competitive and competitive. The main challenge in terms of policy towards this sector is to help UPRs in the process of competitiveness that meant 82% of the production units studied, to climb to the category of competitiveness that meant only 6%, which means that Achieve a positive Net Added Value higher than the Cost of the Internal Factors and this is only achieved by strengthening the market link, in parallel the inverse relationship between the sales and competitiveness variables was confirmed, so it was confirmed that the market is the only way to achieve increased competitiveness.
Objective. To evaluate the agronomic behavior of corn (Zea mays L.) experimental genotypes in thr... more Objective. To evaluate the agronomic behavior of corn (Zea mays L.) experimental genotypes in three contrasting environments in the Central region of Chiapas, Mexico. Design / methodology / approach. The experiments took place during the 2016 spring-summer agricultural cycle at Francisco Villa, Villaflores (730 m); San Luis, Suchiapa (600 m) and Ocozocoautla (800 m), at the Central region in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. At the three assessed sites, the climate is warm subhumid with rains in summer and intra-stival drought during the second half of July and the first half of August. The genotypes XT-5614, XT-3402, XT-5610, XT-5612, XT-5627, and BG7415W from the Biogene Company were evaluated, which are used in commercial crops at the Center of Chiapas. All genotypes showed viability greater than 90%. Three experimental sites were evaluated, in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The experimental unit consisted of four 5 m long rows 0.8 m apart. The useful plot...
Objetivo: evaluar variedades de sorgo dulce (Sorghum bicolor L.) por su contenido de azúcares y e... more Objetivo: evaluar variedades de sorgo dulce (Sorghum bicolor L.) por su contenido de azúcares y estabilidad en ambientes diferentes. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Los experimentos se establecieron en las localidades de Ocozocoautla y Suchiapa del Centro de Chiapas durante los años 2015, 2016 y 2017. Se evaluaron las variedades RB-Cañaveral, RB-Tehua, RB-Cañero, RB-Huasteco, RB-Norteño, RB-Paloma y Fortuna, bajo el diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Se cuantificó el contenido de azúcares (°Brix) en las etapas fenológicas de floración y madurez fisiológica del grano. Se realizó un análisis de varianza combinado. La interacción genotipo ambiente y la estabilidad de la producción de azúcares se modeló con el método de regresión en los sitios (SREG). Resultados: El análisis de varianza mostró diferencias altamente significativas (P<0.01) entre los ambientes, variedades y para la interacción genotipo x ambiente. En la etapa de floración destac...
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