Viktor Pirmana

Environmental Cost in Indonesia Spillover Effect Between Consumption and Production

Reducing environmental costs is a significant concern for Indonesia's future. This paper explores... more Reducing environmental costs is a significant concern for Indonesia's future. This paper explores Indonesia's environmental costs from emissions and forest resources and identifies the priority sectors in terms of economic and environmental performance. We use environmentally extended input-output analysis for calculating the environmental costs and further extension with linkages analysis to identify the priority sectors. The study finds that the total environmental costs of emissions due to final demand is around 7% of the GDP. This environmental cost is significantly due to domestic products with household consumption being the largest contributor. The top 10 sectors in the Indonesian economy are responsible for about 70% of the total environmental costs of emissions. Based on pollutant source, SO x , NO x , CO 2 , and CH 4 contribute more than half of emissions' ecological costs. We also find that forest resources' environmental cost is only 7.5% of the total environmental cost. Last, this study finds that key sectors of economic and sustainability points of view are textile manufacturing; publishing, printing, and reproduction of recorded media; chemicals n.e.c.; manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products; construction; and other land transport. Finally, this paper discusses the policy options for Indonesia to promote sustainable consumption and production in terms of reducing environmental costs while managing economic development.

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Environmental Cost in Indonesia Spillover Effect Between Consumption and Production

Frontiers in Sustainability

Reducing environmental costs is a significant concern for Indonesia's future. This paper expl... more Reducing environmental costs is a significant concern for Indonesia's future. This paper explores Indonesia's environmental costs from emissions and forest resources and identifies the priority sectors in terms of economic and environmental performance. We use environmentally extended input–output analysis for calculating the environmental costs and further extension with linkages analysis to identify the priority sectors. The study finds that the total environmental costs of emissions due to final demand is around 7% of the GDP. This environmental cost is significantly due to domestic products with household consumption being the largest contributor. The top 10 sectors in the Indonesian economy are responsible for about 70% of the total environmental costs of emissions. Based on pollutant source, SOx, NOx, CO2, and CH4 contribute more than half of emissions' ecological costs. We also find that forest resources' environmental cost is only 7.5% of the total environmen...

Earnings Differential Between Male-Female In Indonesia: Evidence From Sakernas Data

This Research aims to analyze the earnings inequality in Indonesia and to know whether the earnin... more This Research aims to analyze the earnings inequality in Indonesia and to know whether the earnings inequality can be explained by individual characteristic factors such as education and experience; location both urban-rural and province where individual reside and work; and based on socio-demography-economic characteristic. Furthermore, this research tries to know how big those factors contribute to the existing inequality, before and after crisis. Using data from SAKERNAS 1996, 1999, 2002, and 2004, the valid observation is about 145660 individual. Result of analysis clearly indicate that there are significant gender inequalities in earnings in Indonesia, based on education and experience; urban-rural location and province where individual reside and work and based on socio-demography-economic characteristic. The profile of earnings inequality by gender seems to be an “inverted U” fashion, with the male-female earnings gap narrowing as educational attainment went up, and reached a...

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Environmental Cost in Indonesia Spillover Effect Between Consumption and Production

Frontiers in Sustainability

Reducing environmental costs is a significant concern for Indonesia's future. This paper expl... more Reducing environmental costs is a significant concern for Indonesia's future. This paper explores Indonesia's environmental costs from emissions and forest resources and identifies the priority sectors in terms of economic and environmental performance. We use environmentally extended input–output analysis for calculating the environmental costs and further extension with linkages analysis to identify the priority sectors. The study finds that the total environmental costs of emissions due to final demand is around 7% of the GDP. This environmental cost is significantly due to domestic products with household consumption being the largest contributor. The top 10 sectors in the Indonesian economy are responsible for about 70% of the total environmental costs of emissions. Based on pollutant source, SOx, NOx, CO2, and CH4 contribute more than half of emissions' ecological costs. We also find that forest resources' environmental cost is only 7.5% of the total environmen...

Labor market development in Indonesia Has it been for all?

The Role of Government on Education Quality and its Provision: The Case of Public Junior Secondary School among Provinces in Indonesia

European Journal of Social Sciences

This paper aims to examine the involvement of the government through the Law No. 20/2003 of Natio... more This paper aims to examine the involvement of the government through the Law No. 20/2003 of National Education System on education qualities, particularly in the public junior secondary school in various provinces in Indonesia during the period of 2000-2004 and to analyze government's role in providing education of typical level using panel data analysis and literature review. The results showed that the role of government through routine expenditure for public junior secondary school level is significant compared to development expenditure in improving the quality of education. In addition, Law No. 20/2003 of National Education System had a positive effect on the quality of education on public junior secondary school level in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the public junior secondary school level in Indonesia has a common resource characteristic.

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Earnings Differential Between Male-Female In Indonesia: Evidence From Sakernas Data

Working Papers in Economics and Development …, 2006

This Research aims to analyze the earnings inequality in Indonesia and to know whether the earnin... more This Research aims to analyze the earnings inequality in Indonesia and to know whether the earnings inequality can be explained by individual characteristic factors such as education and experience; location both urban-rural and province where individual reside and work; and based on socio-demography-economic characteristic. Furthermore, this research tries to know how big those factors contribute to the existing inequality, before and after crisis. Using data from SAKERNAS 1996, 1999, 2002, and 2004, the valid observation is about 145660 individual. Result of analysis clearly indicate that there are significant gender inequalities in earnings in Indonesia, based on education and experience; urbanrural location and province where individual reside and work and based on sociodemography-economic characteristic. The profile of earnings inequality by gender seems to be an "inverted U" fashion, with the male-female earnings gap narrowing as educational attainment went up, and reached a plateau at the "postsecondary level" and then tapered off. The analysis also suggests that the industrial affiliation of female workers matter.The result of estimating Mincerian earnings equation shows that such factor as human capital (years of schooling and experience); socio-demography-economic characteristic (being household's head, gender, marriage status, work sector); and location factors (urban-rural and province which individual reside and work), significantly affects individual earning in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the result of decomposing this earnings inequality indicate that factor causing earnings inequality between "male" and "female" is about 41.6 percent caused by endowment differences. On the other hand, most of the gap about 58.4 percent attributed to unobserved and unexplained factors, rather than attributed to differences in observable endowments.

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