Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles, 2003
The purpose of this study was to compare the concepts related to formal wear and casual wear, the... more The purpose of this study was to compare the concepts related to formal wear and casual wear, the expression image far formal wear and casual wear, the criteria for clothing selection, the most appropriate clothing for the specific situation, the price range, the kinds of accessories matched with clothing, the time for purchase, the patronage site, and the appropriate colors fur formal wear and casual wear. The total of 396 consumers, 20s' and 40s' female consumers in Korea and America were sampled in both countries. The sampling places were college campus, business district, department stores, and shopping mall in Seoul and Columbus, Ohio. Formal wear and casual wear were selected as survey items. The results showed that the consumers in both countries revealed emic and etic phenomena. Based on the results of this survey, the fundamental information and implications for clothing shopping behaviors in Korea and America can be provided.
This research provides a comprehensive descriptive content analysis of empirical research focused... more This research provides a comprehensive descriptive content analysis of empirical research focused on muscularity and published in refereed journals from 2000 through 2019. This article presents the first part of a two-part series. In this part, the research aims were to characterize the research on muscularity with respect to the methods of inquiry and participant demographics. Specific research questions were: what methods of inquiry (e.g. research strategy, data analyses, sampling, use of hypotheses) describe this research? And what demographics describe the participants in this research? Multiple databases were searched to locate relevant research. This search resulted in 176 empirical articles published in English that contained 203 studies. The descriptive content analysis revealed that researchers primarily conducted cross-sectional research using survey methodology and intermediate levels of statistical analysis. Research questions/hypotheses were often absent. About three ti...
Women and girls are depicted in revealing dress in the media and the depictions and their consequ... more Women and girls are depicted in revealing dress in the media and the depictions and their consequences have been studied by researchers from a variety of disciplines
Abstract Addressing the growing adoption of Black Friday (BF) promotions and related BF misbehavi... more Abstract Addressing the growing adoption of Black Friday (BF) promotions and related BF misbehavior in the US and elsewhere, we examined the mechanism by which emotions, self-control, and public self-consciousness impact BF consumer misbehavior. We also investigated to what extent women and men differ with regard to how these variables affect misbehavior on BF. Student participants were former in-store BF shoppers (n = 411) who completed an online questionnaire. Emotions evoked via scenarios simulating realistic BF shopping situations affected the likelihood of engaging in BF misbehavior for both men and women. Both negative emotion (anger) and positive emotion (thrill) increased the likelihood of misbehaving on BF. There were sex differences in how self-control and public self-consciousness impacted BF misbehavior. For men, self-control had both a direct and moderating effect on the likelihood of BF misbehavior, but it had no impact on women. Self-control reduced men’s likelihood of misbehavior despite anger aroused on BF. For women, public self-consciousness moderated how anger affected misbehavior likelihood, but not for men. Findings offer new insights into factors fueling and inhibiting potential misbehavior on BF.
Many luxury firms have successfully adopted online sales and online sales growth has outperformed... more Many luxury firms have successfully adopted online sales and online sales growth has outperformed offline sales growth. As online luxury sales continue to grow, service expectations in digital and instore channels are also expected to grow. To add to the research literature, the top performing 46 luxury apparel and accessories websites identified in the Luxury e-Commerce Report from Internet Retailer were content analyzed to determine the state of the art in top performing luxury retail websites in providing needed information (international customer service attributes). Those top performing websites were then compared to 44 randomly selected similar websites on the same attributes to determine how the two groups of websites compared in terms of international customer service attributes. Although top performing luxury retail websites are providing important customer service information that facilitates online purchasing, there is room for improvement. In comparing the two groups of ...
The Chinese market is attractive to foreign-brand apparel manufacturers who have increasing acces... more The Chinese market is attractive to foreign-brand apparel manufacturers who have increasing access to the market as China’s economy has undergone a major transformation from a centrally planned to a market economy and has experienced continued growth. Because of China’s current economic transition and its status as a developing country, the channels for distributing foreign-brand apparel products to Chinese retailers presents special obstacles that foreigners may not anticipate. We detail the distribution channels for foreign-brand apparel in the Chinese market and identify problems in the channels. Because the Chinese government intervenes in the distribution channels in China, the role of the government in apparel distribution channels was also investigated. In-depth interviews were conducted with nine apparel retailers, three government officials, and one foreign-trade agent. Additionally, we surveyed 150 Beijing retailers who sell foreign-brand apparel. Contributions to the rese...
There were two objectives of this study: (a) to test the cross-cultural applicability of the Fish... more There were two objectives of this study: (a) to test the cross-cultural applicability of the Fishbein Behavioral Intentional Model by studying Chinese consumers’ purchase intentions for apparel made in the United States and (b) to examine whether culture could enhance the validity of the model. Parents (N = 2,017) of students in the public school systems of Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou completed usable questionnaires. Attitude toward purchasing apparel made in the United States (Ab) significantly influenced Chinese purchase intentions for that apparel (BI), but subjective norms (SN) did not. The validity of the Fishbein model may be product dependent, with culturally symbolic products influenced by both attitude and subjective norm, and products less culturally symbolic influenced only by attitudes. Adding cultural components to the Fishbein model enhanced its ability to explain purchase intentions.
This is the first of two articles in which we argue that textiles and clothing research has relev... more This is the first of two articles in which we argue that textiles and clothing research has relevance for the legal system in the United States in several different contexts. In this paper we highlight textiles and clothing scholarship and illustrate how that scholarship could be used to inform legal practices or legislative action in the United States regarding sexual harassment and sexual assault. Textiles and clothing researchers have demonstrated that dress conveys both accurate and inaccurate messages about the wearer. However, it is evident from statutes and written judicial decisions (caselaw) that the legal community often assumes that dress accurately indicates the wearer's attitude or intent. Yet in so doing, the legal system may be relying on inaccurate inferences to inform judgments and render decisions. Recommendations are suggested for research and policy linkages between textiles and clothing research and law.
The purpose of this study was to explore impulsivity as a motivation for television apparel shopp... more The purpose of this study was to explore impulsivity as a motivation for television apparel shopping and to investigate impulse buying, parasocial interaction, television exposure, and television shopping program exposure among television apparel shoppers. One hundred fifty-four questionnaires were returned from television apparel shoppers. A content analysis revealed four broad categories of motivations for television shopping for apparel. Using simple regression analyses, the present research found (a) a positive relationship between impulse buying and television shopping exposure, (b) a positive relationship between impulse buying and parasocial interaction, and (c) positive relationships between parasocial interaction and both television shopping exposure and television exposure.
This paper represents Part II in a two-part paper which integrates theory and research in social ... more This paper represents Part II in a two-part paper which integrates theory and research in social cognition with research in clothing and human behavior. Part II addresses the three stages of social cognition (pre-processing, processing, and post-processing) and factors which affect each of these three stages. Existing research in clothing and human behavior is interpreted within this framework and suggestions are made for future research.
The contemporary ideal standard offemale beauty in the Western world is based on thinness, attrac... more The contemporary ideal standard offemale beauty in the Western world is based on thinness, attractiveness, and fitness. Women are enculturated to monitor these personal characteristics, and to construct their appearances to meet these normative expectations. Because most body image research to date has focused on quantitative methods of assessing the complex interrelationships among variables, women's "lived experiences" were examined through a qualitative study of 95 college women to explore the subjective nature of body satisfaction, the extent to which agency and control influence the construction of appearance, and what appearance-management behaviors are typically practiced andlor advisable. Nine themes emerged from the written essays. The most common theme was risky appearance-management behaviors that were practiced in response to gendered social norms, indicating the prevalent feeling that the body is malleable and considered to be under individual control. Com...
In any field it is important to understand how knowledge is produced and how the production of kn... more In any field it is important to understand how knowledge is produced and how the production of knowledge affects what is known. Put another way, how have the conclusions drawn from research in textiles, clothing, and human behavior been structured by and affected by the research questions posed, the methods used to collect data, or even the training of its scholars? In this paper we offer a matrix of dimensions as an outline for analyzing research focusing on human behavior as it is related to textiles and clothing. Five broad dimensions are suggested for use in organizing research and in providing insight as to how knowledge in this field has been produced: (a) type of strategy used, (b) time frame, (c) origin of data elicited, (d) technique of data elicitation, and (e) qualitative or quantitative treatment of data. Each dimension is discussed, examples are provided, and related limitations are presented. Given the dimensions presented, we conclude with a discussion of how knowledg...
Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles, 2003
The purpose of this study was to compare the concepts related to formal wear and casual wear, the... more The purpose of this study was to compare the concepts related to formal wear and casual wear, the expression image far formal wear and casual wear, the criteria for clothing selection, the most appropriate clothing for the specific situation, the price range, the kinds of accessories matched with clothing, the time for purchase, the patronage site, and the appropriate colors fur formal wear and casual wear. The total of 396 consumers, 20s' and 40s' female consumers in Korea and America were sampled in both countries. The sampling places were college campus, business district, department stores, and shopping mall in Seoul and Columbus, Ohio. Formal wear and casual wear were selected as survey items. The results showed that the consumers in both countries revealed emic and etic phenomena. Based on the results of this survey, the fundamental information and implications for clothing shopping behaviors in Korea and America can be provided.
This research provides a comprehensive descriptive content analysis of empirical research focused... more This research provides a comprehensive descriptive content analysis of empirical research focused on muscularity and published in refereed journals from 2000 through 2019. This article presents the first part of a two-part series. In this part, the research aims were to characterize the research on muscularity with respect to the methods of inquiry and participant demographics. Specific research questions were: what methods of inquiry (e.g. research strategy, data analyses, sampling, use of hypotheses) describe this research? And what demographics describe the participants in this research? Multiple databases were searched to locate relevant research. This search resulted in 176 empirical articles published in English that contained 203 studies. The descriptive content analysis revealed that researchers primarily conducted cross-sectional research using survey methodology and intermediate levels of statistical analysis. Research questions/hypotheses were often absent. About three ti...
Women and girls are depicted in revealing dress in the media and the depictions and their consequ... more Women and girls are depicted in revealing dress in the media and the depictions and their consequences have been studied by researchers from a variety of disciplines
Abstract Addressing the growing adoption of Black Friday (BF) promotions and related BF misbehavi... more Abstract Addressing the growing adoption of Black Friday (BF) promotions and related BF misbehavior in the US and elsewhere, we examined the mechanism by which emotions, self-control, and public self-consciousness impact BF consumer misbehavior. We also investigated to what extent women and men differ with regard to how these variables affect misbehavior on BF. Student participants were former in-store BF shoppers (n = 411) who completed an online questionnaire. Emotions evoked via scenarios simulating realistic BF shopping situations affected the likelihood of engaging in BF misbehavior for both men and women. Both negative emotion (anger) and positive emotion (thrill) increased the likelihood of misbehaving on BF. There were sex differences in how self-control and public self-consciousness impacted BF misbehavior. For men, self-control had both a direct and moderating effect on the likelihood of BF misbehavior, but it had no impact on women. Self-control reduced men’s likelihood of misbehavior despite anger aroused on BF. For women, public self-consciousness moderated how anger affected misbehavior likelihood, but not for men. Findings offer new insights into factors fueling and inhibiting potential misbehavior on BF.
Many luxury firms have successfully adopted online sales and online sales growth has outperformed... more Many luxury firms have successfully adopted online sales and online sales growth has outperformed offline sales growth. As online luxury sales continue to grow, service expectations in digital and instore channels are also expected to grow. To add to the research literature, the top performing 46 luxury apparel and accessories websites identified in the Luxury e-Commerce Report from Internet Retailer were content analyzed to determine the state of the art in top performing luxury retail websites in providing needed information (international customer service attributes). Those top performing websites were then compared to 44 randomly selected similar websites on the same attributes to determine how the two groups of websites compared in terms of international customer service attributes. Although top performing luxury retail websites are providing important customer service information that facilitates online purchasing, there is room for improvement. In comparing the two groups of ...
The Chinese market is attractive to foreign-brand apparel manufacturers who have increasing acces... more The Chinese market is attractive to foreign-brand apparel manufacturers who have increasing access to the market as China’s economy has undergone a major transformation from a centrally planned to a market economy and has experienced continued growth. Because of China’s current economic transition and its status as a developing country, the channels for distributing foreign-brand apparel products to Chinese retailers presents special obstacles that foreigners may not anticipate. We detail the distribution channels for foreign-brand apparel in the Chinese market and identify problems in the channels. Because the Chinese government intervenes in the distribution channels in China, the role of the government in apparel distribution channels was also investigated. In-depth interviews were conducted with nine apparel retailers, three government officials, and one foreign-trade agent. Additionally, we surveyed 150 Beijing retailers who sell foreign-brand apparel. Contributions to the rese...
There were two objectives of this study: (a) to test the cross-cultural applicability of the Fish... more There were two objectives of this study: (a) to test the cross-cultural applicability of the Fishbein Behavioral Intentional Model by studying Chinese consumers’ purchase intentions for apparel made in the United States and (b) to examine whether culture could enhance the validity of the model. Parents (N = 2,017) of students in the public school systems of Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou completed usable questionnaires. Attitude toward purchasing apparel made in the United States (Ab) significantly influenced Chinese purchase intentions for that apparel (BI), but subjective norms (SN) did not. The validity of the Fishbein model may be product dependent, with culturally symbolic products influenced by both attitude and subjective norm, and products less culturally symbolic influenced only by attitudes. Adding cultural components to the Fishbein model enhanced its ability to explain purchase intentions.
This is the first of two articles in which we argue that textiles and clothing research has relev... more This is the first of two articles in which we argue that textiles and clothing research has relevance for the legal system in the United States in several different contexts. In this paper we highlight textiles and clothing scholarship and illustrate how that scholarship could be used to inform legal practices or legislative action in the United States regarding sexual harassment and sexual assault. Textiles and clothing researchers have demonstrated that dress conveys both accurate and inaccurate messages about the wearer. However, it is evident from statutes and written judicial decisions (caselaw) that the legal community often assumes that dress accurately indicates the wearer's attitude or intent. Yet in so doing, the legal system may be relying on inaccurate inferences to inform judgments and render decisions. Recommendations are suggested for research and policy linkages between textiles and clothing research and law.
The purpose of this study was to explore impulsivity as a motivation for television apparel shopp... more The purpose of this study was to explore impulsivity as a motivation for television apparel shopping and to investigate impulse buying, parasocial interaction, television exposure, and television shopping program exposure among television apparel shoppers. One hundred fifty-four questionnaires were returned from television apparel shoppers. A content analysis revealed four broad categories of motivations for television shopping for apparel. Using simple regression analyses, the present research found (a) a positive relationship between impulse buying and television shopping exposure, (b) a positive relationship between impulse buying and parasocial interaction, and (c) positive relationships between parasocial interaction and both television shopping exposure and television exposure.
This paper represents Part II in a two-part paper which integrates theory and research in social ... more This paper represents Part II in a two-part paper which integrates theory and research in social cognition with research in clothing and human behavior. Part II addresses the three stages of social cognition (pre-processing, processing, and post-processing) and factors which affect each of these three stages. Existing research in clothing and human behavior is interpreted within this framework and suggestions are made for future research.
The contemporary ideal standard offemale beauty in the Western world is based on thinness, attrac... more The contemporary ideal standard offemale beauty in the Western world is based on thinness, attractiveness, and fitness. Women are enculturated to monitor these personal characteristics, and to construct their appearances to meet these normative expectations. Because most body image research to date has focused on quantitative methods of assessing the complex interrelationships among variables, women's "lived experiences" were examined through a qualitative study of 95 college women to explore the subjective nature of body satisfaction, the extent to which agency and control influence the construction of appearance, and what appearance-management behaviors are typically practiced andlor advisable. Nine themes emerged from the written essays. The most common theme was risky appearance-management behaviors that were practiced in response to gendered social norms, indicating the prevalent feeling that the body is malleable and considered to be under individual control. Com...
In any field it is important to understand how knowledge is produced and how the production of kn... more In any field it is important to understand how knowledge is produced and how the production of knowledge affects what is known. Put another way, how have the conclusions drawn from research in textiles, clothing, and human behavior been structured by and affected by the research questions posed, the methods used to collect data, or even the training of its scholars? In this paper we offer a matrix of dimensions as an outline for analyzing research focusing on human behavior as it is related to textiles and clothing. Five broad dimensions are suggested for use in organizing research and in providing insight as to how knowledge in this field has been produced: (a) type of strategy used, (b) time frame, (c) origin of data elicited, (d) technique of data elicitation, and (e) qualitative or quantitative treatment of data. Each dimension is discussed, examples are provided, and related limitations are presented. Given the dimensions presented, we conclude with a discussion of how knowledg...
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