This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
In recent years, wearable monitoring devices have been very popular in the health care field and ... more In recent years, wearable monitoring devices have been very popular in the health care field and are being used to avoid sport injuries during exercise. They are usually worn on the wrist, the same as sport watches, or on the chest, like an electrocardiogram patch. Common functions of these wearable devices are that they use real time to display the state of health of the body, and they are all small sized. The electromyogram (EMG) signal is usually used to show muscle activity. Thus, the EMG signal could be used to determine the muscle-fatigue conditions. In this study, the goal is to develop an EMG patch which could be worn on the lower leg, the gastrocnemius muscle, to detect real-time muscle fatigue while exercising. A micro controller unit (MCU) in the EMG patch is part of an ARM Cortex-M4 processor, which is used to measure the median frequency (MF) of an EMG signal in real time. When the muscle starts showing tiredness, the median frequency will shift to a low frequency. In order to delete the noise of the isotonic EMG signal, the EMG patch has to run the empirical mode decomposition algorithm. A two-electrode circuit was designed to measure the EMG signal. The maximum power consumption of the EMG patch was about 39.5 mAh. In order to verify that the real-time MF values measured by the EMG patch were close to the off-line MF values measured by the computer system, we used the root-mean-square value to estimate the difference in the real-time MF values and the off-line MF values. There were 20 participants that rode an exercise bicycle at different speeds. Their EMG signals were recorded with an EMG patch and a physiological measurement system at the same time. Every participant rode the exercise bicycle twice. The averaged root-mean-square values were 2.86 ± 0.86 Hz and 2.56 ± 0.47 Hz for the first and second time, respectively. Moreover, we also developed an application program implemented on a smart phone to display the participants' muscle-fatigue conditions and information while exercising. Therefore, the EMG patch designed in this study could monitor the muscle-fatigue conditions to avoid sport injuries while exercising.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Currently, in terms of reducing the infection risk of the COVID-19 virus spreading all over the w... more Currently, in terms of reducing the infection risk of the COVID-19 virus spreading all over the world, the development of touchless blood pressure (BP) measurement has potential benefits. The pulse transit time (PTT) has a high relation with BP, which can be measured by electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG). The ballistocardiogram (BCG) reflects the mechanical vibration (or displacement) caused by the heart contraction/relaxation (or heart beating), which can be measured from multiple degrees of the body. The goal of this study is to develop a cuffless and touchless BP-measurement method based on a commercial weight scale combined with a PPG sensor when measuring body weight. The proposed method was that the PTTBCG-PPGT was extracted from the BCG signal measured by a weight scale, and the PPG signal was measured from the PPG probe placed at the toe. Four PTT models were used to estimate BP. The reference method was the PTTECG-PPGF extracted from the ECG signal and PPG...
Sarcopenia is a wild chronic disease among elderly people. Although it does not entail a life-thr... more Sarcopenia is a wild chronic disease among elderly people. Although it does not entail a life-threatening risk, it will increase the adverse risk due to the associated unsteady gait, fall, fractures, and functional disability. The import factors in diagnosing sarcopenia are muscle mass and strength. The examination of muscle mass must be carried in the clinic. However, the loss of muscle mass can be improved by rehabilitation that can be performed in non-medical environments. Electronic impedance myography (EIM) can measure some parameters of muscles that have the correlations with muscle mass and strength. The goal of this study is to use machine learning algorithms to estimate the total mass of thigh muscles (MoTM) with the parameters of EIM and body information. We explored the seven major muscles of lower limbs. The feature selection methods, including recursive feature elimination (RFE) and feature combination, were used to select the optimal features based on the ridge regress...
Endothelial dysfunction has been shown to be an important risk factor in the pathogenesis of athe... more Endothelial dysfunction has been shown to be an important risk factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. The flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the peripheral arteries is an endothelium-dependent function, which is assessed by measuring the diameter change in the brachial artery before and after ischemic stress. Brachial-artery ultrasound scanning (BAUS) is the gold standard for assessing the FMD in clinical practice. However, ultrasonography requires an operator or physician with a professional training to perform accurate measurement of the diameter of the brachial artery. Thus, some studies have used the cuff method to measure the FMD in percentage, the value of which is significantly larger than that using BAUS. The goal of this study was to explore this phenomenon. We explain the interaction between the volume changes (oscillation magnitudes in volume due to cardiac pulsations) of the artery and cuff bladder under different transmural pres...
The arterial wall elastance is an important indicator of arterial stiffness and a kind of manifes... more The arterial wall elastance is an important indicator of arterial stiffness and a kind of manifestation associated with vessel-related disease. The time-varying arterial wall elastances can be measured using a multiple-frequency vibration approach according to the Voigt and Maxwell model. However, such a method needs extensive calculation time and its operating steps are very complex. Thus, the aim of this study is to propose a simple and easy method for assessing the time-varying arterial wall elastances with the single-frequency vibration approach. This method was developed according to the simplified Voigt and Maxwell model. Thus, the arterial wall elastance measured using this method was compared with the elastance measured using the multiple-frequency vibration approach. In the single-frequency vibration approach, a moving probe of a vibrator was induced with a radial displacement of 0.15 mm and a 40 Hz frequency. The tip of the probe directly contacted the wall of a superficia...
2018 IEEE 4th International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC), 2018
This paper explores the impact of bathtub water temperature on personal identification with ECG s... more This paper explores the impact of bathtub water temperature on personal identification with ECG signal using convolutional neural network. Ten volunteers' ECG records are collected with lead-III at low temperature of bathtub water $(38\pm0.2\ {{}^{\circ} \mathrm{C}}$ in average) and high temperature of bathtub water $(42\pm 0.5 {{}^{\circ}\mathrm{C}}$ in average) environments, respectively. Each record is about $5\pm 1$ minutes at low temperature and $4\pm1$ minutes at high temperature. In the data preprocessing stage, we denoise the original ECG signal and segment the QRS complex on a beat-by-beat basis. Then, we perform two interpolation calculations based on the QRS segmentation and convert the QRS complex into a binary image one by one. When we use the ECG signals which are collected at low temperature to train and test the CNN model, the identification rate is 82.67%. However, if we use the ECG signal collected at high temperature to test this trained CNN model, the identif...
The analysis of the resting behavior of domestic animals must include the analysis of eyelid and ... more The analysis of the resting behavior of domestic animals must include the analysis of eyelid and eyeball movements and bodily motion. We developed an apparatus for measuring the movement of eyelids and eyeballs of domestic animals. The apparatus consists of a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera placed in the eyelid region of a head mask, and an infrared light-emitting diode as light source. Two types of apparatus have been developed: one, using a wire system and the other, using a measurable telemetry system in an unrestricted state. The weight of the device with the wire system was about 50 g and that with the telemetry system was about 880 g. The operating time of the telem etry system was 24 h or more when nickel-hydrogen was used in the power supply. By using the wire system in calf, the movements of the eyelid and eyeball could be divided into four categories: fully open eyelid movement, half-closed eyelid movement, fully closed eyelid movement and eyeball movement. The results ...
In recent years, wearable devices have been popularly applied in the health care field. The elect... more In recent years, wearable devices have been popularly applied in the health care field. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is the most used signal. However, the ECG is measured under a body-motion condition, which is easily coupled with some noise, like as power line noise (PLn) and electromyogram (EMG). This paper presents a grey spectral noise cancellation (GSNC) scheme for electrocardiogram (ECG) signals where two-stage discrimination is employed with the empirical mode decomposition (EMD), the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and the grey spectral noise estimation (GSNE). In the first stage of the proposed GSNC scheme, the input ECG signal is decomposed by the EMD to obtain a set of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Then, the noise energies of IMFs are estimated by the GSNE. When an IMF is considered as noisy one, it is forwarded to the second stage for further check. In the second stage, the suspicious IMFs are reconstructed and decomposed by the EEMD. Then the IMFs are dis...
The Fifth International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (CIT'05), 2005
Abstract Design and implementation of a multiple vital signs monitoring system based upon mobile ... more Abstract Design and implementation of a multiple vital signs monitoring system based upon mobile telephony and Internet infrastructure for e-health are described. The system hierarchy comprises three layers for sensing, communication, and management. The core of the sensing layer is a wearable sensor unit, including a cordless sensor device and a sensor-wear garment, suitable for vital signs real-time monitoring without discomfort and constraint during daily activities. The communication layer performs bi-directional data/command ...
Data Mining in Medical and Biological Research, 2008
The latest CPU, the Yorkfield XE, contains 820 million transistors on 2 × 107 mm² dies and featur... more The latest CPU, the Yorkfield XE, contains 820 million transistors on 2 × 107 mm² dies and features a 1333 MT/s FSB and a clock speed of 3 GHz (Intel Corp., 2007). Since the first integrated circuit (IC), which contained a single transistor and several resistors on an 11 × 1.6 mm 2 germanium chip, was fabricated by Jack Kilby in 1958, advanced 45 nm semiconductor technology makes it possible to condense an entire complicated spread-spectrum telecommunication system into a magic box as small as a mobile phone. Today, we are interconnected through wired and wireless networks, and surrounded by an invisible pervasive computing environment. This makes "information at your fingertips" and "commerce at light speed" possible. We are already acclimatized to enjoy everything worldwide conveniently, wherever we are. We enjoy online shopping and share information with friends from the other side of the Earth in an instant. However, this is a double-edged sword. Our daily lifestyle has changed dramatically. While we may benefit from the advantages of today's society, at the same time, we face many unprecedented problems in the health domain, which have emerged with all of these changes. One of the greatest concerns is the ascent of chronic illness that has occurred concurrently with the accompanying lifestyle changes. Figure 1 shows the change in mortality among different diseases from acute to chronic over the past 100 years in Japan. There has not been a large change in conventional causes of death, such as contingency, caducity, and pneumonia. Acute infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis, have disappeared completely since the 1980s. However, death due to chronic conditions is increasing. The leading causes of death are the three "C" top killer diseases: cerebral, cardiovascular, and cancer (malignant neoplasm), which account for 60 per cent of total deaths. Fig. 1. Change in mortality of different diseases over the previous century in Japan.
This article sums up a series of mathematical studies on sensory-difference limen with a stimulus... more This article sums up a series of mathematical studies on sensory-difference limen with a stimulus-effect model designed according to a basic assumption of evolution. The ability of human sensory receptors to control biophysical effects in the brain has been translated into mathematical language, which provides a characteristic function for receptor sensitivity. Experimental evidence is taken from published literature exclusively. The article ends in a modified expression of Weber's law, which agrees with experiments at all levels of stimulus intensity in which human receptors have proper sensation.
This paper reviews endeavors over the past decades to achieve seamless monitoring of various type... more This paper reviews endeavors over the past decades to achieve seamless monitoring of various types of physiological information by a variety of high user-af nity approaches applicable to the daily life environment. Developments in academic research and commercialization from the early period are reviewed. The latest outcomes are brie y investigated and roughly categorized into three main models: miniature portable monitors for ambulatory application, functional fabric-based wearable monitors for better comfort, and unobtrusively deployed invisible monitors for optimum usability. Monitors for seamless monitoring of physiological information in the daily life environment differ from conventional devices that are hospital-centered and aimed at short-term use in clinics. Through scrutinizing the current systems and examining their various pros and cons, we identify existing common concerns, provide insight into problem determinants, and suggest research topics for further study. In the near future, we envision that the home will be transformed into an intelligent hub for lifelong healthcare through seamless monitoring of the human body in the daily life environment, which will foster the development of a new discipline Metrology of Health or Healthology based on a holistic view of health.
As one of the prevalent tumors worldwide, gastric cancer (GC) has obtained sufficient attention i... more As one of the prevalent tumors worldwide, gastric cancer (GC) has obtained sufficient attention in its clinical management and prognostic stratification. Senescence-related genes are involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of GC. A machine learning algorithm-based prognostic signature was developed from six senescence-related genes including SERPINE1, FEN1, PDGFRB, SNCG, TCF3, and APOC3. The TCGA-STAD cohort was utilized as a training set while the GSE84437 and GSE13861 cohorts were analyzed for validation. Immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy efficacy were investigated in the PRJEB25780 cohort. Data from the genomics of drug sensitivity in cancer (GDSC) database revealed pharmacological response. The GSE13861 and GSE54129 cohorts, single-cell dataset GSE134520, and The Human Protein Atlas (THPA) database were utilized for localization of the key senescence-related genes. Association of a higher risk-score with worse overall survival (OS) was identified in the training cohort (TCGA-STAD, P<0.001; HR = 2.03, 95% CI, 1.45-2.84) and the validation cohorts (GSE84437, P = 0.005; HR = 1.48, 95% CI, 1.16-1.95; GSE13861, P = 0.03; HR = 2.23, 95% CI, 1.07-4.62). The risk-score was positively correlated with densities of tumor-infiltrating immunosuppressive cells (P < 0.05) and was lower in patients who responded to pembrolizumab monotherapy (P = 0.03). Besides, patients with a high risk-score had higher sensitivities to the inhibitors against the PI3K-mTOR and angiogenesis (P < 0.05). Expression analysis verified the promoting roles of FEN1, PDGFRB, SERPINE1, and TCF3, and the suppressing roles of APOC3 and SNCG in GC, respectively. Immunohistochemistry staining and single-cell analysis revealed their location and potential origins. Taken together, the senescence gene-based model may potentially change the management of GC by enabling risk stratification and predicting response to systemic therapy.
The efficient rhodium(iii)-catalyzed coupling of phosphonium cations with internal alkynes for th... more The efficient rhodium(iii)-catalyzed coupling of phosphonium cations with internal alkynes for the construction of various 3,4,5-trisubstituted phenols is described.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Health Informatics, 2012
This study aims at detecting changes in daily lifestyle by using pulse rate measured during sleep... more This study aims at detecting changes in daily lifestyle by using pulse rate measured during sleep. A convenient system for pulse rate measurement during sleep and an algorithm for detection of lifestyle changes were developed in this study. The data collection system consists of a home unit and a database server. The home unit includes a Bluetooth-enabled SpO 2 sensor and a relay station. The sensor measures pulse rate (PR) and SpO 2 beat-by-beat. The relay station receives the measured PR and SpO 2 data via Bluetooth connection with the sensor, and then transmits these data to the database server through Internet automatically. The database server manages the data and performs data analysis. Daily PR data were preprocessed to suppress spike-like noise and movement artefact. Changes in daily lifestyle were detected by a dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm. Vital data were collected from a healthy college student during daily sleep time over one year, and were used to examine the prototype system. The results showed that unusual or irregular events, such as too much alcohol drink, physical illness and mental stress, could be identified successfully. The system seems promising in application of health care and management under daily life environment.
PurposePercutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) is one of the most common minimal... more PurposePercutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) is one of the most common minimally invasive surgery methods used in clinic in recent years. In this study, we developed a computer‐aided detection system (CADS) based on convolutional neural network (CNN) to automatically recognize nerve and dura mater images under PTED surgery.MethodsWe collected surgical videos from 65 patients with lumbar disc herniation who underwent PTED; we then converted the videos into images, and randomly divided some images into a training dataset, a validation dataset, test dataset. The training dataset and validation dataset were composed of 10 454 images containing nerve and dura mater from 50 randomly selected patients; test dataset contained 12 000 images from the remaining 15 patients.ResultsThe results showed that sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy reached 90.90%, 93.68%, and 92.29%, respectively. CADS could recognize the nerve and dura mater with no significant difference (P > ...
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of lower limbs can easily arise from prolonged sitting or standing. El... more Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of lower limbs can easily arise from prolonged sitting or standing. Elders and pregnant women are most likely to have this disease. When the embolus of DVT comes to pass the lung, it will become a life-threatening disease. Thus, for DVT disease, early detection and the early treatment are needed. The goal of this study was to develop an examination system to be used at non-medical places to detect the DVT of lower limbs with light reflection rheography (LRR). Consisting of a wearable device and a mobile application (APP), the system is operated in a wireless manner to control the actions of sensors and display and store the LRR signals on the APP. Then, the recorded LRR signals are processed to find the parameters of DVT examination. Twenty subjects were recruited to perform experiments. The veins of lower limbs were occluded by pressuring the cuff up to 100 mmHg and 150 mmHg to simulate the slight and serious DVT scenarios, respectively. Six characteristi...
Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most frequently conducted surgical procedures worldwide. Lap... more Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most frequently conducted surgical procedures worldwide. Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair is considered to be technically challenging. Artificial intelligence technology has made significant progress in medical imaging, but its application in laparoscopic surgery has not been widely carried out. Our aim is to detect vas deferens images in laparoscopic inguinal hernial repair using the convolutional neural network (CNN) and help surgeons to identify the vas deferens in time. We collected surgery videos from 35 patients with inguinal hernia who underwent laparoscopic hernia repair. We classified and labeled the images of the vas deferens and used the CNN to learn the image features. Totally, 2,600 images (26 patients) were labeled for training and validating the neural network and 1,200 images (6 patients) and 6 short video clips (3 patients) for testing. We adjusted the model parameters and tested the performance of the model under different co...
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
In recent years, wearable monitoring devices have been very popular in the health care field and ... more In recent years, wearable monitoring devices have been very popular in the health care field and are being used to avoid sport injuries during exercise. They are usually worn on the wrist, the same as sport watches, or on the chest, like an electrocardiogram patch. Common functions of these wearable devices are that they use real time to display the state of health of the body, and they are all small sized. The electromyogram (EMG) signal is usually used to show muscle activity. Thus, the EMG signal could be used to determine the muscle-fatigue conditions. In this study, the goal is to develop an EMG patch which could be worn on the lower leg, the gastrocnemius muscle, to detect real-time muscle fatigue while exercising. A micro controller unit (MCU) in the EMG patch is part of an ARM Cortex-M4 processor, which is used to measure the median frequency (MF) of an EMG signal in real time. When the muscle starts showing tiredness, the median frequency will shift to a low frequency. In order to delete the noise of the isotonic EMG signal, the EMG patch has to run the empirical mode decomposition algorithm. A two-electrode circuit was designed to measure the EMG signal. The maximum power consumption of the EMG patch was about 39.5 mAh. In order to verify that the real-time MF values measured by the EMG patch were close to the off-line MF values measured by the computer system, we used the root-mean-square value to estimate the difference in the real-time MF values and the off-line MF values. There were 20 participants that rode an exercise bicycle at different speeds. Their EMG signals were recorded with an EMG patch and a physiological measurement system at the same time. Every participant rode the exercise bicycle twice. The averaged root-mean-square values were 2.86 ± 0.86 Hz and 2.56 ± 0.47 Hz for the first and second time, respectively. Moreover, we also developed an application program implemented on a smart phone to display the participants' muscle-fatigue conditions and information while exercising. Therefore, the EMG patch designed in this study could monitor the muscle-fatigue conditions to avoid sport injuries while exercising.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Currently, in terms of reducing the infection risk of the COVID-19 virus spreading all over the w... more Currently, in terms of reducing the infection risk of the COVID-19 virus spreading all over the world, the development of touchless blood pressure (BP) measurement has potential benefits. The pulse transit time (PTT) has a high relation with BP, which can be measured by electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG). The ballistocardiogram (BCG) reflects the mechanical vibration (or displacement) caused by the heart contraction/relaxation (or heart beating), which can be measured from multiple degrees of the body. The goal of this study is to develop a cuffless and touchless BP-measurement method based on a commercial weight scale combined with a PPG sensor when measuring body weight. The proposed method was that the PTTBCG-PPGT was extracted from the BCG signal measured by a weight scale, and the PPG signal was measured from the PPG probe placed at the toe. Four PTT models were used to estimate BP. The reference method was the PTTECG-PPGF extracted from the ECG signal and PPG...
Sarcopenia is a wild chronic disease among elderly people. Although it does not entail a life-thr... more Sarcopenia is a wild chronic disease among elderly people. Although it does not entail a life-threatening risk, it will increase the adverse risk due to the associated unsteady gait, fall, fractures, and functional disability. The import factors in diagnosing sarcopenia are muscle mass and strength. The examination of muscle mass must be carried in the clinic. However, the loss of muscle mass can be improved by rehabilitation that can be performed in non-medical environments. Electronic impedance myography (EIM) can measure some parameters of muscles that have the correlations with muscle mass and strength. The goal of this study is to use machine learning algorithms to estimate the total mass of thigh muscles (MoTM) with the parameters of EIM and body information. We explored the seven major muscles of lower limbs. The feature selection methods, including recursive feature elimination (RFE) and feature combination, were used to select the optimal features based on the ridge regress...
Endothelial dysfunction has been shown to be an important risk factor in the pathogenesis of athe... more Endothelial dysfunction has been shown to be an important risk factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. The flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the peripheral arteries is an endothelium-dependent function, which is assessed by measuring the diameter change in the brachial artery before and after ischemic stress. Brachial-artery ultrasound scanning (BAUS) is the gold standard for assessing the FMD in clinical practice. However, ultrasonography requires an operator or physician with a professional training to perform accurate measurement of the diameter of the brachial artery. Thus, some studies have used the cuff method to measure the FMD in percentage, the value of which is significantly larger than that using BAUS. The goal of this study was to explore this phenomenon. We explain the interaction between the volume changes (oscillation magnitudes in volume due to cardiac pulsations) of the artery and cuff bladder under different transmural pres...
The arterial wall elastance is an important indicator of arterial stiffness and a kind of manifes... more The arterial wall elastance is an important indicator of arterial stiffness and a kind of manifestation associated with vessel-related disease. The time-varying arterial wall elastances can be measured using a multiple-frequency vibration approach according to the Voigt and Maxwell model. However, such a method needs extensive calculation time and its operating steps are very complex. Thus, the aim of this study is to propose a simple and easy method for assessing the time-varying arterial wall elastances with the single-frequency vibration approach. This method was developed according to the simplified Voigt and Maxwell model. Thus, the arterial wall elastance measured using this method was compared with the elastance measured using the multiple-frequency vibration approach. In the single-frequency vibration approach, a moving probe of a vibrator was induced with a radial displacement of 0.15 mm and a 40 Hz frequency. The tip of the probe directly contacted the wall of a superficia...
2018 IEEE 4th International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC), 2018
This paper explores the impact of bathtub water temperature on personal identification with ECG s... more This paper explores the impact of bathtub water temperature on personal identification with ECG signal using convolutional neural network. Ten volunteers' ECG records are collected with lead-III at low temperature of bathtub water $(38\pm0.2\ {{}^{\circ} \mathrm{C}}$ in average) and high temperature of bathtub water $(42\pm 0.5 {{}^{\circ}\mathrm{C}}$ in average) environments, respectively. Each record is about $5\pm 1$ minutes at low temperature and $4\pm1$ minutes at high temperature. In the data preprocessing stage, we denoise the original ECG signal and segment the QRS complex on a beat-by-beat basis. Then, we perform two interpolation calculations based on the QRS segmentation and convert the QRS complex into a binary image one by one. When we use the ECG signals which are collected at low temperature to train and test the CNN model, the identification rate is 82.67%. However, if we use the ECG signal collected at high temperature to test this trained CNN model, the identif...
The analysis of the resting behavior of domestic animals must include the analysis of eyelid and ... more The analysis of the resting behavior of domestic animals must include the analysis of eyelid and eyeball movements and bodily motion. We developed an apparatus for measuring the movement of eyelids and eyeballs of domestic animals. The apparatus consists of a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera placed in the eyelid region of a head mask, and an infrared light-emitting diode as light source. Two types of apparatus have been developed: one, using a wire system and the other, using a measurable telemetry system in an unrestricted state. The weight of the device with the wire system was about 50 g and that with the telemetry system was about 880 g. The operating time of the telem etry system was 24 h or more when nickel-hydrogen was used in the power supply. By using the wire system in calf, the movements of the eyelid and eyeball could be divided into four categories: fully open eyelid movement, half-closed eyelid movement, fully closed eyelid movement and eyeball movement. The results ...
In recent years, wearable devices have been popularly applied in the health care field. The elect... more In recent years, wearable devices have been popularly applied in the health care field. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is the most used signal. However, the ECG is measured under a body-motion condition, which is easily coupled with some noise, like as power line noise (PLn) and electromyogram (EMG). This paper presents a grey spectral noise cancellation (GSNC) scheme for electrocardiogram (ECG) signals where two-stage discrimination is employed with the empirical mode decomposition (EMD), the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and the grey spectral noise estimation (GSNE). In the first stage of the proposed GSNC scheme, the input ECG signal is decomposed by the EMD to obtain a set of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Then, the noise energies of IMFs are estimated by the GSNE. When an IMF is considered as noisy one, it is forwarded to the second stage for further check. In the second stage, the suspicious IMFs are reconstructed and decomposed by the EEMD. Then the IMFs are dis...
The Fifth International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (CIT'05), 2005
Abstract Design and implementation of a multiple vital signs monitoring system based upon mobile ... more Abstract Design and implementation of a multiple vital signs monitoring system based upon mobile telephony and Internet infrastructure for e-health are described. The system hierarchy comprises three layers for sensing, communication, and management. The core of the sensing layer is a wearable sensor unit, including a cordless sensor device and a sensor-wear garment, suitable for vital signs real-time monitoring without discomfort and constraint during daily activities. The communication layer performs bi-directional data/command ...
Data Mining in Medical and Biological Research, 2008
The latest CPU, the Yorkfield XE, contains 820 million transistors on 2 × 107 mm² dies and featur... more The latest CPU, the Yorkfield XE, contains 820 million transistors on 2 × 107 mm² dies and features a 1333 MT/s FSB and a clock speed of 3 GHz (Intel Corp., 2007). Since the first integrated circuit (IC), which contained a single transistor and several resistors on an 11 × 1.6 mm 2 germanium chip, was fabricated by Jack Kilby in 1958, advanced 45 nm semiconductor technology makes it possible to condense an entire complicated spread-spectrum telecommunication system into a magic box as small as a mobile phone. Today, we are interconnected through wired and wireless networks, and surrounded by an invisible pervasive computing environment. This makes "information at your fingertips" and "commerce at light speed" possible. We are already acclimatized to enjoy everything worldwide conveniently, wherever we are. We enjoy online shopping and share information with friends from the other side of the Earth in an instant. However, this is a double-edged sword. Our daily lifestyle has changed dramatically. While we may benefit from the advantages of today's society, at the same time, we face many unprecedented problems in the health domain, which have emerged with all of these changes. One of the greatest concerns is the ascent of chronic illness that has occurred concurrently with the accompanying lifestyle changes. Figure 1 shows the change in mortality among different diseases from acute to chronic over the past 100 years in Japan. There has not been a large change in conventional causes of death, such as contingency, caducity, and pneumonia. Acute infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis, have disappeared completely since the 1980s. However, death due to chronic conditions is increasing. The leading causes of death are the three "C" top killer diseases: cerebral, cardiovascular, and cancer (malignant neoplasm), which account for 60 per cent of total deaths. Fig. 1. Change in mortality of different diseases over the previous century in Japan.
This article sums up a series of mathematical studies on sensory-difference limen with a stimulus... more This article sums up a series of mathematical studies on sensory-difference limen with a stimulus-effect model designed according to a basic assumption of evolution. The ability of human sensory receptors to control biophysical effects in the brain has been translated into mathematical language, which provides a characteristic function for receptor sensitivity. Experimental evidence is taken from published literature exclusively. The article ends in a modified expression of Weber&#x27;s law, which agrees with experiments at all levels of stimulus intensity in which human receptors have proper sensation.
This paper reviews endeavors over the past decades to achieve seamless monitoring of various type... more This paper reviews endeavors over the past decades to achieve seamless monitoring of various types of physiological information by a variety of high user-af nity approaches applicable to the daily life environment. Developments in academic research and commercialization from the early period are reviewed. The latest outcomes are brie y investigated and roughly categorized into three main models: miniature portable monitors for ambulatory application, functional fabric-based wearable monitors for better comfort, and unobtrusively deployed invisible monitors for optimum usability. Monitors for seamless monitoring of physiological information in the daily life environment differ from conventional devices that are hospital-centered and aimed at short-term use in clinics. Through scrutinizing the current systems and examining their various pros and cons, we identify existing common concerns, provide insight into problem determinants, and suggest research topics for further study. In the near future, we envision that the home will be transformed into an intelligent hub for lifelong healthcare through seamless monitoring of the human body in the daily life environment, which will foster the development of a new discipline Metrology of Health or Healthology based on a holistic view of health.
As one of the prevalent tumors worldwide, gastric cancer (GC) has obtained sufficient attention i... more As one of the prevalent tumors worldwide, gastric cancer (GC) has obtained sufficient attention in its clinical management and prognostic stratification. Senescence-related genes are involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of GC. A machine learning algorithm-based prognostic signature was developed from six senescence-related genes including SERPINE1, FEN1, PDGFRB, SNCG, TCF3, and APOC3. The TCGA-STAD cohort was utilized as a training set while the GSE84437 and GSE13861 cohorts were analyzed for validation. Immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy efficacy were investigated in the PRJEB25780 cohort. Data from the genomics of drug sensitivity in cancer (GDSC) database revealed pharmacological response. The GSE13861 and GSE54129 cohorts, single-cell dataset GSE134520, and The Human Protein Atlas (THPA) database were utilized for localization of the key senescence-related genes. Association of a higher risk-score with worse overall survival (OS) was identified in the training cohort (TCGA-STAD, P<0.001; HR = 2.03, 95% CI, 1.45-2.84) and the validation cohorts (GSE84437, P = 0.005; HR = 1.48, 95% CI, 1.16-1.95; GSE13861, P = 0.03; HR = 2.23, 95% CI, 1.07-4.62). The risk-score was positively correlated with densities of tumor-infiltrating immunosuppressive cells (P < 0.05) and was lower in patients who responded to pembrolizumab monotherapy (P = 0.03). Besides, patients with a high risk-score had higher sensitivities to the inhibitors against the PI3K-mTOR and angiogenesis (P < 0.05). Expression analysis verified the promoting roles of FEN1, PDGFRB, SERPINE1, and TCF3, and the suppressing roles of APOC3 and SNCG in GC, respectively. Immunohistochemistry staining and single-cell analysis revealed their location and potential origins. Taken together, the senescence gene-based model may potentially change the management of GC by enabling risk stratification and predicting response to systemic therapy.
The efficient rhodium(iii)-catalyzed coupling of phosphonium cations with internal alkynes for th... more The efficient rhodium(iii)-catalyzed coupling of phosphonium cations with internal alkynes for the construction of various 3,4,5-trisubstituted phenols is described.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Health Informatics, 2012
This study aims at detecting changes in daily lifestyle by using pulse rate measured during sleep... more This study aims at detecting changes in daily lifestyle by using pulse rate measured during sleep. A convenient system for pulse rate measurement during sleep and an algorithm for detection of lifestyle changes were developed in this study. The data collection system consists of a home unit and a database server. The home unit includes a Bluetooth-enabled SpO 2 sensor and a relay station. The sensor measures pulse rate (PR) and SpO 2 beat-by-beat. The relay station receives the measured PR and SpO 2 data via Bluetooth connection with the sensor, and then transmits these data to the database server through Internet automatically. The database server manages the data and performs data analysis. Daily PR data were preprocessed to suppress spike-like noise and movement artefact. Changes in daily lifestyle were detected by a dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm. Vital data were collected from a healthy college student during daily sleep time over one year, and were used to examine the prototype system. The results showed that unusual or irregular events, such as too much alcohol drink, physical illness and mental stress, could be identified successfully. The system seems promising in application of health care and management under daily life environment.
PurposePercutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) is one of the most common minimal... more PurposePercutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) is one of the most common minimally invasive surgery methods used in clinic in recent years. In this study, we developed a computer‐aided detection system (CADS) based on convolutional neural network (CNN) to automatically recognize nerve and dura mater images under PTED surgery.MethodsWe collected surgical videos from 65 patients with lumbar disc herniation who underwent PTED; we then converted the videos into images, and randomly divided some images into a training dataset, a validation dataset, test dataset. The training dataset and validation dataset were composed of 10 454 images containing nerve and dura mater from 50 randomly selected patients; test dataset contained 12 000 images from the remaining 15 patients.ResultsThe results showed that sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy reached 90.90%, 93.68%, and 92.29%, respectively. CADS could recognize the nerve and dura mater with no significant difference (P > ...
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of lower limbs can easily arise from prolonged sitting or standing. El... more Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of lower limbs can easily arise from prolonged sitting or standing. Elders and pregnant women are most likely to have this disease. When the embolus of DVT comes to pass the lung, it will become a life-threatening disease. Thus, for DVT disease, early detection and the early treatment are needed. The goal of this study was to develop an examination system to be used at non-medical places to detect the DVT of lower limbs with light reflection rheography (LRR). Consisting of a wearable device and a mobile application (APP), the system is operated in a wireless manner to control the actions of sensors and display and store the LRR signals on the APP. Then, the recorded LRR signals are processed to find the parameters of DVT examination. Twenty subjects were recruited to perform experiments. The veins of lower limbs were occluded by pressuring the cuff up to 100 mmHg and 150 mmHg to simulate the slight and serious DVT scenarios, respectively. Six characteristi...
Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most frequently conducted surgical procedures worldwide. Lap... more Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most frequently conducted surgical procedures worldwide. Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair is considered to be technically challenging. Artificial intelligence technology has made significant progress in medical imaging, but its application in laparoscopic surgery has not been widely carried out. Our aim is to detect vas deferens images in laparoscopic inguinal hernial repair using the convolutional neural network (CNN) and help surgeons to identify the vas deferens in time. We collected surgery videos from 35 patients with inguinal hernia who underwent laparoscopic hernia repair. We classified and labeled the images of the vas deferens and used the CNN to learn the image features. Totally, 2,600 images (26 patients) were labeled for training and validating the neural network and 1,200 images (6 patients) and 6 short video clips (3 patients) for testing. We adjusted the model parameters and tested the performance of the model under different co...
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