Papers by vidya kadashetti
eClinicalMedicine
Background The causes for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are diverse and the incid... more Background The causes for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are diverse and the incidence trends of IMIDs from specific causes are rarely studied. The study aims to investigate the pattern and trend of IMIDs from 1990 to 2019. Methods We collected detailed information on six major causes of IMIDs, including asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis, between 1990 and 2019, derived from the Global Burden of Disease study in 2019. The average annual percent change (AAPC) in number of incidents and age standardized incidence rate (ASR) on IMIDs, by sex, age, region, and causes, were calculated to quantify the temporal trends. Findings In 2019, rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease accounted 1.59%, 36.17%, 54.71%, 0.09%, 6.84%, 0.60% of overall new IMIDs cases, respectively. The ASR of IMIDs showed substantial regional and global variation with the highest in High SDI region, High-income North America, and United States of America. Throughout human lifespan, the age distribution of incident cases from six IMIDs was quite different. Globally, incident cases of IMIDs increased with an AAPC of 0.68 and the ASR decreased with an AAPC of −0.34 from 1990 to 2019. The incident cases increased across six IMIDs, the ASR of rheumatoid arthritis increased (0.21, 95% CI 0.18, 0.25), while the ASR of asthma (AAPC = −0.41), inflammatory bowel disease (AAPC = −0.72), multiple sclerosis (AAPC = −0.26), psoriasis (AAPC = −0.77), and atopic dermatitis (AAPC = −0.15) decreased. The ASR of overall and six individual IMID increased with SDI at regional and global level. Countries with higher ASR in 1990 experienced a more rapid decrease in ASR. Interpretation The incidence patterns of IMIDs varied considerably across the world. Innovative prevention and integrative management strategy are urgently needed to mitigate the increasing ASR of rheumatoid arthritis and upsurging new cases of other five IMIDs, respectively.
Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Introduction: The erudition of the fecundity period is essential for women for both successful co... more Introduction: The erudition of the fecundity period is essential for women for both successful conceiving and effective contraception with a need for research in developing a cost-effective, easy-to-use, multiuse, home-based method for prediction of ovulation. Aim: To evaluate the ferning patterns in saliva among various phases of the menstrual cycle (Follicular, Ovulatory, and Luteal) in normally menstruating women using a compound light microscope. Setting and design: A total of 45 healthy women between the ages of 18 and 25 who had a regular menstrual cycle participated in the current study. Methods and materials: Selected individuals were instructed on how to collect samples and when. The presence, absence, and intensity of the ferning pattern were determined by examining the dried saliva smears under a low power objective (10×). Following the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, Friedman's Test was used to statistically analyze the data. Results: The present study's findings indicate that among all study participants, there is a strong positive link between the occurrence of salivary ferning and the timing of ovulation. The maximum intensity of ferning is observed in the midday of the menstrual cycle in a subsection of women who were evaluated on multiple days in the ovulatory phase. Conclusion: The salivary fern test is a non-invasive and cost-effective method can serve as a reliable indicator of ovulation for effective conception or contraception and that the technique can be taught easily and effectively to the participants. Clinical significance: The presence of the salivary ferning pattern throughout the ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle will serve as an aid in defining the women's fertile time and, consequently, will further help for successful conception or contraception.
Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology, Dec 30, 2021
The Lancet Global Health
Background The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevent... more Background The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic; characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic; and examine expectations for future health spending and put into context the expected need for investment in pandemic preparedness. Methods In this analysis of global health spending between 1990 and 2021, and prediction from 2021 to 2026, we estimated four sources of health spending: development assistance for health (DAH), government spending, out-ofpocket spending, and prepaid private spending across 204 countries and territories. We used the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)'s Creditor Reporting System (CRS) and the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database (GHED) to estimate spending. We estimated development assistance for general health, COVID-19 response, and pandemic preparedness and response using a keyword search. Health spending estimates were combined with estimates of resources needed for pandemic prevention and preparedness to analyse future health spending patterns, relative to need. Findings In 2019, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, US$9•2 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9•1-9•3) was spent on health worldwide. We found great disparities in the amount of resources devoted to health, with high-income countries spending $7•3 trillion (95% UI 7•2-7•4) in 2019; 293•7 times the $24•8 billion (95% UI 24•3-25•3) spent by low-income countries in 2019. That same year, $43•1 billion in development assistance was provided to maintain or improve health. The pandemic led to an unprecedented increase in development assistance targeted towards health; in 2020 and 2021, $1•8 billion in DAH contributions was provided towards pandemic preparedness in LMICs, and $37•8 billion was provided for the health-related COVID-19 response. Although the support for pandemic preparedness is 12•2% of the recommended target by the High-Level Independent Panel (HLIP), the support provided for the healthrelated COVID-19 response is 252•2% of the recommended target. Additionally, projected spending estimates suggest that between 2022 and 2026, governments in 17 (95% UI 11-21) of the 137 LMICs will observe an increase in national government health spending equivalent to an addition of 1% of GDP, as recommended by the HLIP. Interpretation There was an unprecedented scale-up in DAH in 2020 and 2021. We have a unique opportunity at this time to sustain funding for crucial global health functions, including pandemic preparedness. However, historical patterns of underfunding of pandemic preparedness suggest that deliberate effort must be made to ensure funding is maintained.
Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
The Lancet
Background Reducing the burden of death due to infection is an urgent global public health priori... more Background Reducing the burden of death due to infection is an urgent global public health priority. Previous studies have estimated the number of deaths associated with drug-resistant infections and sepsis and found that infections remain a leading cause of death globally. Understanding the global burden of common bacterial pathogens (both susceptible and resistant to antimicrobials) is essential to identify the greatest threats to public health. To our knowledge, this is the first study to present global comprehensive estimates of deaths associated with 33 bacterial pathogens across 11 major infectious syndromes. Methods We estimated deaths associated with 33 bacterial genera or species across 11 infectious syndromes in 2019 using methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, in addition to a subset of the input data described in the Global Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance 2019 study. This study included 343 million individual records or isolates covering 11 361 study-location-years. We used three modelling steps to estimate the number of deaths associated with each pathogen: deaths in which infection had a role, the fraction of deaths due to infection that are attributable to a given infectious syndrome, and the fraction of deaths due to an infectious syndrome that are attributable to a given pathogen. Estimates were produced for all ages and for males and females across 204 countries and territories in 2019. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for final estimates of deaths and infections associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens following standard GBD methods by taking the 2•5th and 97•5th percentiles across 1000 posterior draws for each quantity of interest. Findings From an estimated 13•7 million (95% UI 10•9-17•1) infection-related deaths in 2019, there were 7•7 million deaths (5•7-10•2) associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens (both resistant and susceptible to antimicrobials) across the 11 infectious syndromes estimated in this study. We estimated deaths associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens to comprise 13•6% (10•2-18•1) of all global deaths and 56•2% (52•1-60•1) of all sepsis-related deaths in 2019. Five leading pathogens-Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa-were responsible for 54•9% (52•9-56•9) of deaths among the investigated bacteria. The deadliest infectious syndromes and pathogens varied by location and age. The age-standardised mortality rate associated with these bacterial pathogens was highest in the sub-Saharan Africa super-region, with 230 deaths (185-285) per 100 000 population, and lowest in the high-income super-region, with 52•2 deaths (37•4-71•5) per 100 000 population. S aureus was the leading bacterial cause of death in 135 countries and was also associated with the most deaths in individuals older than 15 years, globally. Among children younger than 5 years, S pneumoniae was the pathogen associated with the most deaths. In 2019, more than 6 million deaths occurred as a result of three bacterial infectious syndromes, with lower respiratory infections and bloodstream infections each causing more than 2 million deaths and peritoneal and intra-abdominal infections causing more than 1 million deaths. Interpretation The 33 bacterial pathogens that we investigated in this study are a substantial source of health loss globally, with considerable variation in their distribution across infectious syndromes and locations. Compared with GBD Level 3 underlying causes of death, deaths associated with these bacteria would rank as the second leading cause of death globally in 2019; hence, they should be considered an urgent priority for intervention within the global health community. Strategies to address the burden of bacterial infections include infection prevention, optimised use of antibiotics, improved capacity for microbiological analysis, vaccine development, and improved and more pervasive use of available vaccines. These estimates can be used to help set priorities for vaccine need, demand, and development. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, and Department of Health and Social Care, using UK aid funding managed by the Fleming Fund.
The Lancet Infectious Diseases
Background The global burden of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) and corresponding risk factor... more Background The global burden of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) and corresponding risk factors in children older than 5 years and adults has not been studied as comprehensively as it has been in children younger than 5 years. We assessed the burden and trends of LRIs and risk factors across all age groups by sex, for 204 countries and territories. Methods In this analysis of data for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we used clinician-diagnosed pneumonia or bronchiolitis as our case definition for LRIs. We included International Classification of Diseases 9th edition codes 079.6, 466–469, 470.0, 480–482.8, 483.0–483.9, 484.1–484.2, 484.6–484.7, and 487–489 and International Classification of Diseases 10th edition codes A48.1, A70, B97.4–B97.6, J09–J15.8, J16–J16.9, J20–J21.9, J91.0, P23.0–P23.4, and U04–U04.9. We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling strategy to analyse 23 109 site-years of vital registration data, 825 site-years of sample vital registration data, 1766 site-years of verbal autopsy data, and 681 site-years of mortality surveillance data. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, to analyse age–sex-specific incidence and prevalence data identified via systematic reviews of the literature, population-based survey data, and claims and inpatient data. Additionally, we estimated age–sex-specific LRI mortality that is attributable to the independent effects of 14 risk factors. Findings Globally, in 2019, we estimated that there were 257 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 240–275) LRI incident episodes in males and 232 million (217–248) in females. In the same year, LRIs accounted for 1·30 million (95% UI 1·18–1·42) male deaths and 1·20 million (1·07–1·33) female deaths. Age-standardised incidence and mortality rates were 1·17 times (95% UI 1·16–1·18) and 1·31 times (95% UI 1·23–1·41) greater in males than in females in 2019. Between 1990 and 2019, LRI incidence and mortality rates declined at different rates across age groups and an increase in LRI episodes and deaths was estimated among all adult age groups, with males aged 70 years and older having the highest increase in LRI episodes (126·0% [95% UI 121·4–131·1]) and deaths (100·0% [83·4–115·9]). During the same period, LRI episodes and deaths in children younger than 15 years were estimated to have decreased, and the greatest decline was observed for LRI deaths in males younger than 5 years (–70·7% [–77·2 to –61·8]). The leading risk factors for LRI mortality varied across age groups and sex. More than half of global LRI deaths in children younger than 5 years were attributable to child wasting (population attributable fraction [PAF] 53·0% [95% UI 37·7–61·8] in males and 56·4% [40·7–65·1] in females), and more than a quarter of LRI deaths among those aged 5–14 years were attributable to household air pollution (PAF 26·0% [95% UI 16·6–35·5] for males and PAF 25·8% [16·3–35·4] for females). PAFs of male LRI deaths attributed to smoking were 20·4% (95% UI 15·4–25·2) in those aged 15–49 years, 30·5% (24·1–36·9) in those aged 50–69 years, and 21·9% (16·8–27·3) in those aged 70 years and older. PAFs of female LRI deaths attributed to household air pollution were 21·1% (95% UI 14·5–27·9) in those aged 15–49 years and 18·2% (12·5–24·5) in those aged 50–69 years. For females aged 70 years and older, the leading risk factor, ambient particulate matter, was responsible for 11·7% (95% UI 8·2–15·8) of LRI deaths. Interpretation The patterns and progress in reducing the burden of LRIs and key risk factors for mortality varied across age groups and sexes. The progress seen in children younger than 5 years was clearly a result of targeted interventions, such as vaccination and reduction of exposure to risk factors. Similar interventions for other age groups could contribute to the achievement of multiple Sustainable Development Goals targets, including promoting wellbeing at all ages and reducing health inequalities. Interventions, including addressing risk factors such as child wasting, smoking, ambient particulate matter pollution, and household air pollution, would prevent deaths and reduce health disparities.
The Lancet Public Health
Background Globally, transport and unintentional injuries persist as leading preventable causes o... more Background Globally, transport and unintentional injuries persist as leading preventable causes of mortality and morbidity for adolescents. We sought to report comprehensive trends in injury-related mortality and morbidity for adolescents aged 10-24 years during the past three decades. Methods Using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2019 Study, we analysed mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to transport and unintentional injuries for adolescents in 204 countries. Burden is reported in absolute numbers and age-standardised rates per 100 000 population by sex, age group (10-14, 15-19, and 20-24 years), and sociodemographic index (SDI) with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We report percentage changes in deaths and DALYs between 1990 and 2019. Findings In 2019, 369 061 deaths (of which 214 337 [58%] were transport related) and 31•1 million DALYs (of which 16•2 million [52%] were transport related) among adolescents aged 10-24 years were caused by transport and unintentional injuries combined. If compared with other causes, transport and unintentional injuries combined accounted for 25% of deaths and 14% of DALYs in 2019, and showed little improvement from 1990 when such injuries accounted for 26% of adolescent deaths and 17% of adolescent DALYs. Throughout adolescence, transport and unintentional injury fatality rates increased by age group. The unintentional injury burden was higher among males than females for all injury types, except for injuries related to fire, heat, and hot substances, or to adverse effects of medical treatment. From 1990 to 2019, global mortality rates declined by 34•4% (from 17•5 to 11•5 per 100 000) for transport injuries, and by 47•7% (from 15•9 to 8•3 per 100 000) for unintentional injuries. However, in low-SDI nations the absolute number of deaths increased (by 80•5% to 42 774 for transport injuries and by 39•4% to 31 961 for unintentional injuries). In the high-SDI quintile in 2010-19, the rate per 100 000 of transport injury DALYs was reduced by 16•7%, from 838 in 2010 to 699 in 2019. This was a substantially slower pace of reduction compared with the 48•5% reduction between 1990 and 2010, from 1626 per 100 000 in 1990 to 838 per 100 000 in 2010. Between 2010 and 2019, the rate of unintentional injury DALYs per 100 000 also remained largely unchanged in high-SDI countries (555 in 2010 vs 554 in 2019; 0•2% reduction). The number and rate of adolescent deaths and DALYs owing to environmental heat and cold exposure increased for the high-SDI quintile during 2010-19. Interpretation As other causes of mortality are addressed, inadequate progress in reducing transport and unintentional injury mortality as a proportion of adolescent deaths becomes apparent. The relative shift in the burden of injury from high-SDI countries to low and low-middle-SDI countries necessitates focused action, including global donor, government, and industry investment in injury prevention. The persisting burden of DALYs related to transport and unintentional injuries indicates a need to prioritise innovative measures for the primary prevention of adolescent injury. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
International Journal of Forensic Odontology, 2017
Background: Age estimation is important in forensic medicine and odontology for identification of... more Background: Age estimation is important in forensic medicine and odontology for identification of deceased victims and also for crimes and accidents. Various studies have compared the different morphological methods, biochemical methods and radiological methods of age estimation. However, no study has compared the accuracy of a nondestructive (radiographic) method with a destructive (histologic) method. Aim and Objectives: Aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of the age estimation using pulp to tooth area ratio by radiography and tooth cemental annulations by phase contrast microscopy. Materials and Methods: Eighty permanent single-rooted extracted teeth were utilized in the study. The radiographic age was estimated using the pulp/tooth area ratio; histologic age was estimated using tooth cemental annulations. The results of both the methods were compared to evaluate the more accurate method. Results: The correlation between actual age and estimated radiographic age was found to be r = 0.92, P = 0.00 (P Conclusion: Both the radiographic method and histologic methods can be efficiently used to estimate age, however; we found that the histologic method had better accuracy in age estimation.
Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2020
BACKGROUND Dental Economics is the discipline of economics applied to the topic of oral health ca... more BACKGROUND Dental Economics is the discipline of economics applied to the topic of oral health care and addresses the perceptive of planning, budgeting and monitoring the economic evaluation relating to the cost and benefits of alternative ways of delivering oral health care. The Dental Practioners, once they are out in a competitive Clinical World who opt for clinical set up, need to focus on growing their practices, thus maintaining a competitive edge. We wanted to assess the knowledge and attitude of dental students about business in dentistry and also about Black Book among dental students. METHODS An interventional cross-sectional descriptive baseline KAP (Knowledge, Attitude and Practice) study was conducted among 250 dental students from Western Maharashtra between May 2016 and July 2016. Pre-/ post-test questionnaires applying open ended and close ended questions were designed and validated. A brief power point presentation on dental economics and introduction to the Black Book-Financial 2011 Business in Dentistry was presented. The Pre / Post data was collected and subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 10. RESULTS 77.9 %-88 % participants in pre-test said that they had not been taught about the art of setting up a clinic; whereas, the ratio increased to 98 % after the intervention and post-test. This indicated that the lack of knowledge about how to set up a clinic can be one of the reasons for poor satisfaction among dentists in India. CONCLUSIONS Hence, introduction of such topic in the curriculum can further improvise on earning and in turn improve the dentist satisfaction. This baseline KAP study reinforces the need to consider the business side of dental practice, in particular, the importance of quality, creativity and innovation, alongside the importance of meeting the needs of patients.
Gynecology and Minimally Invasive Therapy, 2019
IntRoductIon Saliva is a clinically important biologic fluid that can be utilized for novel appro... more IntRoductIon Saliva is a clinically important biologic fluid that can be utilized for novel approaches in prognosis, diagnosis, monitoring, and management of patients with oral and systemic diseases. Saliva can be easily collected and stored and is ideal for early detection of disease. It is known to contain specific soluble biologic markers commonly referred to as biomarkers. The presence of multiple biomarkers makes it useful for multiplexed assays that can be developed as point-of-care devices, rapid tests, and for centralized clinical laboratory operations. [1] The measurement beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) in plasma and urine are currently used in the detection of pregnancy. β-hCG levels in saliva are usually detectable at about 3-4 weeks of pregnancy and continue to increase throughout the pregnancy. However, only a few studies have been carried out to evaluate the role of saliva as a noninvasive, rapid, and more acceptable biofluid for pregnancy detection. With this objective, the present study was carried out to determine the role of saliva in the detection of pregnancy using home-based pregnancy detection kits. Context: The role of saliva in detection of pregnancy has not received the due importance it deserves. Aims: The present paper aims at determining the role of saliva in detection of pregnancy using home-based pregnancy detection kits to provide an alternative biofluid that is more user friendly, acceptable, noninvasive, rapid, and easy for home use. Settings and Design: The study was conducted among 35 women visiting a gynecology clinic for confirmation of pregnancy, who gave a history of a missed menstrual cycle not more than 4 weeks. Subjects and Methods: A home-based pregnancy detection kit meant for urinary human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) detection with 20 mIU specification was used in the study for estimation of salivary hCG. Routine test that was prescribed to the patient such as laboratory-based urine hCG and/or ultrasound examination was used for confirmation of pregnancy status and correlation with the saliva-based result. Results: A positive test was obtained in 74% participants, with a dark band in 43% participants and a light band in 31% participants. A negative result was noted in 26% participants. We observed that salivary hCG estimation showed a 77% accuracy and 23% false-negative results. Conclusions: An astounding 74% of participants showed a positive result with an existing pregnancy kit which indicates a strong plausibility of using salivary hCG as a biomarker for detection of pregnancy. With the findings obtained from our study, we could positively affirm that salivary hCG can be used as a potential, user friendly, and more acceptable biomarker for early detection of pregnancy.
Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2018
Introduction: There are a number of individuals suffering from various disabilities in this socie... more Introduction: There are a number of individuals suffering from various disabilities in this society. The parents, caretakers, and family members have a grievous effect due to the psychological reactions associated with deformity. This leads to apprehensive behavior in the life of these disabled individuals. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the dentition status and treatment needs among 7–12-year-old children with disabilities at special schools in Karad city, Maharashtra India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 7–12-year-old children attending specials school in Karad city, India. A total of 50 children (30 males and 20 females) were examined. The dentition status and treatment needs were assessed using dentition status and treatment needs index. The caries experience was assessed using decayed, missing, and filled teeth/surface (dft/s/DMFT/S) index. Information on intelligent quotient, disability status, and systemic diseases was also recorded. Results: The mean age of the study population was 8.98 ± 3.15 years. There were 30 (60%) males and 20 (40%) females in the study population. Among the total children examined, 52% of the children suffering from mental retardation (MR), followed by MR with cerebral palsy (20%). The overall mean dft and DMFT scores were 2.99 ± 0.92 and 3.91 ± 1.43, and decayed component had the highest score in both the groups. There was a statistically significant difference has been observed between gender (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Dental treatment needs in these individuals are very high, which reflect the barriers to access and utilize oral health care among these children. As dentists, we should emphasize on health education, periodic recall, and monitoring among these individuals.
CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research, 2019
Introduction: Rickshaw drivers, who provide an important mode of public transport in urban and se... more Introduction: Rickshaw drivers, who provide an important mode of public transport in urban and semiurban areas in India, are exposed to harmful environmental pollutants, unhealthy lifestyle, irregular meals, poor work posture, and most importantly habits such as tobacco and alcohol. Keeping all this in view, the present study was planned to analyze the knowledge and risk perception of oral cancer among rickshaw drivers in Karad city. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out among 300 autorickshaw drivers of Karad city from Western Maharashtra, India. The questionnaire used consisted of various items including tobacco and alcohol consumption, their working hours, and more importantly their awareness toward oral cancer including its early symptoms as well as their self-perceived risk assessment. Results: Out of the 300 autorickshaw drivers studied in the present study, 260 (86.7%) were either smoking or chewing tobacco in some of its forms. Only 36 (12%) of 300 participants thought they should undergo regular screening for oral cancer. Conclusion: Thus, the findings of this study reflect a significant need of increasing cancer awareness among the population of rickshaw drivers. Targeted counseling programs and oral cancer screening programs would enable catching the early signs of cancer and nipping it in its bud.
CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research, 2019
The identification of oral tissues, including bone and teeth remains, is of primary importance wh... more The identification of oral tissues, including bone and teeth remains, is of primary importance when the deceased person is skeletonized, decomposed, burned, or dismembered. Primary role in the identification of remains when postmortem changes, traumatic tissue injury or lack of a fingerprint record invalidate the use of visual or fingerprint methods in Forensic Odontology. Forensic medicine and odontology has become an integral part for investigations and identification over the past decades. Forensic odontology utilizes oral and paraoral findings to serve the judicial system to investigate the truth head-and-neck findings can be used for identification as using them is cost-effective, reliable, and fast. Forensic odontology is a branch of dentistry that analyzes dental evidence to overlap the dental and legal profession. The tooth has been used as an evidence in the identification of the biter, age estimation, and gender determination of the accused. The study of forensic stomatology helps in criminal, noncriminal, and research purposes.
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2019
Introduction: Anemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed co... more Introduction: Anemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries. According to the World Health Organization, the highest number of individuals affected by anemia is observed in nonpregnant women aged 15–49.99 years. Though nutritional anemia can affect any age group, female medical students form a vulnerable population due to their hectic schedules, erratic mealtimes, and long working hours while staying in hostel for majority of times. Therefore, this study is aimed at determining the prevalence and awareness of anemia among the apparently healthy female students studying at a health institute. Methods: A cross-sectional study is conducted among 300 female students studying at a health institute in western Maharashtra after their written informed consent. A structured questionnaire elicits their general information, the knowledge about signs and symptoms of anemia, and dietary habits. Basal metabolic index and hemoglobin using the spectroscopy method are estimated for each participant. Results: Anemia prevalence in our population is 86 (28.6%). Based upon the severity of anemia, about 54 (18%) has mild anemia and 32 (10.6%) has moderate anemia. No case of severe anemia is noted in our study sample. Conclusion: The findings of the study highlight that anemia can affect even medical female students who are a vulnerable group unexpectedly suffering from nutritional deficiencies. Thus, this study highlights the need for interventional programs at primary health-care systems and colleges for improvement in the nutritional status of anemic students to reduce its complications.
Journal of International Oral Health, 2018
Introduction: Disability has often been described as a physiological deficit. Children with heari... more Introduction: Disability has often been described as a physiological deficit. Children with hearing impairment constitute one of the major population groups of physically challenged children. In India, the people are suffering from one or the other kind of disability which is equivalent to 2.1% of the country's population. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to assess the caries experience and oral hygiene status among the hearing and speech impaired children's. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 100 participants aged 5–18 years attending a school for the sensory impaired children of Karad city, India. The participants were examined using Type III clinical examination. Oral hygiene status by oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S), Plaque index status and decayed, missing, and filled teeth/surface (DMFT/S) index were assessed. ANOVA, Chi-square test were used and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The largest component of DMFT/dmft was the decayed component, with a mean of 2.83 ± 0.94. P < 0.05 showing that this was statistically significant. The simplified calculus index and OHI-S index showed a significant difference between males and females of the study population (P < 0.05, S). Conclusion: There is an alarming situation for dental diseases among these hearing and speech impaired children. Hence, efforts should be made to encourage the parents and school teachers of these children to promote and improve their oral health.
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2018
Introduction: In recent times, with the increasing burden caused by the lifestyle diseases on the... more Introduction: In recent times, with the increasing burden caused by the lifestyle diseases on the health sector, there has been a renewed interest in the relationship between food and health. Research regarding nutritional status in college students in western Maharashtra, India, has been found lacking. Therefore, this study was undertaken to ascertain the dietary habits in the undergraduate students of a health institute. Materials and Methods: This questionnaire-based study was conducted amongst 130 students from a health university regarding their dietary attitudes and lifestyle practices. The students had the option of choosing more than one answer based on the nature of the question. All the data were tabulated and relevant inferences were drawn. Results: A total of 130 students comprising 74 girls and 56 boys from a health university participated in the study. Daily consumption of fruits and vegetables was only 1–2 portions for 98 (75%) of the participating students. Twenty-four (18%) participants were noted to be underweight and 11 (8%) students were either overweight or obese. Conclusion: Thus, the findings of the study indicate that the diet and nutritional aspects of our future medical health professionals should be researched in further details and timely interventions initiated for ensuring the knowledge and practice of the WHO principles regarding the same to be incorporated.
Indian Journal of Dental Education, 2016
Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences, 2015
Reconstructive identification is a prerequisite to comparative identification. [6] During the rec... more Reconstructive identification is a prerequisite to comparative identification. [6] During the reconstructive identification process, all necessary information (physical attributes, medical and dental clues, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and fingerprint) is gathered from the unknown body of the victim so that an objective reconstructed profile can be established. This reconstructed post mortem (PM) profile can then be matched with missing persons' [7] The definite establishment of identity of a body essentially comes from a detailed comparison and matching of tangible antemortem records and PM findings. [8] The final identification results depend mainly on the presence and quality of
Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences, 2014
Gingival desquamation is a clinical sign in which the gingiva appears reddish, glazed and friable... more Gingival desquamation is a clinical sign in which the gingiva appears reddish, glazed and friable with destruction of the epithelium. Gingival desquamation may be the result of various disease processes in gingiva. Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), oral lichen planus and pemphigus vulgaris accounts for the major causes of gingival desquamation. MMP is a rare, chronic autoimmune blistering disorder characterized by subepithelial bullae. The condition frequently involves mucous membranes, with rare skin involvement. Oral cavity is mostly affected and desquamative gingivitis is the most common manifestation. Hereby, we present an interesting case of MMP manifesting as desquamative gingivitis, along with a brief review of the literature.
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Papers by vidya kadashetti