It is a great challenge to identify different cucumber diseases at early stages based on conventi... more It is a great challenge to identify different cucumber diseases at early stages based on conventional methods due to complex and similar symptoms. By contrast, chlorophyll fluorescence is an early indicator of membrane changes or disturbances during plant growth. This research aimed to propose an effective method for the identification of brown spot (BS) and anthracnose (AN) in cucumbers based on chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, and to interpret the relationship between fluorescence response and different diseases coupled with active oxygen metabolism analysis. Support vector machine (SVM) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) were used to classify the different disease degrees of brown spot and anthracnose in cucumber plants. XGBoost is more effective for this study, with a classification accuracy greater than 90% for diseased cucumbers. Additionally, the XGBoost classification model was validated by the different disease degrees of cucumber plants, and the five-class classifica...
The discrete element parameters of cabbages (Brassica oleracea L.) were calibrated for the design... more The discrete element parameters of cabbages (Brassica oleracea L.) were calibrated for the design and parameter optimization of a cabbage harvester. The cabbage model was created based on the study of cabbage material characteristics and the simulation model parameters of cabbage were calibrated. The intrinsic parameters and partial contact parameters of cabbages were obtained by direct measurement. The cabbage accumulation angle was determined by a plate drawing test. Through the steepest ascent test and the orthogonal rotation combination test, a regression model of the cabbage accumulation angle error was established. The optimal contact parameters between the cabbages were obtained by the minimum error modeling. These calibrated parameters were applied in the verification test, and the results indicated that the error between the simulated and measured values of the cabbage accumulation angle was only 1.63%, which demonstrated that the results were dependable. This study can pro...
In this study, a screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4 N... more In this study, a screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4 NPs) was used to create an all-solid-state ion-selective electrode used as a potentiometric ion sensor for determining nitrate ion (NO3−) concentrations in aquaculture water. The effects of the Co3O4 NPs on the characterization parameters of the solid-contact nitrate ion-selective electrodes (SC-NO3−-ISEs) were investigated. The morphology, physical properties and analytical performance of the proposed NO3−-ion selective membrane (ISM)/Co3O4 NPs/SPEs were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), potentiometric measurements, and potentiometric water layer tests. Once all conditions were optimized, it was confirmed that the screen-printed electrochemical sensor had high potential stability, anti-interference perfo...
Pellet feed is widely used in fry feeding, which cannot sink to the bottom in a short time, so mo... more Pellet feed is widely used in fry feeding, which cannot sink to the bottom in a short time, so most fries eat in shallow underwater areas. Aiming at the characteristics of fry feeding, we present herein a nondestructive and rapid detection method based on a shallow underwater imaging system and deep learning framework to obtain fry feeding status. Towards this end, images of fry feeding in shallow underwater areas and floating uneaten pellets were captured, following which they were processed to reduce noise and enhance data information. Two characteristics were defined to reflect fry feeding behavior, and a YOLOv4-Tiny-ECA network was used to detect them. The experimental results indicate that the network works well, with a detection speed of 108FPS and a model size of 22.7 MB. Compared with other outstanding detection networks, the YOLOv4-Tiny-ECA network is better, faster, and has stronger robustness in conditions of sunny, cloudy, and bubbles. It indicates that the proposed meth...
To enhance the operation effect and working performance of our previously developed strip fertili... more To enhance the operation effect and working performance of our previously developed strip fertilization planter for broken straw back throwing and inter-row laying, and to improve the stability of straw crushing and consistency of straw mulching between rows (broken straw inter-row mulching), the key operation parameters of the planter were optimized in this study. On the basis of determining the transmission route and matching power consumption, the discrete element method was used to establish a mechanical model of straw particles using the EDEM software, which was then imported into the rigid–flexible coupled system of the ‘shredded straw-mechanism’. Quadratic regression orthogonal methods and rotation combination experiments were then designed to carry out a DEM virtual simulation and numerical simulation, and the optimal combination of operating parameters affecting planter working performance was obtained, which was also verified by field tests. The simulation test results sho...
Although phosphate (Pi) is a necessary nutrient for the growth of aquatic organisms, the presence... more Although phosphate (Pi) is a necessary nutrient for the growth of aquatic organisms, the presence of excess Pi leads to water eutrophication; thus, it is necessary to accurately determine the content of Pi in water. A method for the determination of trace Pi in aquaculture water was developed based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) combined with rhodamine 6G (R6G)-modified silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as the active substrate. The adsorption of R6G on the AgNP surfaces led to a strong SERS signal. However, in the presence of Pi and ammonium molybdate, phosphomolybdic acid formed, which further associated with R6G to form a stable R6G-PMo12O403− association complex, thereby hindering the adsorption of R6G on the AgNPs, and reducing the SERS intensity; this sequence formed the basis of Pi detection. The decrease in the SERS intensity was linear with respect to the Pi concentration (0.2–20 μM), and the limit of detection was 29.3 nM. Upon the application of this method to th...
The main objective was to measure the optical coefficients of peaches after bruising at different... more The main objective was to measure the optical coefficients of peaches after bruising at different maturity levels and detect bruises. A spatially resolved method was used to acquire absorption coefficient (μa) and the reduced scattering coefficient (µs’) spectra from 550 to 1000 nm, and a total of 12 groups (3 maturity levels * 4 detection times) were used to assess changes in µa and µs’ resulting from bruising. Maturation and bruising both caused a decrease in µs’ and an increase in µa, and the optical properties of immature peaches changed more after bruising than the optical properties of ripe peaches. Four hours after bruising, the optical properties of most samples were significantly different from those of intact peaches (p < 0.05), and the optical properties showed damage to tissue earlier than the appearance symptoms observed with the naked eye. The classification results of the Support Vector Machine model for bruised peaches showed that μa had the best classification ac...
Background In order to improve the current situations in rice–wheat rotation region in the middle... more Background In order to improve the current situations in rice–wheat rotation region in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, such as large amount of rice straw, complex returning process, short-time stubble connection, high power consumption, poor smoothness and especially unstable performance, and further promote the resource utilization process of full straw returning in Jiangsu province, this study, combined with the agronomic requirements of wheat sowing in rice-stubble land, developed an innovation of strip fertilization planting for straw crushing with back-throwing and interrow-laying in full stubble fields. Results Structural design and theoretical analysis were carried out on key components such as straw crushing device, broken-straw control device, soil rotary-tillage device and power transmission device, etc., to determine the corresponding structure and operating performance parameters, and then the field performance and verification tests were completed on ...
International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2021
Accelerate the quality of smashed-straw laying and enhance the effect of seed-bed arranging for n... more Accelerate the quality of smashed-straw laying and enhance the effect of seed-bed arranging for no-tillage planter with straw-smashing and strip-mulching in full stubble covered paddy have become imperative in implementing modern conservation tillage. Considering the perfect operating performance (passability and stability) of the developed no-tillage planter, this study intends to optimize the structure design of smashed-straw diversion device and strip-rotary tillage device. Dynamics equations of smashed straw and kinematics models of rotary blades were established through theoretical analysis, and the principal factors that affecting straw strip-laying quality and seed-bed arranging effect were specified. The influence of out-enlarge angle (η) and slide-push angle (γ) of the diversion device on the coefficient of variation (ζ 1) of cover-straw width, and the influence of rotary tillage-blade number (N) and configuration in a single rotary plane on the broken rate (ζ 2) of strip soil were completely analyzed. And then, based on the systematic analysis and integrated scheme, operating performance and field verification tests using the optimized no-tillage planter were thoroughly performed. The results of the performance tests indicated that the out-enlarge angle (η) had a highly significant influence on the coefficient of variation (ζ 1), and the slide-push angle (γ) had a significant influence on (ζ 1). The rotary tillage-blade number (N) had a highly significant influence on the broken rate (ζ 2), and the slide-push angle (γ) had a significant influence on (ζ 2). The obtained optimal combination of these key structure parameters through comprehensive analysis was η = 45°, γ = 40°, and N = 4. Field verification test results indicated that the optimized no-tillage planter achieved mean values of ζ 1 = 10.47% and ζ 2 = 90.95%, which satisfied the relevant operation quality and cultivation agricultural requirement of conservation tillage equipment, and provided technical references for developing the similar no-tillage planter of straw crushing and returning.
International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2021
The soil steam injection method is one of the most effective disinfection methods, and the determ... more The soil steam injection method is one of the most effective disinfection methods, and the determination of the steam pipe structure parameters is very important. The steam capillary diameter (SCD) affects the steam flow field in each pipe, which in turn affects the steam changes in the soil flow range and soil temperature (ST). Larger SCD would make lower ST in clay loam, silt loam, and sandy clay loam. The effectiveness of an SCD of 10 mm was verified by a mobile disinfection test at walking speeds of 10 cm/min and 30 cm/min under soil water content (SWC) of 15% and 35%, respectively. The results showed that when the walking speed was 10 cm/min, the initial SWC was proportional to the ST. However, when the walking speed was 30 cm/min, the law was exactly the opposite; that is, the initial water content is inversely proportional to the ST. The research can provide a theoretical research foundation for increasing soil temperature for efficient soil steam disinfection.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
It is a great challenge to identify different cucumber diseases at early stages based on conventi... more It is a great challenge to identify different cucumber diseases at early stages based on conventional methods due to complex and similar symptoms. By contrast, chlorophyll fluorescence is an early indicator of membrane changes or disturbances during plant growth. This research aimed to propose an effective method for the identification of brown spot (BS) and anthracnose (AN) in cucumbers based on chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, and to interpret the relationship between fluorescence response and different diseases coupled with active oxygen metabolism analysis. Support vector machine (SVM) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) were used to classify the different disease degrees of brown spot and anthracnose in cucumber plants. XGBoost is more effective for this study, with a classification accuracy greater than 90% for diseased cucumbers. Additionally, the XGBoost classification model was validated by the different disease degrees of cucumber plants, and the five-class classifica...
The discrete element parameters of cabbages (Brassica oleracea L.) were calibrated for the design... more The discrete element parameters of cabbages (Brassica oleracea L.) were calibrated for the design and parameter optimization of a cabbage harvester. The cabbage model was created based on the study of cabbage material characteristics and the simulation model parameters of cabbage were calibrated. The intrinsic parameters and partial contact parameters of cabbages were obtained by direct measurement. The cabbage accumulation angle was determined by a plate drawing test. Through the steepest ascent test and the orthogonal rotation combination test, a regression model of the cabbage accumulation angle error was established. The optimal contact parameters between the cabbages were obtained by the minimum error modeling. These calibrated parameters were applied in the verification test, and the results indicated that the error between the simulated and measured values of the cabbage accumulation angle was only 1.63%, which demonstrated that the results were dependable. This study can pro...
In this study, a screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4 N... more In this study, a screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4 NPs) was used to create an all-solid-state ion-selective electrode used as a potentiometric ion sensor for determining nitrate ion (NO3−) concentrations in aquaculture water. The effects of the Co3O4 NPs on the characterization parameters of the solid-contact nitrate ion-selective electrodes (SC-NO3−-ISEs) were investigated. The morphology, physical properties and analytical performance of the proposed NO3−-ion selective membrane (ISM)/Co3O4 NPs/SPEs were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), potentiometric measurements, and potentiometric water layer tests. Once all conditions were optimized, it was confirmed that the screen-printed electrochemical sensor had high potential stability, anti-interference perfo...
Pellet feed is widely used in fry feeding, which cannot sink to the bottom in a short time, so mo... more Pellet feed is widely used in fry feeding, which cannot sink to the bottom in a short time, so most fries eat in shallow underwater areas. Aiming at the characteristics of fry feeding, we present herein a nondestructive and rapid detection method based on a shallow underwater imaging system and deep learning framework to obtain fry feeding status. Towards this end, images of fry feeding in shallow underwater areas and floating uneaten pellets were captured, following which they were processed to reduce noise and enhance data information. Two characteristics were defined to reflect fry feeding behavior, and a YOLOv4-Tiny-ECA network was used to detect them. The experimental results indicate that the network works well, with a detection speed of 108FPS and a model size of 22.7 MB. Compared with other outstanding detection networks, the YOLOv4-Tiny-ECA network is better, faster, and has stronger robustness in conditions of sunny, cloudy, and bubbles. It indicates that the proposed meth...
To enhance the operation effect and working performance of our previously developed strip fertili... more To enhance the operation effect and working performance of our previously developed strip fertilization planter for broken straw back throwing and inter-row laying, and to improve the stability of straw crushing and consistency of straw mulching between rows (broken straw inter-row mulching), the key operation parameters of the planter were optimized in this study. On the basis of determining the transmission route and matching power consumption, the discrete element method was used to establish a mechanical model of straw particles using the EDEM software, which was then imported into the rigid–flexible coupled system of the ‘shredded straw-mechanism’. Quadratic regression orthogonal methods and rotation combination experiments were then designed to carry out a DEM virtual simulation and numerical simulation, and the optimal combination of operating parameters affecting planter working performance was obtained, which was also verified by field tests. The simulation test results sho...
Although phosphate (Pi) is a necessary nutrient for the growth of aquatic organisms, the presence... more Although phosphate (Pi) is a necessary nutrient for the growth of aquatic organisms, the presence of excess Pi leads to water eutrophication; thus, it is necessary to accurately determine the content of Pi in water. A method for the determination of trace Pi in aquaculture water was developed based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) combined with rhodamine 6G (R6G)-modified silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as the active substrate. The adsorption of R6G on the AgNP surfaces led to a strong SERS signal. However, in the presence of Pi and ammonium molybdate, phosphomolybdic acid formed, which further associated with R6G to form a stable R6G-PMo12O403− association complex, thereby hindering the adsorption of R6G on the AgNPs, and reducing the SERS intensity; this sequence formed the basis of Pi detection. The decrease in the SERS intensity was linear with respect to the Pi concentration (0.2–20 μM), and the limit of detection was 29.3 nM. Upon the application of this method to th...
The main objective was to measure the optical coefficients of peaches after bruising at different... more The main objective was to measure the optical coefficients of peaches after bruising at different maturity levels and detect bruises. A spatially resolved method was used to acquire absorption coefficient (μa) and the reduced scattering coefficient (µs’) spectra from 550 to 1000 nm, and a total of 12 groups (3 maturity levels * 4 detection times) were used to assess changes in µa and µs’ resulting from bruising. Maturation and bruising both caused a decrease in µs’ and an increase in µa, and the optical properties of immature peaches changed more after bruising than the optical properties of ripe peaches. Four hours after bruising, the optical properties of most samples were significantly different from those of intact peaches (p < 0.05), and the optical properties showed damage to tissue earlier than the appearance symptoms observed with the naked eye. The classification results of the Support Vector Machine model for bruised peaches showed that μa had the best classification ac...
Background In order to improve the current situations in rice–wheat rotation region in the middle... more Background In order to improve the current situations in rice–wheat rotation region in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, such as large amount of rice straw, complex returning process, short-time stubble connection, high power consumption, poor smoothness and especially unstable performance, and further promote the resource utilization process of full straw returning in Jiangsu province, this study, combined with the agronomic requirements of wheat sowing in rice-stubble land, developed an innovation of strip fertilization planting for straw crushing with back-throwing and interrow-laying in full stubble fields. Results Structural design and theoretical analysis were carried out on key components such as straw crushing device, broken-straw control device, soil rotary-tillage device and power transmission device, etc., to determine the corresponding structure and operating performance parameters, and then the field performance and verification tests were completed on ...
International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2021
Accelerate the quality of smashed-straw laying and enhance the effect of seed-bed arranging for n... more Accelerate the quality of smashed-straw laying and enhance the effect of seed-bed arranging for no-tillage planter with straw-smashing and strip-mulching in full stubble covered paddy have become imperative in implementing modern conservation tillage. Considering the perfect operating performance (passability and stability) of the developed no-tillage planter, this study intends to optimize the structure design of smashed-straw diversion device and strip-rotary tillage device. Dynamics equations of smashed straw and kinematics models of rotary blades were established through theoretical analysis, and the principal factors that affecting straw strip-laying quality and seed-bed arranging effect were specified. The influence of out-enlarge angle (η) and slide-push angle (γ) of the diversion device on the coefficient of variation (ζ 1) of cover-straw width, and the influence of rotary tillage-blade number (N) and configuration in a single rotary plane on the broken rate (ζ 2) of strip soil were completely analyzed. And then, based on the systematic analysis and integrated scheme, operating performance and field verification tests using the optimized no-tillage planter were thoroughly performed. The results of the performance tests indicated that the out-enlarge angle (η) had a highly significant influence on the coefficient of variation (ζ 1), and the slide-push angle (γ) had a significant influence on (ζ 1). The rotary tillage-blade number (N) had a highly significant influence on the broken rate (ζ 2), and the slide-push angle (γ) had a significant influence on (ζ 2). The obtained optimal combination of these key structure parameters through comprehensive analysis was η = 45°, γ = 40°, and N = 4. Field verification test results indicated that the optimized no-tillage planter achieved mean values of ζ 1 = 10.47% and ζ 2 = 90.95%, which satisfied the relevant operation quality and cultivation agricultural requirement of conservation tillage equipment, and provided technical references for developing the similar no-tillage planter of straw crushing and returning.
International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2021
The soil steam injection method is one of the most effective disinfection methods, and the determ... more The soil steam injection method is one of the most effective disinfection methods, and the determination of the steam pipe structure parameters is very important. The steam capillary diameter (SCD) affects the steam flow field in each pipe, which in turn affects the steam changes in the soil flow range and soil temperature (ST). Larger SCD would make lower ST in clay loam, silt loam, and sandy clay loam. The effectiveness of an SCD of 10 mm was verified by a mobile disinfection test at walking speeds of 10 cm/min and 30 cm/min under soil water content (SWC) of 15% and 35%, respectively. The results showed that when the walking speed was 10 cm/min, the initial SWC was proportional to the ST. However, when the walking speed was 30 cm/min, the law was exactly the opposite; that is, the initial water content is inversely proportional to the ST. The research can provide a theoretical research foundation for increasing soil temperature for efficient soil steam disinfection.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
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