B.Ed (Honors) program initiated with the recommendations of the National Curriculum Revision Comm... more B.Ed (Honors) program initiated with the recommendations of the National Curriculum Revision Committee (NCRC) and Higher Education Commission (HEC) in Pakistan. Government of Pakistan (GOP) ensures to expose a deep interest in creating severe modifications to confiscate entirely differences in the transnational standards. The present study was designed to assess the effectiveness of B.Ed (Honors) program being offered in private and public sector universities in Pakistan. Faculty teachers and alumni were selected as sample of the study. For data collection, questionnaire containing 45 statements with four factors and focus group discussion were used. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics indicated that the respondents were satisfied about the teachers’ content knowledge, effectiveness of teaching methodologies, practices of behavior changes and timely feedbacks. Respondents were less satisfied with the statements related to admission criteria, appropria...
Background and Purpose: Fahmida Riaz was able to articulate precise feminist politics through her... more Background and Purpose: Fahmida Riaz was able to articulate precise feminist politics through her voice because she was audible to many women in the Pakistani context. The current study investigates how her writings about the female body were not merely a tool to celebrate or raise the sexual distance, but also influenced a political intervention and shifted the dominant patriarchal structures present in literary as well as other social and political levels. The purpose of the research is to shed light on how a specific poet's voice was able to reach a large audience of women and articulate explicitly feminist politics in Pakistan. Methodology: The Feminist Discourse Analysis (FCDA), another dimension of CDA, is employed in the analysis. The application of the FCDA model is adapted to examine how textual representations of gendered practices produce and sustain one gender power and dominance over the other. For the study, an operational method based on four models has been...
This study describes the move structure of sub-genre; the discussion part in the doctoral theses ... more This study describes the move structure of sub-genre; the discussion part in the doctoral theses of Pakistani research scholars. The study embraces six disciplines of social sciences, i.e. Education, Economics, Geography, Sociology, Statistics and Psychology. Thirty doctoral theses have been retrieved from Higher Education Commission (HEC) Pakistan Research Repository. Total data consist of 18, 80, 566 words approximately. The textual data of the discussion part of doctoral research thesis are analyzed in terms of the analysis of Peacock (2002) model which is the modified version of Dudley Evans (1994) move analysis. It is quite similar to Dudley’s model, but in addition to the 9 moves, move cycle is also proposed by Peacock. Not even a single obligatory move is found in selected theses which reveal that the rhetorical pattern of Pakistani PhD scholars does not match with this model of move structure. Contrary to move structure, move cycles proposed by Peacock (2002) are largely est...
We certify that the contents and form of thesis submitted by Ms. Urooj Fatima Alvi, Registration ... more We certify that the contents and form of thesis submitted by Ms. Urooj Fatima Alvi, Registration No 2013-GCUF-05023 has been found satisfactory and in accordance with the prescribed format. We recommend it to be processed for the evaluation by the External Examiner for the award of the degree.
The importance of linguistic variation has been discussed in a variety of theoretical, methodolog... more The importance of linguistic variation has been discussed in a variety of theoretical, methodological and practical studies. Pakistani English (PE) is an emerging independent, non-native variety of English. However, currently there is a lack of a comprehensive description of its characteristics in the literature. The present research addresses this problem by investigating the linguistic variation of Pakistani English newspaper editorials (Pak. Ed.). It aims to identify if the language used in PE is a distinguished linguistic sub-register of Pakistani Newspaper English. In order to address this question, the technique of multidimensional (MD) analysis is utilized. A diverse dataset, consisting of 250 editorials from five leading newspapers, has been compiled which provides a variety and range of topics covered by different authors. The resulting corpus is tagged for 67 linguistic features and factor analysis has been conducted, to identify major linguistic patterns of co-occurrence....
The current study focuses some distinguished linguistic features of gender by observing the funct... more The current study focuses some distinguished linguistic features of gender by observing the functional variation in newspaper editorials of Pakistani English newspaper (Pk. Ed.). It is conducted to specify the male and female language usage in the corpus of Pk. Ed. for determining the separate linguistic features. For addressing this question, multidimensional (MD) analysis [2] is used, which provides detailed grammatical features of the corpus. A varied dataset, having 300 editorials from two leading newspapers has been organized. The corpus for the present study, has been tagged for 67 linguistic features and statistical analysis has been led, to signify the sets of linguistic features. Five functional dimensions are used to distinguish the linguistic characteristics of male and female language patterns in the context of the Pakistani mass media. These dimensions provide an information level, narrative characteristics, situation positions, degree of persuasive language and mental ...
Short Message Service (SMS) language can be classified in itself as a variety of written language... more Short Message Service (SMS) language can be classified in itself as a variety of written language. The classification of SMS as a distinct variety is based on the uniqueness of the way it is written, since this variety is based only on written form and not speech. This article examines the Word Formation Processes that are used in SMS language by the Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) students of University of Management and Technology (UMT), Pakistan. The article also explores the choices of Word Formation Processes (WFPs) that are made by males and females. The data was collected from 50 male and 50 female students enrolled in the BBA program of a private university of Lahore. The research questions were related to the use of Word Formation Processes and the research hypotheses were tested to distinguish WFPs as a marker of Gender identity. The results revealed that Standard Word Formation Processes are used more in the SMS language as compared to non-standard WFPs and it also revealed that there is a significant difference in the choices of males and females.
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of true experimental research studies in the ... more The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of true experimental research studies in the field of Applied Linguistics and to highlight the methodology and statistical application employed by the researchers. A total of ten true experimental studies are reviewed. The perspectives emerged from these studies have been identified and discussed. 1:Introduction Experimental method is a scientific and systematic approach to research in which "experiments are carried out to explore the relationship between variables" (Nunan, 1992). Experimental research in applied linguistics is intended to "uncover causal links by answering questions such as "What's the reason for", "What happens if? / when…..? and what effect does something have…..? Dornyei, (2011). True experimental research is one of the types of Experimental research which has gained enormous significance in sciences such as sociology, psychology, physics, chemistry and medicine. In Applied Linguistics, Experimental research studies have increased in quantity as they are deemed to establish more reliable, quantified and statistically measured results. Experimental research contains three main components; dependent variable, independent variable and treatment. Dependent variable receives stimulus and is measured for the effect the treatment has had upon it. Independent variable is a part of the situation that exists from which originates the stimulus given to dependent variable, includes treatment, state of variable, such as age, size, weight, etc. Treatment means either removal or addition of a stimulus in order to measure an effort. 1.1. Types of Experimental Research Experimental research may be of three types; Pre experiment, Quasi experiment and True experiment. All these types have contrastive characteristics. Pre experiment may have pre-and posttest but lacks a control group. Quasi experiment has both pre-and posttest and experimental and control groups, but no random assignments of subjects. True experiment has both pre-and posttests, experimental and control groups, and random assignments of subjects (Nunan, 1992). This paper aims to review true experimental studies in Applied Linguistics The criteria of selecting studies for this review are twofold: 1-The topics must fall within the area of true experimental mode of research. 2-The data undertaken must be analyzed by using a statistical measure. 2: Review of True Experimental Studies This section will present a review of ten experimental studies conducted in the field of applied linguistics. Major research ideas emerging from the collected studies concern with the areas of English language teaching methods, integrated approach of learning skills and use of technology in improving academic performance of students. 2.1. English language teaching Methods Three studies are located on different methods of English language teaching and learning in Communicative Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org
In sociolinguistic research, the topic of gender difference in accordance with language use has t... more In sociolinguistic research, the topic of gender difference in accordance with language use has thrown light on a number of social, cultural and psychological aspects of both groups in every community. In Pakistan, this sociolinguistic aspect of language use also needs to be studied critically for the equal rights and security of women identity. This will investigate the variation of some sociolinguistic features by examining them within the language of both genders in order to determine whether there are differences according to speech style in terms of degree of ‘carefulness’. The research is closely related to some of the fundamental issues of gender differences in language use. Gender differences can be understood by the analysis of language in the context of general behaviour. Gender differences, in the context of sociolinguistics, have been studied in great detail over the past few decades. There are mainly two significant approaches which provide direction in this research ar...
B.Ed (Honors) program initiated with the recommendations of the National Curriculum Revision Comm... more B.Ed (Honors) program initiated with the recommendations of the National Curriculum Revision Committee (NCRC) and Higher Education Commission (HEC) in Pakistan. Government of Pakistan (GOP) ensures to expose a deep interest in creating severe modifications to confiscate entirely differences in the transnational standards. The present study was designed to assess the effectiveness of B.Ed (Honors) program being offered in private and public sector universities in Pakistan. Faculty teachers and alumni were selected as sample of the study. For data collection, questionnaire containing 45 statements with four factors and focus group discussion were used. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics indicated that the respondents were satisfied about the teachers’ content knowledge, effectiveness of teaching methodologies, practices of behavior changes and timely feedbacks. Respondents were less satisfied with the statements related to admission criteria, appropria...
Background and Purpose: Fahmida Riaz was able to articulate precise feminist politics through her... more Background and Purpose: Fahmida Riaz was able to articulate precise feminist politics through her voice because she was audible to many women in the Pakistani context. The current study investigates how her writings about the female body were not merely a tool to celebrate or raise the sexual distance, but also influenced a political intervention and shifted the dominant patriarchal structures present in literary as well as other social and political levels. The purpose of the research is to shed light on how a specific poet's voice was able to reach a large audience of women and articulate explicitly feminist politics in Pakistan. Methodology: The Feminist Discourse Analysis (FCDA), another dimension of CDA, is employed in the analysis. The application of the FCDA model is adapted to examine how textual representations of gendered practices produce and sustain one gender power and dominance over the other. For the study, an operational method based on four models has been...
This study describes the move structure of sub-genre; the discussion part in the doctoral theses ... more This study describes the move structure of sub-genre; the discussion part in the doctoral theses of Pakistani research scholars. The study embraces six disciplines of social sciences, i.e. Education, Economics, Geography, Sociology, Statistics and Psychology. Thirty doctoral theses have been retrieved from Higher Education Commission (HEC) Pakistan Research Repository. Total data consist of 18, 80, 566 words approximately. The textual data of the discussion part of doctoral research thesis are analyzed in terms of the analysis of Peacock (2002) model which is the modified version of Dudley Evans (1994) move analysis. It is quite similar to Dudley’s model, but in addition to the 9 moves, move cycle is also proposed by Peacock. Not even a single obligatory move is found in selected theses which reveal that the rhetorical pattern of Pakistani PhD scholars does not match with this model of move structure. Contrary to move structure, move cycles proposed by Peacock (2002) are largely est...
We certify that the contents and form of thesis submitted by Ms. Urooj Fatima Alvi, Registration ... more We certify that the contents and form of thesis submitted by Ms. Urooj Fatima Alvi, Registration No 2013-GCUF-05023 has been found satisfactory and in accordance with the prescribed format. We recommend it to be processed for the evaluation by the External Examiner for the award of the degree.
The importance of linguistic variation has been discussed in a variety of theoretical, methodolog... more The importance of linguistic variation has been discussed in a variety of theoretical, methodological and practical studies. Pakistani English (PE) is an emerging independent, non-native variety of English. However, currently there is a lack of a comprehensive description of its characteristics in the literature. The present research addresses this problem by investigating the linguistic variation of Pakistani English newspaper editorials (Pak. Ed.). It aims to identify if the language used in PE is a distinguished linguistic sub-register of Pakistani Newspaper English. In order to address this question, the technique of multidimensional (MD) analysis is utilized. A diverse dataset, consisting of 250 editorials from five leading newspapers, has been compiled which provides a variety and range of topics covered by different authors. The resulting corpus is tagged for 67 linguistic features and factor analysis has been conducted, to identify major linguistic patterns of co-occurrence....
The current study focuses some distinguished linguistic features of gender by observing the funct... more The current study focuses some distinguished linguistic features of gender by observing the functional variation in newspaper editorials of Pakistani English newspaper (Pk. Ed.). It is conducted to specify the male and female language usage in the corpus of Pk. Ed. for determining the separate linguistic features. For addressing this question, multidimensional (MD) analysis [2] is used, which provides detailed grammatical features of the corpus. A varied dataset, having 300 editorials from two leading newspapers has been organized. The corpus for the present study, has been tagged for 67 linguistic features and statistical analysis has been led, to signify the sets of linguistic features. Five functional dimensions are used to distinguish the linguistic characteristics of male and female language patterns in the context of the Pakistani mass media. These dimensions provide an information level, narrative characteristics, situation positions, degree of persuasive language and mental ...
Short Message Service (SMS) language can be classified in itself as a variety of written language... more Short Message Service (SMS) language can be classified in itself as a variety of written language. The classification of SMS as a distinct variety is based on the uniqueness of the way it is written, since this variety is based only on written form and not speech. This article examines the Word Formation Processes that are used in SMS language by the Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) students of University of Management and Technology (UMT), Pakistan. The article also explores the choices of Word Formation Processes (WFPs) that are made by males and females. The data was collected from 50 male and 50 female students enrolled in the BBA program of a private university of Lahore. The research questions were related to the use of Word Formation Processes and the research hypotheses were tested to distinguish WFPs as a marker of Gender identity. The results revealed that Standard Word Formation Processes are used more in the SMS language as compared to non-standard WFPs and it also revealed that there is a significant difference in the choices of males and females.
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of true experimental research studies in the ... more The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of true experimental research studies in the field of Applied Linguistics and to highlight the methodology and statistical application employed by the researchers. A total of ten true experimental studies are reviewed. The perspectives emerged from these studies have been identified and discussed. 1:Introduction Experimental method is a scientific and systematic approach to research in which "experiments are carried out to explore the relationship between variables" (Nunan, 1992). Experimental research in applied linguistics is intended to "uncover causal links by answering questions such as "What's the reason for", "What happens if? / when…..? and what effect does something have…..? Dornyei, (2011). True experimental research is one of the types of Experimental research which has gained enormous significance in sciences such as sociology, psychology, physics, chemistry and medicine. In Applied Linguistics, Experimental research studies have increased in quantity as they are deemed to establish more reliable, quantified and statistically measured results. Experimental research contains three main components; dependent variable, independent variable and treatment. Dependent variable receives stimulus and is measured for the effect the treatment has had upon it. Independent variable is a part of the situation that exists from which originates the stimulus given to dependent variable, includes treatment, state of variable, such as age, size, weight, etc. Treatment means either removal or addition of a stimulus in order to measure an effort. 1.1. Types of Experimental Research Experimental research may be of three types; Pre experiment, Quasi experiment and True experiment. All these types have contrastive characteristics. Pre experiment may have pre-and posttest but lacks a control group. Quasi experiment has both pre-and posttest and experimental and control groups, but no random assignments of subjects. True experiment has both pre-and posttests, experimental and control groups, and random assignments of subjects (Nunan, 1992). This paper aims to review true experimental studies in Applied Linguistics The criteria of selecting studies for this review are twofold: 1-The topics must fall within the area of true experimental mode of research. 2-The data undertaken must be analyzed by using a statistical measure. 2: Review of True Experimental Studies This section will present a review of ten experimental studies conducted in the field of applied linguistics. Major research ideas emerging from the collected studies concern with the areas of English language teaching methods, integrated approach of learning skills and use of technology in improving academic performance of students. 2.1. English language teaching Methods Three studies are located on different methods of English language teaching and learning in Communicative Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org
In sociolinguistic research, the topic of gender difference in accordance with language use has t... more In sociolinguistic research, the topic of gender difference in accordance with language use has thrown light on a number of social, cultural and psychological aspects of both groups in every community. In Pakistan, this sociolinguistic aspect of language use also needs to be studied critically for the equal rights and security of women identity. This will investigate the variation of some sociolinguistic features by examining them within the language of both genders in order to determine whether there are differences according to speech style in terms of degree of ‘carefulness’. The research is closely related to some of the fundamental issues of gender differences in language use. Gender differences can be understood by the analysis of language in the context of general behaviour. Gender differences, in the context of sociolinguistics, have been studied in great detail over the past few decades. There are mainly two significant approaches which provide direction in this research ar...
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