Papers by syubbanul wathon
Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Jul 25, 2022
Since the malaria outbreak in 2011, the breeding place of Anopheles in Bangsring Village on Banyu... more Since the malaria outbreak in 2011, the breeding place of Anopheles in Bangsring Village on Banyuwangi District has been monitored by District Public Health Office as part of a vector surveillance program. Morphological identification is still a standard tool to observe Anopheles occurrence and diversity, but the presence of cryptic species made it unreliable. In this study, a molecular approach called DNA barcoding technique was used to assist the morphology-based techniques to identify Anopheles species found in Bangsring. The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequence was used as molecular marker. Based on the morphological features, we were able to identify Anopheles (An.) vagus, An. subpictus, An. sundaicus and An. aconitus. ITS2 sequences from the four identified species were then analyzed simultaneously with eighteen reference sequences from NCBI which had a high similarity of 98-100%. The NJ phylogenetic tree formed three major clades, where the two clades as monophyletic clades were An. vagus and An. aconitus. Another clade was formed as polyphyletic clade containing An. subpictus and An. sundaicus. Although An. subpictus and An. sundaicus were placed in the same clade, seven nucleotide differences were observed in their ITS2 sequence. The intra-specific variation of those two species was 0.08 and 0.49%, respectively, while the interspecific variation was 1.39%. Interspecific variation which was higher than the mean intra-specific variation might indicate that An. sundaicus and An. subpictus were a distantly species. However, the value of interspecific variation lower than 3% might also indicate that those species were classified as a complex species. All ITS2 sequences from morphologically identified species had similar results with molecular-based techniques. This result showed that molecular identification using the ITS2 sequence was reliable in supporting morphological identification among closely related anopheline mosquitoes and gave further information about their evolutionary divergence.
Biotrends, Jan 19, 2018
agal jantung adalah salah satu penyebab utama meningkatnya morbiditas dan kematian di seluruh dun... more agal jantung adalah salah satu penyebab utama meningkatnya morbiditas dan kematian di seluruh dunia. Efek dari gagal jantung banyak terjadi, terutama di negara berkembang. 2 Gagal jantung adalah sindrom klinis kompleks G Gambar 1. Klasifikasi gagal jantung, gejala, dan terapi menurut American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) mengenai gagal jantung
IOP conference series, Nov 1, 2021
Malaria’s cases have been reported to occur annually in Wongsorejo district of Banyuwangi, East J... more Malaria’s cases have been reported to occur annually in Wongsorejo district of Banyuwangi, East Java since 2002. However, there is a significant decrease of malaria cases during these last years, which might be related to the malaria vector species shifting composition. The objective of this research was to observe some important bionomic characteristics of malaria vector Anopheles in this area from 2015 until 2020 which include species identification, blood feeding behaviour and biting preference of vector. The data collection i.e. determination of Anopheles diversity and behaviour was conducted monthly for 3-6 months annually from 2015 – 2018. In 2019-2020 we sampled irregularly to see the trend. The results showed that there were species shifting of Anopheles vectors in this area. The proportion of Anopheles (An.) sundaicus and An. subpictus, which were previously reported until 2015 as the main Anopheles species in this area, significantly decreased in 2016 - 2018. An. indefinitus & An. vagus was becoming the majority of Anopheles species. During 2019-2020, An. vagus became the main species identified in the sampling area. The predominant species of An. vagus and An. indefinitus has exophagic and zoophilic preference behaviour. Furthermore, An. indefinitus has not previously been identified as a vector for malaria, compared to An. sundaius, and An. subpictus which are well known as an important primary malaria vector on Java Island, Indonesia.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Sep 28, 2022
The implication of Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) salivary components on the host immune system rema... more The implication of Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) salivary components on the host immune system remains a crucial factor to be revealed for evaluating the risk of dengue infection. The salivary gland of mosquitoes has been known to contain several biological components that facilitate blood-feeding and contribute to successful pathogens transmission. These processes are mediated by the antigenic and immunogenic molecules inside the salivary cocktails. During the blood-feeding, mosquitoes injected the saliva and hosts will develop immune responses as a counterattack against salivary components. Several studies showed that the evaluation of antibody responses towards arthropod-vector saliva could be a biological indicator to estimate the vector's exposure. Sensitisation of Ae. aegypti Salivary Gland Protein Extract (SGPE) were used to clarify mosquito feeding's implication to host humoral immune response (IgG). Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to analyse IgG quantitatively from sera sample of the murine model, i.e. BALB mice. Results showed that elevated IgG levels were in accordance with the increasing concentration of SGPE as well as longer time of exposure. This result indicated that mice immune response had been modulated by Ae. aegypti salivary components. Therefore, we could assess Ae. aegypti salivates exposure by analysing IgG quantitatively as potential biomarkers for vector bites.
Biosfer: Jurnal Biologi dan Pendidikan Biologi, Jun 29, 2018
I. PENDAHULUAN Malaria merupakan salah satu penyakit menular yang menjadi masalah di Indonesia (K... more I. PENDAHULUAN Malaria merupakan salah satu penyakit menular yang menjadi masalah di Indonesia (Kemenkes RI, 2017). Malaria disebabkan oleh parasit protozoa Plasmodium yang ditransmisikan oleh nyamuk Anopheles (An.) betina kepada manusia (CDC, 2017). Pada tahun 2011, terjadi Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) di Indonesia. Salah satu daerah yang mengalami KLB di Jawa Timur adalah Desa Bangsring, Kecamatan Wongsorejo, Kabupaten Banyuwangi dengan 90 kasus dari 173 kasus malaria di Banyuwangi pada tahun 2011. Antara tahun 2013-2016, kejadian malaria di Kabupaten Banyuwangi cenderung menurun dan kebanyakan merupakan kasus import (Dinkes Banyuwangi, 2016). Namun demikian, tempat perindukan Anopheles sebagai vektor malaria masih banyak ditemukan di daerah tersebut. Nyamuk Anopheles yang berperan sebagai vektor malaria di Indonesia sekitar 22 spesies (Bonne, 1953). Sebagian besar merupakan spe
Universa Medicina: Jurnal Kedokteran Trisakti, Nov 20, 2021
BACKGROUND Dengue virus is transmitted by several species of Aedes mosquitoes, with Aedes albopic... more BACKGROUND Dengue virus is transmitted by several species of Aedes mosquitoes, with Aedes albopictus as secondary vector. During blood feeding, these vectors inject saliva into the vertebrate hosts. The saliva contains anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory and immunogenic factors. The objective of this research was to detect immunogenic proteins from Ae.albopictus salivary glands reacting with sera of people living in dengue endemic areas. METHODS The identification of immunogenic proteins of Ae. albopictus salivary gland used one-dimensional gel electrophoresis (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), and western blot analysis, respectively. To determine the immunogenic nature of the candidate proteins, the antigens from the salivary gland of Ae. albopictus were reacted with sera from healthy persons, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) patients, and neonates, each of the groups comprising 10 samples. RESULTS The protein profiles of Ae. albopictus salivary glands showed 13 bands with molecular weights from 16 kDa up to 97 kDa, i.
Warta Pengabdian, Jun 28, 2019
The Bondowoso Regency has great potential to evolve into a center for the batik creative industry... more The Bondowoso Regency has great potential to evolve into a center for the batik creative industry. However, there are still no batik products that demonstrate the uniqueness of the Bondowoso Regency. Several community groups in Suling Wetan Village, Cermee Subdistrict, Bondowoso Regency, have been running batik businesses as artisans since 2015. The community groups have had the basic skills to produce batik; unfortunately, they still do not give any impact to the growth of the cultural tourism destinations in Bondowoso. The old batik designs do not attract buyers, have limited color combinations, and only rely on synthetic batik dyes. Through the partnership service program that has been implemented, some of the batik community businesses can develop their products. This partnership service program is done by several activities, such as: socialization; workshops on batik design and the use of natural dyes; training on natural materials and batik coloring; procurement of gawangan 1 , pendulum 2 and accessories; training and mentoring techniques for making interesting batik motifs and coloring using natural dyes; and the dialogue to develop the creative batik industry. The results of this program are to develop not only the Suling Wetan Village but also make the batik community business in Cermee Subdistrict, independently grow as a creative batik industry. These improvements also captivate the cultural tourism in Bondowoso Regency.
Jurnal Bioteknologi dan Biosains Indonesia, Dec 1, 2021
The presence of intraspecies variations of An. vagus later categorized as the subspecies of An. v... more The presence of intraspecies variations of An. vagus later categorized as the subspecies of An. vagus vagus and An. vagus limosus, could be an obstacle to the identification process, which is an important step for malaria vector's competence characterization. Based on morphological identification, those subspecies could be distinguished by the presences of pale scales in prehumeral and pale bands in proboscis. The objective of this research was to compare subspecies complexes of An. vagus morphologically and molecularly using Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2). Anopheles samples were collected from Bangsring, Banyuwangi. Their phylogenetic tree was constructed by using NJ method based on their ITS2 sequences. BLAST result showed that An. vagus vagus and An. vagus limosus were similar to An. vagus FJ654649.1 from East Java Indonesia and East Timor based on its 99% homology and their molecular distance. The Neighbour Joining (NJ) tree grouped those subspecies in one clade with a boostrap value of 82%. This subspeciation might be due to the different rates of evolution. ITS2 sequences of An. vagus vagus and An. vagus limosus were submitted to GenBank with the accession number of MW314227.1 and MW319822.1, respectively.
Berkala Sainstek (E-journal), Nov 30, 2020
Buta warna merupakan kelainan genetis yang menyebabkan ketidakmampuan seseorang dalam membedakan ... more Buta warna merupakan kelainan genetis yang menyebabkan ketidakmampuan seseorang dalam membedakan warna seperti warna merah, biru, dan hijau. Buta warna merah-hijau merupakan salah satu tipe buta warna yang paling sering terjadi. Kelainan ini disebabkan oleh alel resesif c (color blind) yang terangkai pada kromosom X. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi buta warna siswa SMA di Kota Jember. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada siswa kelas XI SMAN di Kota Jember yaitu SMAN 1, SMAN 2, SMAN 3, SMAN 4, dan SMAN 5 dengan pengambilan sampel secara acak sebanyak 353 siswa. Tes buta warna pada siswa menggunakan buku Ishihara. Analisis data dilakukan untuk mengetahui prevalensi buta warna, frekuensi alel, dan untuk menguji hukum kesetimbangan genetik Hardy-Weinberg menggunakan uji Chi-Square pada taraf signifikasi 0,05. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa prevalensi buta warna siswa SMA di Kota Jember adalah 3,68%, dengan frekuensi alel buta warna 0,09 dan alel normalnya adalah 0,91. Hasil pengujian kesetimbangan genetik Hardy-Weinberg menunjukkan nilai Chi-Square 1,74 pada derajat bebas = 3, dengan nilai probabilitas antara 0,80 dan 0,50 yang menujukkan tidak ada penyimpangan yang signifikan. Kesimpulannya adalah frekuensi genotip dan frekuensi alel buta warna pada siswa SMA di Kota Jember sesuai dengan hukum kesetimbangan genetik Hardy-Weinberg.
Jurnal Bioteknologi dan Biosains Indonesia, Jul 1, 2020
The salivary gland of arthropod vector contains various bioactive compounds and plays a role in t... more The salivary gland of arthropod vector contains various bioactive compounds and plays a role in the transmission of pathogens to the host. The host develops anti-salivary antibodies against vector saliva exposure. Our previous research has identified two immunogenic proteins with molecular weights of 31 and 56 kDa from the Aedes aegypti salivary gland protein extract. However, the role of the 31 and 56 kDa immunogenic proteins from saliva Ae. aegypti is not fully known, so it is necessary to purify two immunogenic protein fractions to better specify the target of developing a dengue vaccine. This study aimed to purify the 31 and 56 kDa immunogenic protein fractions by electroelution and dialysis methods. The purification of the two protein fractions has been successful which were confirmed by the SDS-PAGE by the existence of single-band parallel to the positive control. These results were further supported by the dot blot analysis which showed a positive reaction in the form of dark spots in the two protein fractions which were reacted with dengue patients' serum, endemic healthy people, and neonates. These results indicated that the purified 31 and 56 kDa immunogenic protein fraction can be identified by specific antibodies.
Medicinski arhiv, 2021
Background:Anopheles mosquitoes are vectors of malaria, which is a serious health issue in Indone... more Background:Anopheles mosquitoes are vectors of malaria, which is a serious health issue in Indonesia. Thus, vector control is an important approach taken to overcome this disease. The first and most important step in vector control is vector identification. As some Anopheles species share similar morphological features, molecular identification helps make the process more accurate by using specific DNA sequences as molecular markers such as Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2). Many of the available ITS2 primers are universally designed for insects and, as such, are typically less specific for identifying certain genera, such as Anopheles sp. Therefore, redesigning a specific ITS2 primer is needed for specific Anopheles identification.Objective:Our objective was to redesign a specific PCR primer for Anopheles species.Methods:The redesigned primer, named sma-ITS2, was then tested using mosquito samples from the Anopheles genus and other genera. Each mosquito was identified morphologically and their genomes were extracted. DNA samples were then amplified using the redesigned primer.Results:The sma-ITS2 primer pair was capable of amplifying ITS2 sequences from all of the Anopheles samples and unable to amplify any of the non-Anopheles samples, suggesting that it is specific to Anopheles only. ll Anopheles samples were also able to be identified, only An. indefinitus were not able to be separated from its complex species, An. vagus.Conclusion:The sma-ITS2 primer pair was able to identify intra-species of Anopheles, but its efficiency in making differentiations within a species complex should be evaluated further.
Halaman 2.1 Siklus hidup nyamuk Ae. aegypti ………………………………....... 2.2 Perbedaan morfologi antena Ae... more Halaman 2.1 Siklus hidup nyamuk Ae. aegypti ………………………………....... 2.2 Perbedaan morfologi antena Ae. aegypti jantan dan betina ……….. 2.3 Perbedaan toraks bagian dorsal dua spesies genus Aedes ……….…. 4.1 Morfologi kelenjar saliva Ae. aegypti betina ………………………..
IOP conference series, Nov 1, 2021
The mosquito species Ae. aegyptiand Ae. albopictusare two potential vectors of dengue fever. The ... more The mosquito species Ae. aegyptiand Ae. albopictusare two potential vectors of dengue fever. The salivary glands of these species contain substances that play a role in the transmission of pathogens. These include vasodilators and immunomodulatory compounds. Immunomodulatory components can modulate the host immune system by producing specific antibodies (IgG). This study aims to investigate the human immune response (IgG) against the salivary gland extract of Ae. aegyptiand Ae. albopictus. Samples were collected from individuals who were Dengue patients, as well as healthy individuals and neonates from the Jember endemic area. Results show that the levels of IgG response vary across the individual. Generally, Dengue patients and healthy people in the DHF-endemic area had higher levels of IgG. The highest immune response was found in DHF patients, followed by healthy persons, and finally the neonate samples, respectively.
IOP conference series, May 1, 2021
The Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS 2) is a small non-coding region located inside the nuclear... more The Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS 2) is a small non-coding region located inside the nuclear ribosomal DNA cluster. ITS 2 sequence variability is widely used in taxonomy and molecular phylogeny. Based on this molecular marker, this study aimed to identify and to construct phylogenetic analysis of D. melanogaster from our laboratory. The phylogenetic tree was constructed after analysis on DNA sequence was conducted by encoding its ITS2 using Unweight Pair Group (UPGMA) method. The result showed that our D. melanogaster wild type and all mutant strains have high similiarity to D. melanogaster 28 S ribosomal RNA gene partial sequence (Gene bank Acc GU 597379.1) (identity score up to 99%). Phylogenetic tree showed that D. melanogaster plum mutant was closely related to D. melanogaster 28 S ribosomal RNA gene partial sequence (Gene bank Acc GU 597379.1), they also belonged to one cluster. Next to this cluster are sepia and clot mutant, in addition to the wild type and black mutant in one cluster. All the mutants and wild type belonged to one clade. While the vestigial mutant stayed in the different clade.
Jurnal Biolokus
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium and transmitted to humans through the Anoph... more Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium and transmitted to humans through the Anopheles mosquito vector. The large diversity of Anopheles in Indonesia, which consists of similar complex species, makes it difficult to identify species based on morphological characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to have another approach to identifying species based on molecular characteristics using DNA molecular markers. This approach becomes important as a basis for vector-based malaria control efforts. This research aims to explore potential DNA barcodes based on in silico studies as a reference for DNA barcoding analysis of Anopheles species in Indonesia. The data sequences of CO1 and ITS2 from Anopheles sp. were collected on the NCBI database. The sequence alignment was performed using CLUSTALX2. The construction of a phylogenetic tree was carried out using MEGA XI. Data analysis was performed by observing the construction of phylogenetic trees, bootstrap scores, and genetic d...
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Papers by syubbanul wathon